`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay\'，etc。，vol。iii。，cap。viii。，p。119。
OnJuly2twoshipsarrivedinBuenosAyresbringingthenewsthatthedecreehadbeenputinforceinSpainonApril2withsuccess。
AsallthecrewofboththeshipsknewwhathadhappenedinSpain，concealmentofhisplanbecamenolongerpossible。Thus，hadtheJesuitspossessedeitherthewishorthemeanstomakeanarmedresistance，theyhadampletimetostandontheirdefence。
Nothingwasfurtherfromtheirminds，thoughtheyhadcompletedominionoveraterritoryaslargeasFrance，andwhichcontainedapopulationofoveronehundredandfiftythousandsouls。1
Forarms，theyhadaschiefdefencesome`verylongEnglishguns，withrestsiftheywishedtousethem，whichwerenotveryheavy，andhadatolerablerange。\'2ThesewerethepreparationsthattheJesuits(who，notinParaguayalone，butthroughoutalltheAmericandominionsoftheSpanishcrown，ruledoverterritoriesstretchingfromCaliforniatoCapeHorn)3hadmade，andtheywerefoundaloneinthemissionsofParaguay，where，byaspecialpermissionoftheKingsofSpain，armswereallowedfordefenceagainstthePortuguese。
1Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil\'，etc。，vol。iii。，cap。viii。
2`Tambienenalgunospuebloshayunasescopetasinglesasmuylargasconsushorquillassisequierenusardeellasnosonmuypesadasytienenbuenalcance\'
(Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay\'，etc。，vol。iii。，cap。viii。)。
3Therewereintheyear1759throughouttheworld271Jesuitmissions，1，542religioushouses，61cattlefarms，340residences，171seminaries，1，542churches，and22，589Jesuits，whereof11，293werepriests。
Oftheabovehouses，missions，andchurches，thegreaterportionwereinAmerica(FerrerdelRio，`HistoriadelReinadodeCarlosIII。\'，Madrid，1856)。
IntheRiverPlateandParaguaytherewereabout400Jesuits，ofwhom300werepriests。Theotherhundred，accordingtoIbanez(`RepublicaJesuitica\')，were`mostlypoordevilswhowereinwantoffood，andcameintotheOrderforameal。\'
Ibanezrarelyspokethetruth，notevenwhenitwouldhavebeenexpedienttodoso；andcertainlyamongstthese`poordevils\'
couldnothavebeenincludedAsperger，thewriteronIndianmedicines，andotherdistinguishedmenwhoinhabitedtheParaguayanmissionsaslaybrothers。
Bucareli，whoseemstohavebeenatimidbuthonestanduprightman，madehisfirstexperimentupontheJesuitsofBuenosAyres，Cordoba，andSantaFe。Thecollegesinalltheseplacesweresuppressedonthesamenight，andwithouttheleastresistancefromtheiroccupants。
HewhosuppressesareligiousOrder，takesatownorcountry，or，infact，putsintooperationanyoftheforcesofthelawormilitarypower，alwaysexpects，nomatterhowexaltedbehismotivesatthestart，torecouphimselffromthetreasureoftheconquered。`Vaevictis\'，togetherwiththevestmentsofthechurch，theplainsong，andthesaints，cameasapaganheritagetothenewfaith，andhasbeenheldascanonlawsinceConstantinelookedattheskyandthoughthesawacross。
GreatmusthavebeenthedisgustoftheGovernortofindthespoilsopaltry，andnottohavethesatisfactionevenofsayingthattheJesuitshadhiddenalltheirgold，as，hisownmeasureshavingbeentakensecretly，theyhadnoknowledgeofwhatwasinthewind。InthecollegeofCordoba，esteemedtobeamineofwealth，wasfoundonlyninethousanddollars，
whichsumFerandoFabro，thecommissionersentbyBucarelitotakeovertheeffectsoftheJesuitsatCordoba，dulychroniclesinhisreport。
DeanFunes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil\'，etc。，vol。iii。，bookv。，cap。ix。
ButifthecollegeofCordoba1provedamiserableprey，therestillremainedtheJesuitmissionsontheUruguayandParana，withalltherichesoftheirfertileterritory，andtheenormouswealthwhicheverySpaniardfirmlybelievedtheJesuitshadacquired。
NoneoftheJesuits，eitherinBuenosAyres，Cordoba，SantaFe，Corrientes，orMonteVideohavingmadetheleastresistance，buthavingopenedwidetheirdoorstothesoldiers，whoinallthetownsonthesamedayattwoo\'clockinthemorningcametosignifytheirexpulsiontothem，itwasonlynaturaltothinkthatthesameconductwouldbeobservedinParaguay。ButGovernorsandGovernmentsneverseemintheleastaccessibletocommon
sense。Almostayearhadpassedbeforehepluckedupcourageforhisdangeroustask。2
HesetaboutitwithmorepreparationthaneitherCortezorPizarromadefortheconquestofMexicoorofPeru。HavingembarkedforSpaininthefrigate`LaEsmeralda\'onehundredandfiftyJesuitsfromthetownsofCordoba，BuenosAyres，MonteVideo，andSantaFe，hepreparedtomarchuponthemissions，whenasuspicionofresistancecausedhimtotakeprecautionswhichtheresultprovedquiteridiculous。
HesenttwohundredofthebestofthemilitiaofAsunciontooccupythefordsupontheTebicuari，3andabodyofequalstrengthtooccupytheportofSanMiguel。Allthesemeasuresbeingtakenforhissafety，theconquerorembarkeduponMay24，takingwithhimthreecompaniesofgrenadiersandsixtydragoons。HedisembarkedatthetownofSaltoontheUruguay，andfromthencedespatchedCaptainDonJuanFranciscodelaRivaHerreratooccupythetownsupontheParana。DonFranciscodeZabalawassenttoseizesixofthetownsupontheUruguay。Bucarelihimself，withseveralhundredmen，marcheduponYapeyu，4thesouthernmostofallthemissiontowns。
TheJesuits，however，gavenotroubletoanyofthetroops，andevenstoppedtheGovernorfromgatheringanylaurels，howeverwithered，withwhichtocrownhisarms。
1Thefinelibrarywasdispersed，andmanypricelessMSS。treatingofthediscoveryandconquest，andofexpeditionsbytheJesuitsamongsttribesofIndiansnowextinct，werelost。NothingseemstohavebeenpreservedexceptmatterwhichthedispersersthoughtmightproveincriminatingtotheJesuits。Itisawell
knownprincipletojudgeandcondemnaman，andthentosearchforevidenceagainsthim。
ThebookswerekeptinaplaceknownasLaGranjadeSantaCatalina，andamanofletters，Dr。DonAntonioAldao，waschargedtocatalogueandremitthemtothecapital。DeanFunessays(bookv。，cap。ix。，p。156)thathecompliedwithhisinstructions(`verifico/lafelizmenteyconarregloasusinstrucciones\')，but，anyhow，mostofthebookswerelost。Itisacommonphraseamongstdoctors，`Theoperationwasentirelysuccessful，butthepatientunfortunatelysuccumbed。\'Amongstthebookswasthecelebrated`MonitaSecreta\'，usedbyIbanezinhischarges(aftertheexpulsion)againsttheJesuits。
2DeanFunes(`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil\'，vol。iii。，cap。viii。)
seemstohavegaugedthefeelingsoftheGovernorwhenhesays:
`TemblodesustoBucareliconsiderandoenriesgounaconquista，quedebiaaumentarsugloriaysufortuna。\'`Sufortuna\'isdelicious，andshowsyourtrueconqueror\'smelancholy。
3TheTebicuariformsthenorthernboundarybetweentheterritoryofMisionesandtherestofParaguay。Itisalargeriver，andinmytime(1872
1875)wasbridgeless，andhadtobecrossedincanoes，whilstthehorsesswam，orweretowedbehindthecanoeswithropes。
4Yapeyuwasthelargestofallthemissions。ThenamesignifiesachiselinGuarani。
Asheadvancedfromtowntotown，thepriests，onhisarrivalateachplace，althoughlivinginthemidstofIndians，someofwhomwerearmed，andmanyofwhomhadservedtheKingofSpaininvariouswars，andallofwhomlookedontheJesuitsalmostasgods，cameoutandpeacefullygaveupthekeysofalltheirhouses，andsubmittedquietlytobemadeprisonersandbecarriedoffinchainsfromtheterritorieswhichtheyandtheirorderhadcivilizedandruledoveralmosttwohundredyears。Seventy
eightJesuitsandtheirprovincialsweresentprisonerstoBuenosAyres，andtheirplacesallfilledupwithotherprieststakenfromdifferentOrders，andnoneofwhomhadanyexperienceinmission
work。AsDeanFunestartlywrites，themiraclethatBucareliwished，butscarcelydaredtohopefor，hadtakenplace。TheJesuits，inParaguay，atleast，bytheirconductintheirlastpublicact，mostamplyvindicatedtheirloyaltytotheSpanishcrown。Nothingwouldhavebeeneasier，depletedastheviceroyaltywasatthetimeoftroops，
thantohavedefiedtheforceswhichBucarelihadathisdisposal，andtohavesetupaJesuitState，whichwouldhavetaxedtheutmostresourcesoftheSpanishcrowntoovercome。
NodoubttheveryfacilitywithwhichBucarelicarriedouthisplansconfirmedhiminhisownmindoftheirexpediency，formeningeneralarepronetothinkthatrightwhichtheyaccomplishwithsuccess。
However，bethatasitmay，hereturnedintriumphtoBuenosAyresonSeptember16，havingexpendedinhisexpeditionlessthanfourmonths。
SoinaquarterofayeartheJesuits，aftermorethantwohundredyearsofrule，wereallexpelledfromParaguay。
Bucareli，inalettertoElCondedeAranda(Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentosrelativosa/laExpulsiondelosJesuitas\'，Madrid，1872)，saysinreferencetotheperilsbywhichheimaginedhimselfsurrounded:
`Elmiserodiminutoestadodelatropa，porelatrasodesuspagasylafaltaqueencontre/decaudalesenestascajas，eraunaurgenciaquemeatormentaba。\'
Theymadenofight，norofferedanyresistance，lettingthemselvesbetakenasabutchertakesasheep，andthatsurroundedastheywerebyapopulationofupwardsofonehundredandfiftythousandsouls，cutoffbycountlessleaguesfromtheoutsideworld，defendedonthreesidesbyvirginforestsandbymarsheshardlypassabletoEuropeantroops。
OnewordfromtheProvincialwouldhavesetthemissionsinablaze。
Awordwouldhavebroughtcloudsofhorsemen
badlyarmed，\'tistrue，butknowingeveryfootofmarshandforest，allthedeep
beatentrackswhichwindintheredearthacrossthelonelyplains，thepassesoftherivers，springs，naturalfastnesses，andhavingthevariedknowledgeofacountrywhichofoldmadeBorderhorsemenandNorthumbrianprickersformidableupontheScottishmarches
intothefield。
ThedoggedParaguayanIndians，ancestorsoftheinfantrywhich，underLopez，1diedsobravelyunderthefireoftheBrazilianguns，would，intheirredcloaksandscantylinenclothes，havemarchedfrom`capilla\'2andfrommissionagainsttheenemiesofthe`father
priests\'。Seventy
eightJesuitsweremarchedofftoBuenosAyres，andthenshippedofftoEurope3
tojointheirfellows，whohadbeenbroughttogetherbytheministersofthemostliberalKingwhoeverfilledtheSpanishthronefromeveryquarteroftheworld。HavingexpelledtheJesuits，Bucareliwasboundbytheexigenciesofhispositiontocalumniatethem。Perhaps，asanofficial，hideboundinhisbeliefintheinalterablerightofGovernmentstocommitinjustices，hebelievedallthathewrote。Forthewelfareofhumanity，onecouldhopeheknewallthathewrotewasfalse。Whathopeisthereleftformankindaslongasaddle
headed，honestmenseenaughtbutjusticeinwhateverordertheyreceive?Betterathousandtimesaroguewhoknowsheisaroguethanagood，well
intentioned，blunderingmanquiteunawareheisafool。
1Thiswar，undertakenbyafool(Lopez)againstenormousodds，servedtoshowwhatapeopleevenwheninthewrong，andinabadcause，candowhenitbelievesitselftobefightingfornationalliberty。
Asamatteroffact，Paraguayanlibertywasnotthreatenedforaninstant，andLopezdeclaredwaragainstbothBrazilandtheArgentineRepublicoutofmereambitiontobeasecondNapoleon。Hissolitaryqualificationsforthecharacterwerethat，likehisprototype，hewasfatandlovedwomen。
Thewarcommencedin1865andfinishedin1870，andleftthecountryalmostadesert。Solonelywasit，thatIhaveofteninthosedaysseentigerscalmlywalkacrossaroadinmid
day，andashoutorapistol
shotbutlittlequickenedtheirmovements。
2`Capilla\'wasthenamegiveninParaguaytosomeofthesmallervillageswhichhadachapel，thechapel(`capilla\')beingmoreimportantthanthehouses。
3ElV。P。JosePignatelli，inhis`LaCompan~iadeJesusensuExtincionyRestablecimento\'，saysthattheParaguayanJesuitswereallsenttoFaenza。
But，still，hehadtojustifyhimselfeitheruponhisownaccountorforthebenefitofthatposteritytoconciliatewhichsomanypublicmenhavepalteredwiththetruth。SohisfirstcarewastoextractaletterfromthirtyIndianswhomhechosetodignifywiththetitleofthemayorsofthethirtytowns，firsthaving，ashesayshimselfinalettertotheCondedeAranda，theministerofCharlesIII。，dressedthemintheSpanishfashion，andtreatedtheminsuchawaythattheymightknowhowmuchtheirlothadbeenimproved。Theletter，writtenoriginallyinGuarani，
bearsuponeverylineofitthedictationoftheGovernor。
Afterafineparagraphofsalutations，itgoesontogivetheKingmanyandrepeatedthanks(`muchasyrepetidasgracias\')forhavingsenthisExcellencyCaptain
GeneralDonFranciscoBucareli，`whohasfulfilled，fortheloveofGodandfortheloveofyourMajesty，allthejustorderswhichyourMajestylaidtohischarge，aidingourpoverty，andclothinguslikegentlemen。\'Mostpeople，eventheheathen，likethosewhohelptheirpovertyandclothetheminthegarbofgentlemen。
IthadnotoccurredtothepoorIndiansthatthefineclothesmightturnoutliveries。ThemayorsallsigntheirIndiannames，whichseemstogivethelietotheaccusationthattheJesuitskeptthemignorant。Theletter，datedBuenosAyres，March10，1768，seemstoshowthattheIndians，betheywhotheymighthavebeen，werenotfreeagentsatthetimetheywrote。TheIndians\'letterdulydespatched，theGovernorinditedareport，inwhichhefairlyandwithcircumstancereiteratesalltheoldchargesagainsttheJesuitsinParaguaywhichtheinventivebrainofCardenashadfirstconceived；buttothemheaddsseverallittletouchesofhisown，whichshowhehadsomeobservationandanimaginativemind。
`CartadelGobernadordeBuenosAyres(Bucareli)alComtedeAranda\'。
Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentosRelativosalaExpulsiondelosJesuitos\'，p。8，Madrid，1872:`LeshicevestiralaEspan~olaasistiendolosytratandolosdemodoqueconozcanlamejoradesusuerte……\'
Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，etc。，p。101。Theletterisheaded`I。H。T。，OreReyNituDonCarlosTercero\'。
AmongsthisnumerousletterstoArandaandtotheKing，onedatedBuenosAyres，October14，1768，containsthefullestaccountofhisproceedingsinthemissionsandofhisviews(orofwhathethoughttobehisviews)abouttheworkinwhichhewasengaged。
Timewasofsmallaccountin1768eitherinParaguayorinMadrid，soBucarelirelateswithsomeprolixityallthathedid，withcomments，movementsoftroops，regrettableoccurrences
aswhenhissoldiersletthemselvesbesurprisedandlosttheirhorses
andnowandthenscrapsofmoralityandtheology，whichshowsquiteplainlythattheartofwritingmaunderingdespatchesisnotsonewasoptimistsmayhavesupposed。Quiteinthemannerofamodernspecialcorrespondent，hesetsdownallthathesufferedfromtheweather；thatitrainedincessantly，and，marvelloustotell，thatafterraintheriversrose，andgavehimdifficultytocross。Theroadswerebad，provisionsscarceanddear，andnowandthenwildIndians`massacred\'
anoutpostofhismen，whilsthisbravefellows，whenGodwilledit，occasionally`chastised\'theinfidel，andbythegraceofHeavenslewnosmallnumberofthem。Still，inthemonstrousfarragoofwords，extendingtosomesixteenpagesofcloseprint，heletsusseehewasamanofsomecapacity，butleavesitdoubtfulwhetherhereallythoughthewasengageduponanoblework，orifhewroteironically，orifhisonlyobjectwastosatisfyhisconscienceandhisKing。
ButmakingmuchoflittledifficultiesisbuttobeexpectedfromaleaderofanexpeditionorfromaGeneralinthefield。Withoutit，howcouldtheyjustifytheirexistence，orprovetotheworldatlargethattheywereneeded，orbutmoreimportantthanamereceremony?
Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，etc。，p。185。
Ceremonies，nodoubt，havetheirusesinenslavingmankind。AcourtieroncesaidtoaSpanishKing，`YourMajestyisbutaceremonyyourself。\'
Whenthelandtroublesweregotover，andBucareli，havingarrivedatYapeyu，embarkedupontheriver，theverywindsprovedcontrary，sothatittookhimmanydaystoarriveatCandelaria，whichporthereacheduponAugust27，1768。ButbeforequittingYapeyutheGovernormadeasolemnfeast，ridinghimselfbeforehisgrenadiers，whosecaps，hesays，causedmuchamazement，theIndiansneverhavingseensuchheadgearintheirlives。Thedifficultiesofhisjourneyover，theJesuitsdispossessedandsentdown
streamtoberemittedhome，Bucareliinhisletternextdealswithquestionsofreligion，aboutwhichheshowshimselfaswellinformedasalltheSpanishconquerorsseemtohavebeenintheNewWorld。Ifforthedogmaofthefaithhewasabarofiron，for`coldmorality\'，asScottishpreachersoftheperfervidtypeusedtorefertoit，hewasmostkeen。TheIndians\'clothes，especiallythegraceful`tupoi\'wornbythewomen，shockedhimexceedingly。
Itwasimpossibletotouchuponitwithoutanoutrageuponmodesty。
Masculinevirtueisamostprecariousthing，butlittle，ifatall，morestablethanitsfemalecounterpart；thereforeperhapstheGovernorwasrightnottoexposehissoldierstotemptation，sohedidwell，asheinformsus，inservingoutclotheswhichobscuredtheircharms，orperhapshidthemquitefromview。`Suchtyrannies，\'
saysthemodestGovernor，`occasionedmanyoffencesagainstGod，andfrequentillnessesandepidemics。\'Thesentenceisalittledoubtfulinitsmeaning，forifascantinessofwomen\'sdressoccasionedillnessesandepidemicsamongstthepopulationofatown，BelgraviaandMayfairshouldsurelybethemostunhealthyspotsonearth；
thougheventhere，Iverilybelieve，nomoreoffencesagainstGodoccurthanamongsttheMoors，whosewomenshowonlytheireyestotheshrinkinggazeofeasilyoffendedmen。
LettertoAranda:Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，p。196:
`Ylasmujeresentalextremo，queesimpossibledemostralosinfaltaralamodestia。\'
`Semejantestiranias\'。
Asindutybound，BucarelikeptfortheendofhisdespatcharehashofalltheoldchargesmadeagainsttheJesuits。
TheykepttheIndiansinslavery，wouldneverletthemlearnSpanish，andwerethemselvesinordinatelyrich。ThefirsttwoaccusationsFatherJoseCardiel，inhis`DeclaraciondelaVerdad\'，abundantlydisproves。ThelasttheGovernordisproveshimself；
forhadhefoundmuchtreasurehemostassuredlywouldhavemadehastetosendittotheKing。Whathedidfind，areferencelatertoBrabo\'sinventorieswillshow，andthesamesourcedisclosesallthewealththerichestOrderintheworld，accordingtotheirenemies，tookwiththemintheirinvoluntaryjourneybacktoSpain。
AllbeingfinishedinthemissionsandtheJesuitsexpelled，BucarelifoundhimselfobligedtoinstitutesomesystemforthegovernmentoftheIndianpopulation，whichhehaddeprivedbothofitsspiritualandofitstemporalguides。
P。222:`YteniendopresentequeporloquemiraaestepuntoresultadelosinformesquesolohablanestosIndiossuidiomanatural，peroquenoesprohibiciondelosPP。Jesuitos，sinoporelamorquetienenasunativolenguagepuesencadaunodelospuebloshanestablecidoesculasdeleeryescriberenlenguaespan~ola，yqueporestemotivoseencuentraunnumerograndedeIndiosmuyhabilesenescribir(dosdeellosetancopiandohoraestoqueyoescriboydemejorletraquelamia)。\'Alsopp。223
225，etc。
TheJesuits\'governmenthavingbeensobad，accordingtohisowndespatch，theIndianshavingbeenkeptinsuchamiserablestate，theireducationhavingbeensoneglected，and，aboveall，theirwomenhavingbeendressedinsuchlightattirethatBucarelicouldnotwithmodestyevendescribetheirdress，itmighthaveseemedbutnaturalthatheshouldhaveevolvedsomesystemofgovernmentdifferinginallrespectsfromthathehaddestroyed。Sofarfromthat，inhisinstructionstohisinterimsuccessor，datedatCandelaria，August23，1768，hepracticallyfollowedslavishlyallthepolicywhichtheJesuitshadpursued。HeorderedCaptainsRivaHerreraandBrunodeZavala，towhomthearrangementswerecommitted，toseethattheIndianswereinstructed`inthetrueknowledgeofourholyfaith\'，aworkwhichtheJesuits，whatevermightbetheirfaults，hadnotneglectedtoinsure。
Aftersomeplatitudesastothevivifyingeffectsoffreeandopentrade，andaninjunctiontohiscaptainstotakecaretheIndiangirlsweredecorouslyandvirtuouslydressed，helaunchedintoasermonabouthonestwork，which，ashesaid，wouldmaketheIndiansrich，happy，andvirtuous，andalonecouldevermakeakingdomprosper；
infact，heusedalmostpreciselysimilarlanguagetothatto
dayusedbyaEuropeanGovernorinAfricawhenabouttomakeapeopleslaves。
Onthewhole，however，hisinstructionswerewiseandliberal，andhadtheybeencarriedoutinthesamespirit，andwithfidelity，theIndiansmighthavelongcontinuedinthesamehalf
Arcadian，half
ChristianstateinwhichtheJesuitsleftthem，andtowhichitseemstheycouldattain，butnotgofartherwithoutexposuretothatvivifyingcommercewithoutwhichnationscannotprosper，butwithwhichthegreaterportionoftheircitizensmustremaineverslaves。
Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，etc。，p。200。
Theinstructionsgiven，heleftthemissionsnevertoreturn，leavingbehindhimthereputationofanhonestman，havingmade，asitwouldappear，nomoneyduringhissojournintheirterritories。
OnOctober20，1768，hewrotefromBuenosAyrestoAranda，tellinghimthathisworkwasdone，andaskinghimasaparticularfavourtoimploretheKingtogivehimsomeemployment`outofAmerica，andparticularlynotundereitherthesecretaryshiportheCounciloftheIndies。\'1
Thusitappearsthateithertheworkinwhichhehadbeenengagedwasuncongenialtohim，orhemistrustedthefutureandtheIndianswhentheJesuits\'shelteringhandshadbeenwithdrawn，andthoughttheKingmightblamehimforwhatwassuretocome。
Onepassageinhisletterofinstructionsshowsthattheantique，butstillcurrent，fashionofgoingtoanylengthtoobtainacountryinwhicharesituatedevensupposititiousgold
mineshaditsinfluenceevenwithsuchanhonestmanasBucareliwas。Hespeciallyenjoinsupontheofficialsleftincharge`tofindoutfromwhatquartertheIndiansofthosetownsextractthosepiecesofthepreciousmetalswhichtheysometimesbringtotheirpriests。\'SothatthefableofthefalseminesstartedbyCardenas，althoughathousandtimesdisproved，stilllingeredinthemindsofthosewhocouldnotunderstandwhatmotiveexceptthatofgrowingrichcouldcausetheJesuitstoburythemselvesintherecessesoftheParaguayanwoods。ThereleasefromthingsAmericanandunderthejurisdictionoftheCounciloftheIndiesdidnotcometoBucareliforalmosttwomoreyears，duringwhichtimehestruggledmanfullywiththeaffairsoftheJesuitmissions，repelledtheChacoIndiansononeside，andontheotherimploredfortroopstodefendtheislandofChiloeagainstthehereticEnglish，whoatthattimeappeartohavebeenmeditatingtheadvancementoftheirempireintheextremestsouth。OnecuriousletterwasreservedforBucarelitoinditebeforehequittedBuenosAyresforthelasttime。
OnJanuary15，1770，hesentalongdeclarationsignedbythecelebratedNicolasNeenguiruandotherIndians，givinganaccountofthepartplayedbyhimintheabortiveresistancewhichhemadeagainstthecessionoftheseventowns。ThisisthelasttimethatNicolas，the`King\'ofParaguayand`EmperoroftheMamelucos\'，appearsinanydocumentasfarasIcanfind。HisnameatonetimewaswellknowninParaguay，theRiverPlateandSpain，andservedtofathermanyliesupon；andatthelast，theJesuitsgone，heseemstohaveturnedagainstthem，andsaidallthatwasrequiredbyBucarelitogetuphiscase。
ItappearsfromBucareli\'sletterthatthefamilyoftheNeenguiruhadbeenwellknowninthemissionsfromthetimeofCardenas。
In17702wefindhimshornofhiskinglyandimperialdignities，themayorofConcepcioninParaguay，tall，taciturn，withlong，lankhair，andmuchrespectedbyhisbrotherIndians，whoheldhisstirrupforhimwhenhegotuponhishorse。TofindhiminthehumourtogivetongueabouttheJesuitswasatrump
cardinBucareli\'shand，forifitcouldbeprovedthatin1750theyhadresistedtheforcesofthecrownofSpain，thepublic，alwaysanxioustobelievealie，wouldnaturallyapplaudtheactionoftheKingintheirexpulsionfromhisterritories。Nicolas，whoseemstohavebeenbutapoorcreatureatthebest，testifiedthateverythingwhichhehaddoneasGeneraloftheIndianswasbytheorderofFathersLimpandEnnis，andthathewasapoorIndianwhodidbutthatwhichhewastold。
HefinisheduphistestimonywiththankstothegoodKingforhavingtakenhimoutofthepoweroftheJesuits，andkepthiminhispostofmayoratConcepcion。Infact，allwasthesametohimaslongashewasleftwithhisalcalde\'sstaff。3
1`Ysobretodo，fueradelaAmericaylibredeSecretariayConsejodeIndias。\'Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，etc。:
LetterofBucarelitoAranda，p。231。
2Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，etc。，p。280。
3ThealcaldesofIndianvillagesusuallyhavealongcanewithasilverhead，likethoseformerlycarriedbyfootmen，asabadgeoftheiroffice。InremoteplacesIhaveseenthem，withtheircanesintheirhands，abatteredtallhatupontheirheads，alinenjacketandtrousers，andbarefooted，ridingonanox，andthoughtthattheyservedtomaintainthemajestyofthelawquiteaswellasiftheyhadhadstuffgowns，horsehairwigs，andhadbeenseatedonasackofwool。
UponAugust14，1778，BucarelisailedforSpain，leavingDonJuanJoseVertizashissuccessorintheviceroyaltyoftheprovincesoftheRiverPlate。
ThemissionswereallplacedunderthecareoffriarsofthebeggingOrders，chieflyFranciscans，andthesystemoftheJesuitgovernmentwasleftunchanged。In1771，writingfromSanLorenzo(elEscorial)inSpain，Bucareli，whoseemedfatednevertoescapefromtheaffairsofParaguay，sendsalongconstitutionforthethirtytownswhichfollowsalltheJesuits\'
rulesofgovernmenttothelasttittleoftheirpolicy。Brabohaspreservedthedocument，whichrunstoforty
sevenpagesofcloseprintinitsentirety。
Acarefullythought
outandwell
conceiveddigestofaconstitutionitmostcertainlyis，andyetitfollowstothemostminuteparticularthepolicytheJesuitslaiddown。
DeanFunesseemedtoseethattheflatteringofNicolasNeenguiruandtheotherIndianchiefswasanentireaffairofartifice，andthatitwasbutamerecrowningofthevictimswhoweredestinedtobesacrificed。ItmaybethattheconstitutionmadebyBucareliattheEscorialwassimilarlybutablindtokeeptheIndiansquiettilltheGovernmenthadtimetoexploitthematitsease。
Still，Bucareliinallhisactionsseemstohavebeenanhonestman；
oneofthosehonest，narrow
mindedmenwhohavesownmoremiseryintheworldthanalltheroguesandscoundrelssincetheflood。Beallthatasitmay，hisconstitutioninathousandwaysrecalledtheJesuits\'polityintheirdaysofrule。InaformerchapterIhavepointedoutacuriousinstanceinwhichthisconstitutiontraversesentirelystatementsmadebytheJesuits\'enemiesthattheirexclusivepolicywasfortheirownends，andnot，astheyalleged，fortheprotectionoftheIndians。
ButthereareotherinstancesquiteasremarkablewhichshowthattheJesuitsnotonlyhadgraspedperfectlywhatthebestcourseoftreatmentwasfortheirsubjects，butthattheofficialmindofBucareli，trainedashewas，sotospeak，inthestrictestsectofPharisees，andprejudicedagainsttheJesuitsineveryway，yetdiscernedclearlyasanhonestmanthattheplantheyhadlaiddownwasthemostsuitableforfuturerulerstopursue。
Vol。iii。，bookv。，cap。viii。，p。130(`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay\'，etc。):`LosCaciquesycorregidoresqueacompan~abanaBucareli，habiansidoalhagadosportodoslosartificiosdesugestion。
Estoa/laverdad，noeramasquecoronarlasvictimas，quesedestinabanalsacrificio。\'
ChapterIX。
AtthetimeofforminghisconstitutionhehadbeengonebutscarceayearfromBuenosAyres，andyethewritescomplainingbitterlyofwhatwashappeninginthemissionsofParaguay。Hepointsoutthatallhistroublewillhavebeeninvain`iftheGovernorandhislieutenantsarenotstimulatedtoaddressthemselvestotheserviceofGodandoftheKing，withthatzealwhicheveryoneshouldimparttohisduty。\'
Then，afterapuffpreliminaryofthebeautyoffreedom，humanandDivine，hesetsforthhowtheIndiansareinfuturetoberuled。
First，asindutybound，hepointsoutthatanythingsavouringofcommunismisagainstthelawsofHeavenandofman；thattheIndiansintheirsemi
communismwerereallyslaves，theindustriousworkingfortheidle，andsoforth；thattheirclotheswerescanty；
thattheywerenotallowedtofreelymixwithSpaniards，andwerekeptaraceapart。Thenlikeaprudentstatesmanhavingmadehisapologia`proexistentiasua\'，andblownoffmuchvirtuoussteam，hecomestobusiness，andbusiness，asweknow，isthegreatsobereroftheorists，nomatteronwhatsidetheytheorize。
Brabo，p。304。
AfterthearticletowhichIhavereferredinChapterIX。comesthismostcuriousparagraph，takeninconnectionwiththeinalienablerightwhich，accordingtohimself，theIndianshadoffreecommunicationwiththeouterworld:1`AndbecauseIaminformedthatmanyIndianswhohavebeenabsentinthearmyofthePortuguese，andhaveresidedforlengthenedperiodsinRioPardo，Viamontandotherparts，havereturnedtotheirtowns，youwilltakecarethatallthesewiththeirfamiliesshallberemovedtothose(towns)eitherintheinteriorordistantfromthosefrontiers，asitisnotconvenientthattheyshouldremainonthem(thefrontiers)orclosetothem；
andthusyouwillproceedsuccessivelywiththeIndianswhoreturn，withoutleavingone，inordertoavoidanychanceofcommunication，whichmightbemostprejudicial。\'SurelyasatireonhisownabuseoftheJesuitsforkeepingtheIndiansmewedupfromintercoursewiththeoutsideworld。ItmaybethathehadperceivedtheIndianswerenotfittoholdtheirown；indeed，itiscertainhehaddoneso，foronp。326hewrites，`Itisnotconvenienttoleavethem(theIndians)
entireliberty，2foritwouldbeintheextremefatalandprejudicialtotheirinterests，becausetheastutenessandsagacityoftheSpaniardswouldtriumpheasilyovertheirrusticity。\'`Sagacity\'isaningeniouseuphuism，andmightwellbeusedwithgoodeffectinthelikecircumstances，whenoccasionserves，to
day。
ButasnosinglearticleofanydocumentsetforthbyanyGovernmentcanbestraightforwardandsingleinitspurpose，andasalllawsaremadewithaneyeuponsomepartypresentlyinpower，aftertheparagraphjustquoted，onthenextpageoccursthefollowingsentenceundertheheadof`CommercewiththeSpaniardsistobefree\'。3
`ItislaiddownthatbetweentheIndiansandtheSpaniardscommerceshouldbefree，inorderthatmutualdealingsshouldunitetheminfriendship。\'Thereforetotheordinaryminditisimpossibletomakeoutwhatreallywasintended，andwhethercommercewastobefreeornot。Thoselittledifferencesapart，theconstitutionranentirelyuponJesuitlines。Thatsemi
communismwhichwassoprejudicialduringtheJesuits\'rulewasformallyre
organizedinchapteriv。oftheconstitution(p。343)theinstantthattheirpowerwasplacedinotherhands。EventheprohibitiontotheSpaniardstoentertheJesuittowns，andresidethere，wasformallykeptupinchapteriii。，withthesolealterationthatforthreemonthsoftheyeartheymightresideamongsttheIndiansoncertainwell
definedconditionsmostprolixlysetforth。Sothatitwillbeseenthat，iftheJesuitsdidill，asusual，anyilltheydidwascarefullyperpetuatedbytheirsuccessors，and，quiteasnaturally，allthattheystrovetodoinfavouroftheIndianswasmostcarefullyundone。
1Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，p。320:`YporqueestoyinformadoquemuchosIndiosdelosquesehabianausentadoconlastropasPortuguesas，yquehanresididoporgrantiempoenelRioPardo，Viamont，yotraspartessehanrestituidoasuspueblos，ciudaran……dequetodosestosconsusfamiliesserantrasladosalosmasinterioresodistantesdeaquellasfronteraspornoserconvenientesemantenganenellasosusinmediaciones，yasienlosucesivoloejecutaran……conlosIndiosqueserestituyan，sindejaralguno，paraevitartodomotivodecommunicacionquepuedesermuyprejudicial。\'
2`Noconvienedejarlesunaenteralibertad，queseriaporextremofatalyprejudiciala/susinteresespueslaastuciaysagacidaddelosespan~olestriumfariafacilementedesurudeza。\'
3Brabo，`Bucareli\'sInstructions\'，p。327:`Queelcommerciodelosespan~oleshadeserlibre。\'
ChapterXI
ConclusionItisthefashionofsometosaythathistory，ofwhatevernature，canbutbewrittendispassionatelyataperiodsufficientlyremovedfromtheeventsofwhichittreatstohaveallowedtheheatofpassiontoevaporate。Thisisasfalseasalmosteveryotherdictumwhichmentakeontrust，forgettingthattohavepassedintotheproverbialstageasayingmusthavebeenfoolishatthestart，inorderthatitshouldhavegotitselfcommendedbythemajorityofmankind。
Theheatofpassionneverevaporatesinregardtoeventswhichattheepochoftheiractingcausedgreatcontroversies。
Fromwritingsofcontemporariesthecoolest
headedtakeabias，inthesamewaythatmenunconsciouslypassonthemicrobesofdiseasetotheirbestfriends。Onlyfrominventoriesandrollsofcourt，StatePapersandthelikeisitpossibletogetunbiassedmatter，andeventhenfigures，thosechiefdeceiversofmankind，canbewellcookedfororagainst，accordingtothebiasofthemanwhodrawsthemup。Still，whentheyaredrawnupbyenemies，theyoftenquiteunwittinglyshowoutthetruth。InaletterdatedOctober30，1768，BucarelisendsalisttoArandaoftheeffectsofmanyoftheJesuitstakenfromParaguayandsentbyhimtoSpain。ThelistitselfspeaksvolumesindefenceoftheJesuitsinParaguay。Whatevermayhavebeentheirfaults，theGovernorhimself(orevenCharlesIII。)couldnothavechargeduponthecapturedprieststhattheyhadgottogetheralargestockofpropertyduringtheirmissionlife。1Thefirstuponthelist，P。PedroZabaleta，tooktenshirts，twopillow
cases，twosheets，threepocket
handkerchiefs，twopairsofshoes，twopairsofsocks，andapoundandahalfofsnuff。
Theotherswereingenerallesswellsetupwithshirts，2somefewhadcloaks，andone(P。SigismundoGriera)anightcap；butallofthemhadtheirsnuff，theonlyrelicoftheirluxuriousmissionlife。
ManuelVergara，theirProvincial，testifiesinapapersentwiththelistthatmostoftheclothesweretakenfromthecommonstock，andallthesnuff。Whatsortoftreatmenttheyenduredupontheirpassageinthetwofrigates`SanFernando\'and`SanNicolas\'isquiteunknown，butcertainlytheirluggagecouldnothavebeenintheway；
andfortheirsnuff，nodoubttheyhusbandeditwithcareduringthelongtwomonths，whichinthosedayswasthoughtarecordrun。3
Inthemissionswhichtheyhadsolongtendedwithsuchcare，givingtheirmuddle
headedlovetotheIndiansintheirMachiavelianway，allwasconfusioninthespaceofsixshortmonths。
DeanFunesandDonFelizdeAzara4aretheonlytwocontemporarywriterswhotreatoftheexpulsionoftheJesuitsfromParaguayoutsidetheofficialworld。TheDean，amanoftheoldschool，waskindlyandhumane，welleducated，and，havingbeenbroughtupinTucumanamongstanIndianpopulation，lookedontheIndiansinakindlywayasfellow
creatures，thoughdifferinginessentialpointsfromraceswhichhadbeenforcenturiesexposedtocivilizationanditseffects。
HisdescriptionoftheIndianshasforveracityandobservationnotoftenbeensurpassed。`Thosenatives5(hesays)areofapalecolour，wellmade，andwellsetup。Theirtalentandcapacityarecapableofmuchadvancement。Thoughtheylackinventioninthemselves，yetaretheyexcellentinimitation。Idlenessseemsnaturaltothem，althoughitmaybemoretheeffectofhabitthanoftemperament；
theirinclinationtowardsacquiringknowledgeisdecided，andnoveltyhasitsfulleffectupontheirminds。Ambitiousofcommand，theyacquitthemselveswithhonourinthepositionstowhichtheymayattain。
Eloquenceisheldamongsttheminthefirstplace，andavariceinnorespectdegradestheirminds。Aninjuriouswordoffendsthemmorethanpunishments，whichtheysolicitratherthanundergotheformeroutrage。
Incontinencyintheirwomentheylookuponbutwithindifference，andevenhusbandsarelittlesensibletoactsofinfidelity。
Conjugallovehasbutslightinfluenceuponthetreatmentwhichtheygivetheirwives。Fathersoffamiliescarefortheirsonsbutlittle。TheserenityofmindofalltheseIndiansinthemidstofthegreatesttroublesiswithoutequalintheworld；
neverasighwiththemtakesoffthebitternessofsuffering。\'
1TheParaguayanJesuitswereallowedtotakeawayalltheirpersonalproperty，anditappearsthattheydidso。
2CayetanoIbarguenhadonlytwo，P。LorenzoBaldathree，andsoon(Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos\'，p。388)。
3Solateas1818Rengger，inhis`EssaiHistoriquesurlaRe/volutionduParaguay\'，etc。，talksofarrivinginBuenosAyres`apre\\suncourttrajetdesoixantejours。\'FromthencetoCorrienteshetooksevenweeks，butdoesnotsayifthepassagewasconsideredshortorlong。
4Funes，`EnsayoCriticodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay\'，etc。；
DonFelizdeAzara，`DescripcionyHistoriadelParaguay\'，etc。；
andalso`MemoriassobreelestadoruraldelRiodelaPlataen1801\'。
5`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil\'，vol。i。，bookii。，p。341。
NoonewhoknowstheIndiansbutmustconfessthatDeanFuneshadmadeastudyoftheircharacterdeeperthanishisown。
Azara，ontheotherhand，wasamanofscience；hisbooksuponthebirdsandquadrupedsofParaguaystillholdthefield，andareesteemedforcuriousandminuteobservationandaccuracyastoscientificfacts。Themanhimselfwasanextremelyablewriter，acaptainintheSpanishnavy，andwelleducated。
FortwentyyearsheservedinParaguayandintheRiverPlate，withcredittohimselfandprofittothecountrywhichheserved。
EducatedashewasintheschooloftheEncyclopaedists，amongstthestrictestofthephariseesofLiberalism，tohimtheverynameofJesuitwasanathema。Afterthefashionofhiskind，heseemedunabletodistinguishbetweentheschemingJesuitsatEuropeancourtsandthesimpleandhard
workingmissionariesinParaguay。
Allwereanathema，andthereforealltheirsystemwasrepugnanttohim；
andthoughakindlyman，asissetforthabundantlyinallhisworks，heneverpausedtothinkthattherecouldbeadifferencebetweenhisidealfreeLiberalcitizen，votingandexercisingallhisrightofcitizenshipinafreecommonwealth，afterthefashionofadormousefreelyexercisinghisnaturalfunctionsinthereceiverofanair
pump，andasimpleIndianoftheParaguayanwoods。
Freedomtohim，asithasbeentomanytheorists，wasanabstractthing，possessingwhichaman，eventhoughstarving，mustinitsmerepossessionfindtruehappiness。Heneverpausedtoinquire，asevenBucarelidid，ifthemissionIndianscouldholdtheirownunderfreecompetitionwiththe`sagacity\'ofthesurroundingSpanishsettlers。
ThereforeheistheauthoritywhomLiberalsalwaysquoteagainstthesystemoftheJesuits。Whenheinveighsagainsttheirsemi
communism，themodernLiberalclapshishands，andseesakindredDanielcometojudgment，ashewoulddoto
dayifinDamaralandtheGermanssetupaSocialisticsettlementamongstthenegrotribes，andsomeLiberaleconomistdenounceditwithanoath。Azaraquiteforgetsthat，asDeanFunessays，the`sentimentofpropertywasveryweakamongsttheIndians，\'
andthattheirmindswere`notdegradedbytheviceofavarice。\'
Still，Azarawasanhonestman
akeenobserverandimpartial，asfarashisupbringingandthetenetshehadimbibedinyouthpermittedhimtobe。UponthequestionoftheJesuitshewasentirelyprejudiced，althoughfewhavestoodupmorestoutlytocondemnthefaultysystemwhichtheSpaniardspursuedtowardstheIndiansinbothAmericas。ButonaccountofhispoliticalproclivitiesAzaraisquitesilentastothestateintowhichthemissionsfellaftertheJesuitshadbeenexpelled。Nodoubthethoughtthat，oncetheirfaultysystemwasremoved，theIndianswouldsoonbecomewhathejudgedcivilized，andholdtheirownwiththosearoundthem，thoughofanotherraceandblood。
Funes，uponthecontrary，fullyexposesalltherapacityandincompetenceofthenewshepherdsleftbyBucarelitoguardtheJesuits\'sheep。
`IgnorantofGuarani，andwithoutpatiencetoacquireit，confusionreignedinthemissionsasinatowerofBabel，\'
andhegoesontosay`animperioustoneoforderwassubstitutedforthepaternalmanner(oftheJesuits)，andasadeafmanwhocannothearhastobetaughtbyblows，thatwastheteachingthey(theIndians)
hadtobear。\'Shortly，hesays，`awallofhatredandcontemptbegantorisebetweentheIndiansandtheirmasters；andthepriests，whobythevirtueoftheirofficeoughttohavebeentheministersofpeace，beingwithoutinfluencetocommand……andnotentirelyirreproachableintheirministry……addedthemselvestothediscordanddissensionwhicharose。\'
Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil\'，etc。，bookv。，cap。viii。，p。133。
Bucareli，assoonasheknewwhatwasgoingon，advisedthatallthepriestsappointedbyhimselfshouldbereplacedbyothers。Thisaccordinglywasdone，butitwaseventhentoolate:themissionswentfrombadtoworse；
ofthevastquantitiesofcattlefewwereleft；thepriestsfollowedtheexampleoftheirprototypesHofniandPhineas，wentaboutarmed，tookIndianmistresses，andneglectedallreligiousduties，treatingtheIndiansafterthefashionoftheSpaniardsinthesettlements。
ThustheArcadianlife，whichhadsubsistedmorethantwohundredyears，inthebriefspaceoftwoshortyearswaslost。
Thevastestancias，inwhichattheexpulsionmorethanamillionheadofcattlepastured，werebutbareplains，inwhichthecattlethatwerelefthadallrunwildorperishedfromneglect。
Wildbeastsroamedroundtheoutskirtsofthehalf
desertedtowns。
Adenselowscrubofyataisandofpalmettosinvadedallthepasture
lands，andintheerstwhilecultivatedfieldsrankweedssprangup，andchokedthecropswhichintheJesuits\'timeshadmadethemissionterritoriesthemostproductiveoftheAmericanpossessionsoftheSpanishcrown。
Thechurcheswereunserved，andintheeveningairnomorethehymnsresounded，nordidthelongwhite
robedprocessionsheadedbyacrosspasstothefieldstopeacefullabour，marshalledbytheirpriests。Thefruit
treesroundthemissionswereeitherallcutdownforfirewoodorhaddegenerated，andtheplantationsoftheIlexParaguayensis，fromwhichtheymadetheir`yerba\'，whichhadbeenbroughtfromtheup
countryforestswithvastpains，wereindecay，andquiteuncultivated。
Brabo，`Inventarios\'，Appendix，p。669。
Demersay(`HistoireduParaguay\')，writingin1847，saysofthemissionofLaCruzhesawafewtreesstillstandinginamiserablestate。
TheIndianpopulationhadalmostdisappearedwithinthespaceofeight
and
twentyyears。TheGuaraniscollectedfromthewoodswithsomuchefforttothemissionary，thenguideddowntheParanabythemostnobleandself
sacrificingoftheirpriests，RuizMontoya，andafterthatredeemedwithbloodfromthefierceMamelucobands，hadshrunkawaybeforethebanefulbreathofunaccustomedcontactwiththecivilizingwhites。
Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil\'，etc。，bookvi。，cap。viii。，p。395。
Thesimpleceremonious，ifperhapsfutile，mission
lifehadwitheredupatthefirsttouchofvivifyingcompetition
thatcompetitionwhichhasmadethewholeworldgray，reducingeverythingandeveryonetothemostbaseandcommonestdenominator。
Theself
createdgoddessProgresswasjustifiedbyworks，andallthelandleftbarren，waitingthetimewhenfactoriesshallpolluteitssky，andrendermiserabletheEuropeanemigrants，who，flyingfromtheirslaveryathome，shallhavefounditwaitingforthemintheirnewparadisebeyondtheseas。
Theworld，itwouldappear，isavastclass
room，anditsCreatorbutaprofessorofpoliticaleconomy，apparentlyunabletocarryouthistheorieswitheffect。Therefore，tous，theWesternEuropeans，hehasturnedforhelp，anduponusdevolvedthetaskofextirpatingallthosepeoplesuponwhomhetriedhis\'prenticehand。Onushelaidinjunctionstoincreaseathome，andtothehappierportionsoftheworldtocarrydeathundertheguiseoflifeunsuitabletothoseintowhoselandswespread。
LetthosemadecruelbythewantofsympathywithmenthatthemereporingoverbookssooftensuperinducesinthemindprotestwhenjudgingoftheJesuitsinParaguayagainsttheoutragedonetotheirtheoriesbytheschemetheJesuitspursued。
Ithasbeennoblysaid`thattheextinctionofthesmallestanimalisafargreaterlossthaniftheworksofalltheGreekshadperished。\'
HowmuchthegreaterlossthatofatypeofmansuchastheIndians，whomthesemi
communisticJesuitgovernmentsuccessfullypreserved，shelteringthemfromthedeath
dealingbreathofourcoldnorthernlifeanditsfull，felleffects!
Hudson，`NaturalistinLaPlata\'。
Therearethose，nodoubt，whothinkthatatreebroughtfromthetropicsshouldbeplantedoutathome，totakeitschanceoflifeinthekeenwinterofthenorth，inholycompetitionwiththeashandoak；
andifitdies，therearestillpinesenough，withstoresofdogwood，thicketsofelder，andawildernessofjunipers。Theymayberight；
but，afterall，thatwhichhasfeltthetropicsunisforthetropics，andtogrowunderthetantalizingsunshineofthenorth，whichlightsbutdoesnotwarm，itmusthaveglass，andshelterfromthecold。
Butofaforethoughttodeliberatelytransplantourfogsandchillingatmosphere，andsotonipandkillplantswhichcraveonlythesuntolive，thatisacrimeagainsthumanity；
acrimeposteritywithexecrationwillonedaytauntuswith，andholdusuptoexecration，asweto
dayinourhypocrisypiouslycursethememoriesofPizarroandCortes。
Intheeternalwarfarebetweenthosewhothinkthatprogress
whichtothemmeanstramwaysandelectriclight
ispreferabletoaquietlifeoffutilehappinessofmindthereisscanttruce，sothatmyreadershavetotaketheirchoicewhethertosidewithFunesorAzarainjudgingoftheJesuits\'ruleinParaguay。Thereisnomiddlecoursebetweentheoldandnew；nohalting
place；nochinkinwhichimaginationcandriveinitsnailtostopthewheelsoftime；therefore，nodoubt，theJesuitcommonwealthwasdoomedtodisappear。Butformyself，Iamgladthatfive
and
twentyyearsagoIsawtheIndianswhostilllingeredabouttheruinedmissiontowns，mumblingtheirmaimedriteswhentheAngelusateventideawoketheechoesoftheencroachingwoods，whilstscreechingcrowdsofparrotsandmacawshoveredaroundthedate
palmswhichintheplazarearedtheirslenderheads，silentmemorialsofthedepartedJesuits\'rule。
IndiansandJesuitsaregonefromParaguay，theIndianstothatTrapalandawhichistheirappointedplace；andfortheJesuits，theyareforgotten，exceptbythosewhodiveintooldchronicles，orwhowritebooks，proposingsomethingandconcludingnothing，orbytravellers，who，wanderingintheTarumensianwoods，comeonaclumpoforange
treesrunwildamongsttheurundeys。
FINISNONCORONATOPUS
Abouttheauthor:
RobertBontineCunninghameGraham(1852
1936)
BorninLondon。LivedinArgentina，mostlyranching，from1869to1883，whenhereturnedtoScotland。MemberoftheBritishHouseofCommonsforNorthWestLanark(1886
1892)。Strongsocialisttendencies。
WaselectedfirstpresidentoftheScottishLabourPartyin1888，firstpresidentoftheNationalPartyofScotlandin1928，andfirstHonoraryPresidentoftheScottishNationalPartyin1934。
DiedinArgentina。Hewasthemodelforanumberoffictionalcharactersinbooksbyhisfriend，JosephConrad，andalsobyG。
