第3章

Jealousyandprovincialfeelingsplacedthissuggestionabsolutelybeyonddiscussion。Disagreements，frictions，andconstantcivilwarwouldhaveensuedifanyattempthadbeenmadetoestablishaChinesedynasty。 AnotherfactisthatalargemajorityoftheintelligentpeopleofChinaweredisgustedwiththesystemofmonarchialgovernment。 ThusitwillbeseenthatforthesakeofthepeaceandwelfareofthenationtherewasnoothercourseforthepeoplebuttotakealongjumpandtoestablishthepresentRepublic。ThelawofevolutionhasbeenveryactivelyatworkinChina，andnodoubtitwillbeforherultimategood，andthereforeforthebenefitofallmankind。 Chinaisnowaninfantrepublic，butshewillgrowintoahealthyandstrongyouth。HerpeoplehavethekindestfeelingforthepeopleoftheelderrepublicacrossthePacific。 Thereareexcellentreasonswhythetworepublicsshouldbeincloserfriendship。ItiswellknownthattherearegreatpotentialitiesfortheexpansionoftradeinChina，andasthePhilippineIslandsareclosetoourshores，andthecompletionofthePanamaCanalwillopenanewavenuefortheenlargementoftradefromAmerica，itwillbetotheinterestofbothnationstostretchouttheirhandsacrossthePacificintheclaspofgoodfellowshipandbrotherhood。 Whenthisisdone，notonlywillinternationalcommercegreatlyincrease，butpeace，atleastintheEasternHemisphere，willbebettersecuredthanbyafleetofDreadnaughts。 Chapter4。AmericaandChinaAmericahasperformedgreatservicefortheOrientandespeciallyforChina。 If，however，thepeopleofthelattercountrywereaskedtoexpresstheircandidopiniononthematter，theverdictwouldnotbealtogetherpleasant，butwouldbegivenwithmixedfeelingsofgratitudeandregret。 SincetheformalopeningofChinatoforeigntradeandcommerce，peopleofallnationalitieshavecomehere，sometotrade，someforpleasure，sometopreachChristianity，andothersforotherpurposes。 ConsideringthattheChinesehaveacivilizationoftheirown，andthattheirmodesofthoughts，ideas，andhabitsare，inmanyrespects，differentfromthoseofthewesternpeople，itisnotsurprisingthatfrictionsanddisputeshaveoccasionallyoccurredandthatevenforeignwarshavebeenwagedbetweenChinaandtheOccident，butitisgratifyingtoobservethatnoforcehaseverbeenresortedtoagainstChinabytheUnitedStatesofAmerica。Nowandthentroublesomequestionshavearisen，buttheyhavealwaysbeensettledamicably。 IndeedthejustandfriendlyattitudetakenbytheAmericanofficialsinChinahadsowontheesteemandconfidenceoftheChineseGovernmentthatin1867，ontheterminationofMr。AnsonBurlingame\'stermasAmericanMinistertoPeking，hewasappointedbytheManchuGovernmentasChiefofaspecialmissiontoAmericaandEurope。InthatcapacityheperformedvaluableservicesforChina，althoughhisworkwasunfortunatelycutshortbyhisuntimelydeath。TheliberalandgeneroustreatmentaccordedtotheChinesestudentsinAmericaisanothersourceofsatisfaction。 Theyhavebeenadmittedfreelytoalleducationalinstitutions，andwelcomedintoAmericanfamilies。InwhateverschoolorcollegetheyentertheyaretaughtinthesamewayastheAmericanboysandgirls，andenjoyequalopportunitiesoflearningallthattheAmericanstudentslearn。* ThatAmericahasnodesireforterritorialacquisitioninChinaiswellknown。 DuringtheBoxermovementtheAmericanGovernmenttooktheleadininitiatingthepolicyofmaintainingtheopendoor，andpreservingtheintegrityofChina，apolicytowhichtheothergreatpowersreadilyconsented。Itwaswellknownatthetime，anditisnobreachofconfidencetomentionthefacthere，thatMr。JohnHay，AmericanSecretaryofState，withthepermissionofPresidentMcKinley，wasquitewillingthatAmerica\'sindemnitydemandedfromChinaashershareofthecompensationforlossessustainedduringtheBoxerupheaval，shouldbereducedbyone-half，providedtheotherpowerswouldconsenttosimilarreductions。Unfortunately，Mr。Hay\'sproposalcouldnotbecarriedoutforwantofunanimity。 However，toshowthegoodfaith，andthehumaneandjustpolicyofAmerica，shehassincevoluntarilyrefundedtoChinaaconsiderableportionofherindemnity，beingthesurplusduetoherafterpaymentoftheactualexpensesincurred。Thisisthesecondoccasiononwhichshehasdonethis，althoughinthepreviouscasetherefundwassmaller。 ThesearesomeoftheinstancesforwhichthepeopleofChinahavegoodreasonstobegratefultoAmericaandherpeople—— *IneedhardlysaythatourstudentsarealsowelltreatedinEngland，France，Germany，Japan，andothercountriesinEurope，butIamdealinginthischapterwithAmerica—— Thereis，however，anothersidetothepicture；theChinesestudentsinAmerica，whomayberoughlycalculatedbythethousands，andwhosenumberisannuallyincreasing，havebeentaughtdemocraticprinciplesofgovernment。ThesecouldnotbutbedetrimentaltothewelfareofthelateManchuGovernment。TheyhavereadthehistoryofhowtheAmericanpeoplegainedtheirindependence，andnaturallytheyhavebeenimbuedwiththeideaofinauguratingasimilarpolicyinChina。Chinesemerchants，traders，andotherswhohavebeenresidinginAmerica，seeingthefreeandindependentmannerinwhichtheAmericanpeoplecarryontheirgovernment，learned，ofcourse，asimilarlesson。ThesepeoplehavebeenanimportantfactorintherecentoverthrowoftheManchudynasty。Addedtothis，thefactthatAmericahasaffordedasaferefugeforpoliticaloffenderswasanothercauseofdissatisfactiontotheManchus。 ThusitwillbeseenthattheManchuGovernment，fromtheirpointofview，havehadmanyreasonsforentertainingunfavorablesentimentstowardAmerica。 ThisviewIneedhardlysayisnotsharedbythelargemajorityofChinese。 PersonswhohavecommittedpoliticaloffensesintheirowncountryfindprotectionnotonlyinAmericabutinallcountriesinEurope，Japan，andothercivilizedlands。ItisanironyoffatethatsincetheestablishmentoftheChineseRepublic，Manchuandotherofficialsundertheoldregime，nowfindsecureasylumsinHongkong，Japan，andTsingtao，whilehundredsofex-ManchuofficialshavefledtotheforeignsettlementsofShanghai，Tientsin，andothertreatyports，soreluctantlygrantedbythelateManchuGovernment。 ThustheedgeoftheircomplaintagainstAmerica\'spolicyinharboringpoliticalrefugeeshasbeenturnedagainstthemselves，andtheliberalityagainstwhichtheyprotestedhasbecometheirprotection。 ThemoresubstantialcausefordissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesis，Igrievetosay，herChineseexclusionpolicy。AslongasherdiscriminatinglawsagainsttheChineseremaininforceablotmustremainonherotherwisegoodname，andherrelationswithChina，thoughcordial，cannotbeperfect。Itisbeyondthescopeofthischaptertodealwiththissubjectexhaustively，butinordertoenablemyreaderstounderstandtheexactsituationitisnecessarytosupplyashorthistoricalsummary。In1868，onaccountofthepressingneedofgoodlaborersfortheconstructionofrailwaysandotherpublicworksinAmerica，theGovernmentsofChinaandtheUnitedStates，concludedatreatywhichprovidedthat\"ChinesesubjectsvisitingorresidingintheUnitedStatesshallenjoythesameprivileges，immunities，andexemptionsinrespecttotravelorresidenceasmaybeenjoyedbythecitizensorsubjectsofthemostfavorednation。\" ItwasatreatynegotiatedbythatgreatAmericanstatesman，SecretarySeward，andannouncedbythePresidentoftheUnitedStatestoCongressasa\"liberalandauspicioustreaty\"。ItwaswelcomedbytheUnitedStatesasagreatadvanceintheirinternationalrelations。 IthadalsothedoublesignificanceofhavingbeennegotiatedbyaChinesespecialembassy，ofwhichadistinguishedAmericandiplomat，Mr。AnsonBurlingame，whowasfamiliarwiththewishesandinterestsoftheAmericanpeople，wasthehead。 ButwithinafewyearsthelaborunionsonthePacificcoastbegantoobjecttothecompetitionofChineselaborers。 SoonafterwardtheChineseGovernment，toitsintensesurprise，wasinformedthatthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshaddelegatedacommissiontocometoPekingtosolicitanabrogationofthetreatyclausetowhichreferencehasbeenmade。 TheChineseGovernmentwasnaturallyunwillingtoabrogateatreatywhichhadbeenurgedonherbytheUnitedStateswithsomuchzeal，andwhichhadsolatelybeenenteredupononbothsideswithsuchhighhopes。 Longandtediousnegotiationsensued，andfinallyashorttreatywasconcluded，thefirstandsecondArticlesofwhichareasfollows: ArticleI \"WheneverintheopinionoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedStates，thecomingofChineselaborerstotheUnitedStates，ortheirresidencetherein，affectsorthreatenstoaffecttheinterestsofthatcountry，ortoendangerthegoodorderofthesaidcountryorofanylocalitywithintheterritorythereof，theGovernmentofChinaagreesthattheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesmayregulate，limit，orsuspendsuchcomingorresidence，butmaynotabsolutelyprohibitit。 ThelimitationorsuspensionshallbereasonableandshallapplyonlytoChinesewhomaygototheUnitedStatesaslaborers，otherclassesnotbeingincludedinthelimitations。LegislationtakeninregardtoChineselaborerswillbeofsuchacharacteronlyasisnecessarytoenforcetheregulation，limitation，orsuspensionofimmigration，andimmigrantsshallnotbesubjecttopersonalmaltreatmentorabuse。\" ArticleII \"Chinesesubjects，whetherproceedingtotheUnitedStatesasteachers，students，merchants，orfromcuriosity，togetherwiththeirbodyandhouseholdservants，andChineselaborerswhoarenowintheUnitedStatesshallbeallowedtogoandcomeoftheirownfreewillandaccord，andshallbeaccordedalltherights，privileges，immunities，andexceptionswhichareaccordedtothecitizensandsubjectsofthemostfavorednations。\" ItwouldseemreasonabletoexpectthatinyieldingsofullytothewishesoftheUnitedStatesinthissecondnegotiationtheChineseGovernmentwouldnotbecalledupontomakeanyfurtherconcessionsintheinterestsoratthedemandofthelaborunionsonthePacificcoast，butinthisChinawasdisappointed。 WithinaperiodoflessthantenyearsanurgentapplicationwasmadebytheAmericanSecretaryofStateforanewtreatyamendedsoastoenabletheCongressoftheUnitedStatestostillfurtherrestricttheprivilegesofChineselaborerswhohadcometotheUnitedStates。 AndwhentheChineseGovernmenthesitatedtoconsenttothewithdrawalofrightswhichtheUnitedStatesgrantedtothesubjectsofotherGovernments，CongresspassedtheScottActof1888 prohibitinganyChinesepersonfromenteringtheUnitedStatesexceptChineseofficials，teachers，students，merchantsortravellersforpleasureorcuriosityandforbiddingalsoChineselaborersintheUnitedStates，afterhavingleft，fromreturningthereto。This，inthewordsofHon。J。W。Foster，ex-SecretaryofStateandadistinguishedinternationallawyer，\"wasadeliberateviolationoftheTreatyof1880andwassodeclaredbytheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates。\"InordertosavetheExecutiveoftheUnitedStatesfromembarrassment，theChineseGovernment，contrarytoitsownsenseofjustice，andofinternationalcomity，forathirdtimeyieldedtothewishesoftheUnitedStates，andconcludedtheamendedtreatyof1894whichgaveCongressadditionalpoweroflegislationrespectingChineselaborers。 ByArticleIofthistreatyitwasagreedthatforatermoftenyearsthecomingofChineselaborerstotheUnitedStatesshouldbeabsolutelyprohibited。ArticleIIIdistinctlyprovidedthat\"theprovisionsofthisconventionshallnotaffecttherightatpresentenjoyedofChinesesubjects，beingofficials，teachers，students，merchants，ortravellersforcuriosityorpleasure，butnotlaborers，ofcomingtotheUnitedStatesandresidingtherein。\" Thusitisclearthattheprohibitionaffectsonlylaborers，andnottheotherclassesofChinese。Forafewyearsafterthesigningofthisconventionthiswastheviewadoptedandacteduponbytheimmigrationofficials，butafterwardtheychangedtheirattitude，andtheforegoingArticlehassincebeeninterpretedtomeanthatonlytheabove-mentionedfiveclassescanbeadmittedintotheUnitedStates，andthatalltheotherclassesofChinese，howeverrespectableandhonorable，mustberefusedadmission。WillmyreadersbelievethataChinesebanker，physician，lawyer，broker，commercialagent，scholarorprofessorcouldallbebarredoutoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaundertheprovisionsofthisconvention？Inthefaceoftheplainlanguageofthetextitseemstooabsurdandunreasonabletobecontemplated，andyetitisafact。 ThisconventionwasproclaimedinDecember，1894。Accordingtoitsprovisions，itwastoremaininforceonlyforaperiodoftenyears，butthatifsixmonthsbeforetheendofthatperiodneitherPowershouldgivenoticeofdenunciationitshouldbeextendedforasimilarperiod。Suchnoticewas，however，givenbyChinatotheUnitedStatesandaccordinglytheconventionexpiredinDecember，1904，andisnownolongerinforce。NoseriousattempthassincebeenmadebytheUnitedStatesGovernmenttonegotiateanewtreatyregardingChineselaborers，sothecustomsandimmigrationofficialscontinuetoprohibitChineselaborersfromcomingtoAmericabyvirtueofthelawpassedbyCongress。Itwillbeseenthatbythetreatyof1868，knownasthe\"BurlingameTreaty\"，theUnitedStatesGovernmentformallyagreedthatChinesesubjects，visitingorresidingintheUnitedStates，shouldenjoythesameprivilegesandimmunitiesaswereenjoyedbythecitizensorsubjectsofthemostfavorednation；thatbeingso，andastheconventionof1894 hasexpired，accordingtothelegalopinionofMr。JohnW。Foster，andothereminentlawyers，thecontinuationoftheexclusionofChineselaborersandtherestrictionsplaceduponChinesemerchantsandothersseekingadmissiontotheUnitedStatesarenotonlywithoutinternationalauthoritybutinviolationoftreatystipulations。 TheenforcementoftheexclusionlawsagainstChineseintheHawaiianandPhilippineIslandsisstillmoreinexcusable。 ThecomplaintinAmericaagainsttheimmigrationofChineselaborerswasthatsuchimmigrationwasdetrimentaltowhitelabor，butinthoseIslandstherehasbeennosuchcomplaint；onthecontrarytheenforcementofthelawagainsttheChineseinHawaiihasbeen，andis，contrarytotheunanimouswishofthelocalGovernmentandthepeople。 FreeintercourseandimmigrationbetweenthoseIslandsandChinahavebeenmaintainedforcenturies。WhatismostobjectionableandunfairisthattheChineseshouldbesingledoutfordiscrimination，whileallotherAsiaticssuchasJapanese，Siamese，andMalaysareallowedtoenterAmericaandhercolonieswithoutrestraint。 ItismybeliefthatthegrossinjusticethathasbeeninflictedupontheChinesepeoplebytheharshworkingoftheexclusionlawisnotknowntothelargemajorityoftheAmericanpeople，forIamsuretheywouldnotallowthecontinuationofsuchhardshipstobesufferedbythosewhoaretheirsincerefriends。Chinadoesnotwishspecialtreatment，sheonlyasksthatherpeopleshallbetreatedinthesamewayasthecitizensorsubjectsofothercountries。 WillthegreatAmericannationstillrefusetoconsenttothis？ Tosolvetheproblemofimmigrationinamannerthatwouldbesatisfactorytoallpartiesisnotaneasytask，assomanyconflictinginterestsareinvolved。Butitisnotimpossible。Ifpersonsinterestedinthisquestionbereallydesirousofseeingitsettledandarewillingtolistentoreasonableproposals，Ibelievethatawaymaybefoundforitssolution。Thereisgoodreasonformyoptimisticopinion。EventheLaborUnions，unlessIammistaken，wouldwelcomeanamicablesettlementofthiscomplicatedquestion。In1902，whileatWashington，IwasagreeablysurprisedtoreceiveadeputationoftheleadersoftheCentralLaborUnionofBinghamton，NewYork，invitingmetopayavisitthereandtodeliveranaddress。 AsIdidnotwishtodisappointthemIacceptedtheirinvitation。 Duringmyshortstaythere，Iwasverycordiallyandwarmlyreceived，andmostkindlytreatednotonlybythelocalauthoritiesandinhabitants，butbythemembersoftheLaborUnionandtheworkingmenalso。 IfoundthattheUnionleadersandtheworkingmenweremostreasonable，theirplatformbeing，asfarasIcouldlearn，tohavenocheaplaborcompetitionbutnotnecessarilydiscriminationagainstanyrace。 IftheUnitedStatesGovernmentwouldappointacommissioncomposedofmembersrepresentingtheLaborUnions，manufacturersandmerchants，totreatwithasimilarcommissionnominatedbytheChineseGovernment，thewholequestioninallitsbearingscouldbediscussed，andIfeelcertainthatafterfreeandcandidexchangeofviews，thejointCommissionerswouldbeabletoarriveataschemewhichwouldputatrestonceforalltheconflictingclaims，andsettlethemattersatisfactorilytobothChinaandtheUnitedStates。 Whenthisdisagreeabledifferencehasbeenremoved，thefriendlyrelationsbetweenthetwoRepublics，cordialevenwhileonewasyetanEmpire，willleavenothingtobedesiredandcannotbuthelptolargelyaffectthetradebetweenthetwocountriesandtocontributetothepeaceoftheFarEast。 Chapter5。AmericanEducationOutofatotalpopulationof91，972，266intheUnitedStatestherewere，in1910，17，506，175pupilsenrolled。Fewnationscanshowsuchahighpercentageofschoolstudents。Thetotalnumberofteacherswas506，040。Educationalefficiencyonsuchascalecanbemaintainedonlybyalargeexpenditureofmoney，andfromthestatisticsofeducationIfindthatthesumreceivedfromtuitionfeeswas$14，687，192gold，fromproductivefunds$11，592，113gold，andfromtheUnitedStatesGovernment$4，607，298gold，makingatotalof$70，667，865gold。* Iquestionwhetheranyothernationcanproducesuchanexcellentexampleinthecauseofeducation—— *Thereappearstobe$39，781，262missingfromthesefigures。 PossiblyWuTingfang\'sfiguresareincorrect，butitseemsmorelikelythatheneglectedtoincludeexpendituresbystateandlocalgovernments—— A。R。L。，1996。 Ineverystatethereareverymanyschools，bothpublicandprivate。 Therearepublicschoolsineverytown，andeventhesmallestvillagehasitsschool，whileinsomeagriculturalstates，suchasWyoming，wherethepopulationisveryscattered，teachersareprovidedbythegovernmenttoteachinthefarmers\'homeswhereverthreeorfourchildrencanbegatheredtogether。Thepublicschoolsarefreeandopentoall，butinsometownsintheSouthernStatesspecialschoolsareprovidedforthecoloredpeople。Havingsuchfacilitiesforgainingknowledge，itnaturallyfollowsthattheAmericans，asawhole，areaneducatedpeople。 BythisImeanthenativeAmerican，nottherecentimmigrantsandnegroes，butevenasregardsthelatterareservationshouldbemade，forsomeofthenegroes，suchasBookerT。Washingtonandothers，havebecomeeminentthroughtheirlearningandeducationalwork。 Thedistinguishingfeatureoftheschoolsystemisthatitischeapandcomprehensive。Intheprimaryandhighschoolstheboysandgirls，whethertheycomefromthewealthyoraristocraticfamilies，orfrommorestraitenedhomes，areallstudyingtogetherinthesameclass-room，anditisknownthataPresidentsenthissontostudyinapublicschool。 Thereis，therefore，noexcuseforeventhepoorestmaninAmericabeinganilliterate。Ifhewisheshecanobtainadegreeinauniversitywithoutdifficulty。Manyofthestateuniversitiesadmitthechildrenofcitizensofthestatefree，whiletheirtuitionfeesforoutsidersareexceptionallylow，sothatitiswithinthepowerofthemanofthemostmoderatemeanstogivehissonauniversityeducation。 Manyofthecollegeoruniversitystudents，inordertoenablethemtogothroughtheircoursesofstudy，dooutsidejobsaftertheirlecturehours，andperformmanual，orevenmenialwork，duringthevacations。 Ifrequentlymetsuchstudentsinsummerresortsactingashotelwaitersandfoundthemclean，attentive，andreliable。DuringavisittoHarvardUniversity，PresidentEliottookmetoseethedining-hall。 Manystudentsweretakingtheirlunchatthetime。Inoticedthatthewaiterswereanunusuallycleansetofyoungmen，anduponinquirywasinformedthattheywerestudentsoftheUniversity，andthatwhenawaiterwaswantedmanystudentsapplied，asthepoorerstudentsweregladtoavailthemselvesoftheopportunitytoearnsomemoney。 Honestlabor，thoughmenial，isnotconsidereddegrading，andnoAmericanofeducationandrefinementisabovedoingit。 InsomeofthestatesintheEast，owingtothescarcityofservants，familiesdotheirowncookingandotherhouseholdwork。 SomefewyearsagoIwasonavisittoAshburnham，Massachusetts，andwassurprisedtofindthatmyhostessnotonlydidthecookingbutalsocleanedmyroom。Iwasinvitedtoaformalluncheonbyaprofessor，andtomyastonishmenthistwodaughterswaitedatthetable。 ThisisnotunlikewhatoccursinsomepartsofChinaintheinterior。 Themembersoffamilies，althoughingoodcircumstances，dotheirownhouseholdwork。Insometowns，notfarfromCanton，wealthyfarmersandcountrygentlemenhireouttheirsonsasmenials，sothattheseyoungsters，whentheyhavegrownup，shallknowthevalueofmoneyandnotsquanderthefamilywealth。 Iciteatypicalcaseofamillionairewhohadonlyoneson。 InordertomakehimappreciatetheworthofmoneyhetookhisboytoCanton，andallowedhimtobehiredoutasanordinaryservant。 Theboywasorderedbyhismastertolookafteracertainpartofthehouse，andalsototakecareofalittlegarden。Onedayhecarelesslybrokeavaluablegold-fishjarmuchprizedbythefamily。 Hismasternaturallybecameenragedandreproachedhimforhisnegligence。 Theyoungmancoollytoldhimthatifhewouldcometohisfather\'shousehecouldreplacethebrokenvesselbymakinghisownselectionfromhisfather\'scollectionofgold-fishjars。Thisirritatedthemaster，whothoughtthattheladwasaddinginsulttoinjury。However，ultimately，hismasterwaspersuadedtogowithhimtohisfather\'shouse，andtohisgreatastonishmenthefoundtheremanygold-fishjarswhichweremorepreciousthanthatwhichtheladhadbroken。 Householdwork，howevermeanitmaybe，isnotconsidereddegradinginChina，butthedifferencebetweenChinaandAmericaisthatinAmericathepeoplearecompelledtodoitfromnecessity，whileinChinaitisresortedtoasamatterofpolicytomaketheyoungmenrealizethevalueofmoney，andnotspenditwastefully。 Thecurriculumprescribedintheschoolscoversawiderangeofsubjects，andthegraduatesarewellequippedtofacethebattleoflife。 Notonlyaredrawing，sketchingandotherfineartstaught，butalsocarpentryandothertrades。Iwasonceshownafairlymadeboxwhichwastheproductofaverysmallboy。Ididnotatfirstperceivetheuseofteachingaboytodosuchworkinschool，butIlearnedthatitsobjectwastoinstructthepupilhowtothinkandarrangehismaterialssystematically。 WiththeexceptionofthoseschoolsestablishedbyChristiansocieties，orendowedbyreligioussects，alleducationalinstitutions，especiallythoseestablishedbythestateauthorities，aresecular。 Religionisnottaught。NeithertheBiblenoranyotherreligiousworkisusedintheschoolroom。Thepresidents，professors，andtutorsmaybestrictchurchmen，orveryreligiouspeople，but，asarule，theyarenotpermittedtoinculcatetheirreligiousviewsonthestudents。 Themindsoftheyoungaremostsusceptible，andifnomoralprinciplesareimpresseduponthematschoolorcollegetheyareapttogoastray。 Itshouldberememberedthatmenofeducationwithoutmoralprinciplesarelikeashipwithoutananchor。Ignorantandilliteratepeopleinfringethelawbecausetheydonotknowanybetter，andtheiractsofdepredationareclumsyandcanbeeasilyfoundout，butwhenmenofeducationcommitcrimesthesearesoskilfullyplannedandexecutedthatitisdifficultforthepolicetounravelanddetectthem。Ithasbeenknownthatfraudsandforgeriesperpetratedbysuchunscrupulouspersonsweresocleverlydesignedthattheyboretheevidenceofsuperioreducation，andalmostofgenius。 Themoreamaniseducatedthemoreisitnecessary，forthewelfareofthestate，toinstructhimhowtomakeaproperuseofhistalents: Educationislikeadouble-edgedsword。Itmaybeturnedtodangeroususagesifitisnotproperlyhandled。 AsthereisnoestablishedchurchintheUnitedStates，andinviewofthenumberlessdifferentsects，itisnotadvisabletopermitanyparticularphaseofreligiontobetaught。 Butwhynotconsenttoallowthecardinalprinciplesofmoralitytobetaughtineveryschool？Thefollowingmayserveasexamples: (1)Honestyisthebestpolicy。 (2)Honorthyfatherandthymother。 (3)Universalbrotherhood。 (4)Loveofmankind。 (5)Charitytoall。 (6)Purityinthoughtandaction。 (7)Purefoodmakesapurebody。 (8)Happinessconsistsofhealthandapureconscience。 (9)Liveandletlive。 (10)Respectamanforhisvirtues，notforhismoneyorposition。 (11)`Fiatjustitia，ruatcoelum\'(Letjusticebedone，thoughtheHeavensshouldfall)。