OnSunday，the26thofNovember，1631，therewasgreatexcitementinthelittletownofLoudun，especiallyinthenarrowstreetswhichledtothechurchofSaint-Pierreinthemarketplace，fromthegateofwhichthetownwasenteredbyanyonecomingfromthedirectionoftheabbeyofSaint-Jouin-les-Marmes。Thisexcitementwascausedbytheexpectedarrivalofapersonagewhohadbeenmuchinpeople\'smouthslatterlyinLoudun，andaboutwhomtherewassuchdifferenceofopinionthatdiscussiononthesubjectbetweenthosewhowereonhissideandthosewhowereagainsthimwascarriedonwithtrueprovincialacrimony。Itwaseasytosee，bythevariedexpressionsonthefacesofthosewhoturnedthedoorstepsintoimproviseddebatingclubs，howvariedwerethefeelingswithwhichthemanwouldbewelcomedwhohadhimselfformallyannouncedtofriendsandenemiesaliketheexactdateofhisreturn。
Aboutnineo\'clockakindofsympatheticvibrationranthroughthecrowd，andwiththerapidityofaflashoflightningthewords，\"Thereheis!thereheis!\"passedfromgrouptogroup。Atthiscrysomewithdrewintotheirhousesandshuttheirdoorsanddarkenedtheirwindows，asifitwereadayofpublicmourning，whileothersopenedthemwide，asiftoletjoyenter。Inafewmomentstheuproarandconfusionevokedbythenewswassucceededbythedeepsilenceofbreathlesscuriosity。
Then，throughthesilence，afigureadvanced，carryingabranchoflaurelinonehandasatokenoftriumph。
Itwasthatofayoungmanoffromthirty-twotothirty-fouryearsofage，withagracefulandwell-knitframe，anaristocraticairandfaultlesslybeautifulfeaturesofasomewhathaughtyexpression。Althoughhehadwalkedthreeleaguestoreachthetown，theecclesiasticalgarbwhichheworewasnotonlyelegantbutofdaintyfreshness。Hiseyesturnedtoheaven，andsinginginasweetvoicepraisetotheLord，hepassedthroughthestreetsleadingtothechurchinthemarket-placewithaslowandsolemngait，withoutvouchsafingalook，aword，oragesturetoanyone。Theentirecrowd，fallingintostep，marchedbehindhimasheadvanced，singinglikehim，thesingersbeingtheprettiestgirlsinLoudun，forwehaveforgottentosaythatthecrowdconsistedalmostentirelyofwomen。
MeanwhiletheobjectofallthiscommotionarrivedatlengthattheporchofthechurchofSaint-Pierre。Ascendingthesteps，hekneltatthetopandprayedinalowvoice，thenrisinghetouchedthechurchdoorswithhislaurelbranch，andtheyopenedwideasifbymagic，revealingthechoirdecoratedandilluminatedasifforoneofthefourgreatfeastsoftheyear，andwithallitsscholars，choirboys，singers，beadles，andvergersintheirplaces。Glancingaround，heforwhomtheywerewaitingcameupthenave，passedthroughthechoir，kneltforasecondtimeatthefootofthealtar，uponwhichhelaidthebranchoflaurel，thenputtingonarobeaswhiteassnowandpassingthestolearoundhisneck，hebeganthecelebrationofthemassbeforeacongregationcomposedofallthosewhohadfollowedhim。
AttheendofthemassaTeDeumwassung。
HewhohadjustrenderedthankstoGodforhisownvictorywithallthesolemnceremonialusuallyreservedforthetriumphsofkingswasthepriestUrbainGrandier。Twodaysbefore，hehadbeenacquitted，invirtueofadecisionpronouncedbyM。d\'EscoubleaudeSourdis，ArchbishopofBordeaux，ofanaccusationbroughtagainsthimofwhichhehadbeendeclaredguiltybyamagistrate，andinpunishmentofwhichhehadbeencondemnedtofastonbreadandwatereveryFridayforthreemonths，andforbiddentoexercisehispriestlyfunctionsinthedioceseofPoitiersforfiveyearsandinthetownofLoudunforever。
Thesearethecircumstancesunderwhichthesentencehadbeenpassedandthejudgmentreversed。
UrbainGrandierwasbornatRovere，avillagenearSable，alittletownofBas-Maine。HavingstudiedthescienceswithhisfatherPierreandhisuncleClaudeGrandier，whowerelearnedastrologersandalchemists，heentered，attheageoftwelve，theJesuitcollegeatBordeaux，havingalreadyreceivedtheordinaryeducationofayoungman。Theprofessorssoonfoundthatbesideshisconsiderableattainmentshehadgreatnaturalgiftsforlanguagesandoratory；
theythereforemadeofhimathoroughclassicalscholar，andinordertodevelophisoratoricaltalentencouragedhimtopractisepreaching。Theysoongrewveryfondofapupilwhowaslikelytobringthemsomuchcredit，andassoonashewasoldenoughtotakeholyorderstheygavehimthecureofsoulsintheparishofSaint-
PierreinLoudun，whichwasinthegiftofthecollege。Whenhehadbeensomemonthsinstalledthereasapriest-in-charge，hereceivedaprebendalstall，thankstothesamepatrons，inthecollegiatechurchofSainte-Croix。
Itiseasytounderstandthatthebestowalofthesetwopositionsonsoyoungaman，whodidnotevenbelongtotheprovince，madehimseeminsomesortausurperofrightsandprivilegesbelongingtothepeopleofthecountry，anddrewuponhimtheenvyofhisbrother-
ecclesiastics。Therewere，infact，manyotherreasonswhyUrbainshouldbeanobjectofjealousytothese:first，aswehavealreadysaid，hewasveryhandsome，thentheinstructionwhichhehadreceivedfromhisfatherhadopenedtheworldofsciencetohimandgivenhimthekeytoathousandthingswhichweremysteriestotheignorant，butwhichhefathomedwiththegreatestease。Furthermore，thecomprehensivecourseofstudywhichhehadfollowedattheJesuitcollegehadraisedhimaboveacrowdofprejudices，whicharesacredtothevulgar，butforwhichhemadenosecretofhiscontempt；andlastly，theeloquenceofhissermonshaddrawntohischurchthegreaterpartoftheregularcongregationsoftheotherreligiouscommunities，especiallyofthemendicantorders，whohadtillthen，inwhatconcernedpreaching，borneawaythepalmatLoudun。Aswehavesaid，allthiswasmorethanenoughtoexcite，firstjealousy，andthenhatred。Andbothwereexcitedinnoordinarydegree。
Weallknowhoweasilytheill-naturedgossipofasmalltowncanrousetheangrycontemptofthemassesforeverythingwhichisbeyondorabovethem。InawidersphereUrbainwouldhaveshonebyhismanygifts，but，coopedupashewaswithinthewallsofalittletownanddeprivedofairandspace，allthatmighthaveconducedtohissuccessinParisledtohisdestructionatLoudun。
ItwasalsounfortunateforUrbainthathischaracter，farfromwinningpardonforhisgenius，augmentedthehatredwhichthelatterinspired。Urbain，whoinhisintercoursewithhisfriendswascordialandagreeable，wassarcastic，cold，andhaughtytohisenemies。Whenhehadonceresolvedonacourse，hepursueditunflinchingly；hejealouslyexactedallthehonourduetotherankatwhichhehadarrived，defendingitasthoughitwereaconquest；healsoinsistedonenforcingallhislegalrights，andheresentedtheoppositionandangrywordsofcasualopponentswithaharshnesswhichmadethemhislifelongenemies。
ThefirstexamplewhichUrbaingaveofthisinflexibilitywasin1620，whenhegainedalawsuitagainstapriestnamedMeunier。HecausedthesentencetobecarriedoutwithsuchrigourthatheawokeaninextinguishablehatredinMeunier\'smind，whicheverafterburstforthontheslightestprovocation。
Asecondlawsuit，whichhelikewisegained；wasonewhichheundertookagainstthechapterofSainte-Croixwithregardtoahouse，hisclaimtowhichthechapter，disputed。Hereagainhedisplayedthesamedeterminationtoexacthisstrictlegalrightstothelastiota，andunfortunatelyMignon，theattorneyoftheunsuccessfulchapter，wasarevengeful，vindictive，andambitiousman；toocommonplaceevertoarriveatahighposition，andyettoomuchabovehissurroundingstobecontentwiththesecondarypositionwhichheoccupied。Thisman，whowasacanonofthecollegiatechurchofSainte-CroixanddirectoroftheUrsulineconvent，willhaveanimportantparttoplayinthefollowingnarrative。
BeingashypocriticalasUrbainwasstraightforward，hisambitionwastogainwhereverhisnamewasknownareputationforexaltedpiety；hethereforeaffectedinhislifetheasceticismofananchoriteandtheself-denialofasaint。Ashehadmuchexperienceinecclesiasticallawsuits，helookedonthechapter\'slossofthisone，ofwhichhehadinsomesortguaranteedthesuccess，asapersonalhumiliation，sothatwhenUrbaingavehimselfairsoftriumphandexactedthelastletterofhisbond，asinthecaseofMeunier，heturnedMignonintoanenemywhowasnotonlymorerelentlessbutmoredangerousthantheformer。
Inthemeantime，andinconsequenceofthislawsuit，acertainBarot，anuncleofMignonandhispartneraswell，gotupadisputewithUrbain，butashewasamanbelowmediocrity，Urbainrequiredinordertocrushhimonlytoletfallfromtheheightofhissuperiorityafewofthosedisdainfulwordswhichbrandasdeeplyasared-hotiron。Thisman，thoughtotallywantinginparts，wasveryrich，andhavingnochildrenwasalwayssurroundedbyahordeofrelatives，everyoneofwhomwasabsorbedintheattempttomakehimselfsoagreeablethathisnamewouldappearinBarot\'swill。
Thisbeingso，themockingwordswhichwereraineddownonBarotspatterednotonlyhimselfbutalsoallthosewhohadsidedwithhiminthequarrel，andthusaddedconsiderablytothetaleofUrbain\'senemies。
Aboutthisepochastillgravereventtookplace。Amongstthemostassiduousfrequentersoftheconfessionalinhischurchwasayoungandprettygirl，Juliebyname，thedaughteroftheking\'sattorney，Trinquant——Trinquantbeing，aswellasBarot，anuncleofMignon。
Nowithappenedthatthisyounggirlfellintosuchastateofdebilitythatshewasobligedtokeepherroom。Oneofherfriends，namedMarthePelletier，givingupsociety，ofwhichshewasveryfond，undertooktonursethepatient，andcarriedherdevotionsofarastoshutherselfupinthesameroomwithher。WhenJulieTrinquanthadrecoveredandwasableagaintotakeherplaceintheworld，itcameoutthatMarthePelletier，duringherweeksofretirement，hadgivenbirthtoachild，whichhadbeenbaptizedandthenputouttonurse。Now，byoneofthoseoddwhimswhichsooftentakepossessionofthepublicmind，everyoneinLoudunpersistedinassertingthattherealmotheroftheinfantwasnotshewhohadacknowledgedherselfassuch——that，inshort，MarthePelletierhadsoldhergoodnametoherfriendJulieforasumofmoney；andofcourseitfollowedasamatteraboutwhichtherecouldbenopossibledoubt，thatUrbainwasthefather。
Trinquanthearingofthereportsabouthisdaughter，tookuponhimselfasking\'sattorneytohaveMarthePelletierarrestedandimprisoned。Beingquestionedaboutthechild，sheinsistedthatshewasitsmother，andwouldtakeitsmaintenanceuponherself。Tohavebroughtachildintotheworldundersuchcircumstanceswasasin，butnotacrime；TrinquantwasthereforeobligedtosetMartheatliberty，andtheabuseofjusticeofwhichhewasguiltyservedonlytospreadthescandalfartherandtostrengthenthepublicinthebeliefithadtakenup。
Hitherto，whetherthroughtheinterventionoftheheavenlypowers，orbymeansofhisowncleverness，UrbainGrandierhadcomeoutvictorineverystruggleinwhichhehadengaged，buteachvictorhadaddedtothenumberofhisenemies，andthesewerenowsonumerousthatanyotherthanhewouldhavebeenalarmed，andhavetriedeithertoconciliatethemortotakeprecautionsagainsttheirmalice；butUrbain，wrappedinhispride，andperhapsconsciousofhisinnocence，paidnoattentiontothecounselsofhismostfaithfulfollowers，butwentonhiswayunheeding。
AlltheopponentswhomtillnowUrbainhadencounteredhadbeenentirelyunconnectedwitheachother，andhadeachstruggledforhisownindividualends。Urbain\'senemies，believingthatthecauseofhissuccesswastobefoundinthewantofcooperationamongthemselves，nowdeterminedtouniteinordertocrushhim。Inconsequence，aconferencewasheldatBarot\'s，atwhich，besidesBarothimself，Meunier，Trinquant，andMignontookpart，andthelatterhadalsobroughtwithhimoneMenuau，aking\'scounselandhisownmostintimatefriend，whowas，however，influencedbyothermotivesthanfriendshipinjoiningtheconspiracy。Thefactwas，thatMenuauwasinlovewithawomanwhohadsteadfastlyrefusedtoshowhimanyfavour，andhehadgotfirmlyfixedinhisheadthatthereasonforherelseinexplicableindifferenceanddisdainwasthatUrbainhadbeenbeforehandwithhiminfindinganentrancetoherheart。TheobjectofthemeetingwastoagreeastothebestmeansofdrivingthecommonenemyoutofLoudonanditsneighbourhood。
Urbain\'slifewassowellorderedthatitpresentedlittlewhichhisenemiescoulduseasahandlefortheirpurpose。Hisonlyfoibleseemedtobeapredilectionforfemalesociety；whileinreturnallthewivesanddaughtersoftheplace，withtheunerringinstinctoftheirsex，seeing，thatthenewpriestwasyoung，handsome，andeloquent，chosehim，wheneveritwaspossible，astheirspiritualdirector。Asthispreferencehadalreadyoffendedmanyhusbandsandfathers，thedecisiontheconspiratorsarrivedatwasthatonthissidealonewasGrandiervulnerable，andthattheironlychanceofsuccesswastoattackhimwherehewasweakest。Almostatonce，therefore，thevaguereportswhichhadbeenfloatingaboutbegantoattainacertaindefiniteness:therewereallusionsmade，thoughnonamewasmentioned，toayounggirlinLoudun；whoinspiteofGrandier\'sfrequentunfaithfulnessyetremainedhismistress-in-
chief；thenitbegantobewhisperedthattheyounggirl，havinghadconscientiousscruplesaboutherloveforUrbain，hehadallayedthembyanactofsacrilege——thatistosay，hehad，aspriest，inthemiddleofthenight，performedtheserviceofmarriagebetweenhimselfandhismistress。Themoreabsurdthereports，themorecredencedidtheygain，anditwasnotlongtilleveryoneinLoudunbelievedthemtrue，althoughnoonewasabletonamethemysteriousheroineofthetalewhohadhadthecouragetocontractamarriagewithapriest；andconsideringhowsmallLoudunwas，thiswasmostextraordinary。
ResoluteandfullofcourageaswasGrandier，atlengthhecouldnotconcealfromhimselfthathispathlayoverquicksands:hefeltthatslanderwassecretlyclosinghimround，andthatassoonashewaswellentangledinhershinyfolds，shewouldrevealherselfbyraisingherabhorredhead，andthatthenamortalcombatbetweenthemwouldbegin。
Butitwasoneofhisconvictionsthattodrawbackwastoacknowledgeone\'sguilt；besides，asfarashewasconcerned，itwasprobablytoolateforhimtoretracehissteps。Hethereforewentonhisway，asunyielding，asscornful，andashaughtyasever。
AmongthosewhoweresupposedtobemostactiveinspreadingtheslandersrelativetoUrbainwasamancalledDuthibaut，apersonofimportanceintheprovince，whowassupposedbythetownspeopletoholdveryadvancedviews，andwhowasa\"SirOracle\"towhomthecommonplaceandvulgarturnedforenlightenment。Someofthisman\'sstricturesonGrandierwerereportedtothelatter，especiallysomecalumniestowhichDuthibauthadgivenventattheMarquisdeBellay\'s；andoneday，Grandier，arrayedinpriestlygarments，wasabouttoenterthechurchofSainte-Croixtoassistintheservice，heencounteredDuthibautattheentrance，andwithhisusualhaughtydisdainaccusedhimofslander。Duthibaut，whohadgotintothehabitofsayinganddoingwhatevercameintohisheadwithoutfearofbeingcalledtoaccount，partlybecauseofhiswealthandpartlybecauseoftheinfluencehehadgainedoverthenarrow-minded，whoaresonumerousinasmallprovincialtown，andwhoregardedhimasbeingmuchabovethem，wassofuriousatthispublicreprimand。
thatheraisedhiscaneandstruckUrbain。
TheopportunitywhichthisaffrontaffordedGrandierofbeingrevengedonallhisenemieswastooprecioustobeneglected，but，convinced，withtoomuchreason，thathewouldneverobtainjusticefromthelocalauthorities，althoughtherespectduetotheChurchhadbeeninfringed，inhispersonhedecidedtoappealtoKingLouisXIII，whodeignedtoreceivehim，anddecidingthattheinsultofferedtoapriestrobedinthesacredvestmentsshouldbeexpiated，sentthecausetothehighcourtofParliament，withinstructionsthatthecaseagainstDuthibautshouldbetriedanddecidedthere。
HereuponUrbain\'senemiessawtheyhadnotimetolose，andtookadvantageofhisabsencetomakecounteraccusationsagainsthim。
Twoworthiesbeings，namedCherbonneauandBugrau，agreedtobecomeinformers，andwerebroughtbeforetheecclesiasticalmagistrateatPoitiers。TheyaccusedGrandierofhavingcorruptedwomenandgirls，ofindulginginblasphemyandprofanity，ofneglectingtoreadhisbreviarydaily，andofturningGod\'ssanctuaryintoaplaceofdebaucheryandprostitution。Theinformationwastakendown，andLouisChauvet，thecivillieutenant，andthearchpriestofSaint-
MarcelandtheLoudenois，wereappointedtoinvestigatethematter，sothat，whileUrbainwasinstitutingproceedingsagainstDuthibautinParis，informationwaslaidagainsthimselfinLoudun。Thismatterthussetgoingwaspushedforwardwithalltheacrimonysocommoninreligiousprosecutions；Trinquantappearedasawitness，anddrewmanyothersafterhim，andwhateveromissionswerefoundinthedepositionswereinterpolatedaccordingtotheneedsoftheprosecution。TheresultwasthatthecasewhenfullygotupappearedtobesoseriousthatitwassenttotheBishopofPoitiersfortrial。NowthebishopwasnotonlysurroundedbythefriendsofthosewhowerebringingtheaccusationsagainstGrandier，buthadhimselfagrudgeagainsthim。IthadhappenedsometimebeforethatUrbain，thecasebeingurgent，haddispensedwiththeusualnoticeofamarriage，andthebishop，knowingthis，foundinthepaperslaidbeforehim，superficialastheywere，sufficientevidenceagainstUrbaintojustifyhiminissuingawarrantforhisapprehension，whichwasdrawnupinthefollowingwords:
\"Henri-Louis，ChataignierdelaRochepezai，bydivinemercyBishopofPoitiers，inviewofthechargesandinformationsconveyedtousbythearchpriestofLoudunagainstUrbainGrandier，priest-in-chargeoftheChurchofSaint-PierreintheMarket-PlaceatLoudun，invirtueofacommissionappointedbyusdirectedtothesaidarchpriest，orinhisabsencetothePriorofChassaignes，inviewalsooftheopiniongivenbyourattorneyuponthesaidcharges，haveorderedanddoherebyorderthatUrbainGrandier，theaccused，bequietlytakentotheprisoninourpalaceinPoitiers，ifitsobethathebetakenandapprehended，andifnot，thathebesummonedtoappearathisdomicilewithinthreedays，bythefirstapparitor-priest，ortonsuredclerk，andalsobythefirstroyalsergeant，uponthiswarrant，andwerequesttheaidofthesecularauthorities，andtothem，ortoanyoneofthem，weherebygivepowerandauthoritytocarryoutthisdecreenotwithstandinganyoppositionorappeal，andthesaidGrandierhavingbeenheard，suchadecisionwillbegivenbyourattorneyasthefactsmayseemtowarrant。
\"GivenatDissaythe22nddayofOctober1629，andsignedintheoriginalasfollows:
\"HENRI-LOUIS，BishopofPoitiers。\"
Grandierwas，aswehavesaid，atPariswhentheseproceedingsweretakenagainsthim，conductingbeforetheParliamenthiscaseagainstDuthibaut。Thelatterreceivedacopyofthedecisionarrivedatbythebishop，beforeGrandierknewofthechargesthathadbeenformulatedagainsthim，andhavinginthecourseofhisdefencedrawnaterriblepictureoftheimmoralityofGrandier\'slife，heproducedasaproofofthetruthofhisassertionsthedamningdocumentwhichhadbeenputintohishands。Thecourt，notknowingwhattothinkoftheturnaffairshadtaken，decidedthatbeforeconsideringtheaccusationsbroughtbyGrandier，hemustappearbeforehisbishoptoclearhimselfofthecharges，broughtagainsthimself。ConsequentlyheleftParisatonce，andarrivedatLoudun，whereheonlystayedlongenoughtolearnwhathadhappenedinhisabsence，andthenwentontoPoitiersinordertodrawuphisdefence。
Hehad，however，nosoonersetfootintheplacethanhewasarrestedbyasheriff\'sofficernamedChatry，andconfinedintheprisonoftheepiscopalpalace。
ItwasthemiddleofNovember，andtheprisonwasatalltimescoldanddamp，yetnoattentionwaspaidtoGrandier\'srequestthatheshouldbetransferredtosomeotherplaceofconfinement。Convincedbythisthathisenemieshadmoreinfluencethanhehadsupposed，heresolvedtopossesshissoulinpatience，andremainedaprisonerfortwomonths，duringwhichevenhiswarmestfriendsbelievedhimlost，whileDuthibautopenlylaughedattheproceedingsinstitutedagainsthimself，whichhenowbelievedwouldnevergoanyfarther，andBarothadalreadyselectedoneofhisheirs，acertainIsmaelBoulieau，assuccessortoUrbainaspriestandprebendary。
Itwasarrangedthatthecostsofthelawsuitshouldbedefrayedoutofafundraisedbytheprosecutors，therichpayingforthepoor；
forasallthewitnesseslivedatLoudunandthetrialwastotakeplaceatPoitiers，considerableexpensewouldbeincurredbythenecessityofbringingsomanypeoplesuchadistance；butthelustofvengeanceprovedstrongerthanthelustofgold；thesubscriptionexpectedfromeachbeingestimatedaccordingtohisfortune，eachpaidwithoutamurmur，andattheendoftwomonthsthecasewasconcluded。
Inspiteoftheevidentpainstakenbytheprosecutiontostraintheevidenceagainstthedefendant，theprincipalchargecouldnotbesustained，whichwasthathehadledastraymanywivesanddaughtersinLoudun。NoonewomancameforwardtocomplainofherruinbyGrandier；thenameofnosinglevictimofhisallegedimmoralitywasgiven。Theconductofthecasewasthemostextraordinaryeverseen；
itwasevidentthattheaccusationswerefoundedonhearsayandnotonfact，andyetadecisionandsentenceagainstGrandierwerepronouncedonJanuary3rd，1630。Thesentencewasasfollows:ForthreemonthstofasteachFridayonbreadandwaterbywayofpenance；tobeinhibitedfromtheperformanceofclericalfunctionsinthedioceseofPoitiersforfiveyears，andinthetownofLoudunforever。
Bothpartiesappealedfromthisdecision:GrandiertotheArchbishopofBordeaux，andhisadversaries，ontheadviceoftheattorneytothediocese，pleadingamiscarriageofjustice，totheParliamentofParis；thislastappealbeingmadeinordertooverwhelmGrandierandbreakhisspirit。ButGrandier\'sresolutionenabledhimtofacethisattackboldly:heengagedcounseltodefendhiscasebeforetheParliament，whilehehimselfconductedhisappealtotheArchbishopofBordeaux。Butasthereweremanynecessarywitnesses，anditwasalmostimpossibletobringthemallsuchagreatdistance，thearchiepiscopalcourtsenttheappealtothepresidialcourtofPoitiers。ThepublicprosecutorofPoitiersbeganafreshinvestigation，whichbeingconductedwithimpartialitywasnotencouragingtoGrandier\'saccusers。Therehadbeenmanyconflictingstatementsmadebythewitnesses，andthesewerenowrepeated:otherwitnesseshaddeclaredquiteopenlythattheyhadbeenbribed；othersagainstatedthattheirdepositionshadbeentamperedwith；andamongsttheselatterwasacertainpriestnamedMechin，andalsothatIshmaelBoulieauwhomBarothadbeeninsuchahurrytoselectascandidateforthereversionofGrandier\'spreferments。Boulieau\'sdepositionhasbeenlost，butwecanlayMechin\'sbeforethereader，fortheoriginalhasbeenpreserved，justasitissuedfromhispen:
\"I，GervaisMechin，curate-in-chargeoftheChurchofSaint-PierreintheMarketPlaceatLoudun，certifybythesepresents，signedbymyhand，torelievemyconscienceastoacertainreportwhichisbeingspreadabroad，thatIhadsaidinsupportofanaccusationbroughtbyGillesRobert，archpriest，againstUrbainGrandier，priest-in-chargeofSaint-Pierre，thatIhadfoundthesaidGrandierlyingwithwomenandgirlsinthechurchofSaintPierre，thedoorsbeingclosed。
\"ITEM，thatonseveraldifferentoccasions，atunsuitablehoursbothdayandnight，IhadseenwomenandgirlsdisturbthesaidGrandierbygoingintohisbedroom，andthatsomeofthesaidwomenremainedwithhimfromoneo\'clockintheafternoontillthreeo\'clockthenextmorning，theirmaidsbringingthemtheirsuppersandgoingawayagainatonce。
\"ITEM，thatIhadseenthesaidGrandierinthechurch，thedoorsbeingopen，butthatassoonassomewomenenteredheclosedthem。
AsIearnestlydesirethatsuchreportsshouldcease，IdeclarebythesepresentsthatIhaveneverseenthesaidGrandierwithwomenorgirlsinthechurch，thedoorsbeingclosed；thatIhaveneverfoundhimtherealonewithwomenorgirls；thatwhenhespoketoeithersomeoneelsewasalwayspresent，andthedoorswereopen；andastotheirposture，IthinkImadeitsufficientlyclearwheninthewitness-boxthatGrandierwasseatedandthewomenscatteredoverthechurch；furthermore，IhaveneverseeneitherwomenorgirlsenterGrandier\'sbedroomeitherbydayornight，althoughitistruethatI
haveheardpeopleinthecorridorcomingandgoinglateintheevening，whotheywereIcannotsay，butabrotherofthesaidGrandiersleepscloseby；neitherhaveIanyknowledgethateitherwomenorgirls，hadtheirsuppersbroughttothesaidroom。Ihavealsoneversaidthatheneglectedthereadingofhisbreviary，becausethatwouldbecontrarytothetruth，seeingthatonseveraloccasionsheborrowedmineandreadhishoursinit。IalsodeclarethatIhaveneverseenhimclosethedoorsofthechurch，andthatwheneverIhaveseenhimspeakingtowomenIhavenevernoticedanyimpropriety；Ihavenoteverseenhimtouchtheminanyway，theyhaveonlyspokentogether；andifanythingisfoundinmydepositioncontrarytotheabove，itiswithoutmyknowledge，andwasneverreadtome，forIwouldnothavesignedit，andIsayandaffirmallthisinhomagetothetruth。
\"DonethelastdayofOctober1630，\"(Signed)G。MECHIN。\"
Inthefaceofsuchproofsofinnocencenoneoftheaccusationscouldbeconsideredasestablishedandso，accordingtothedecisionofthepresidialcourtofPoitiers，datedthe25thofMay1634，thedecisionofthebishop\'scourtwasreversed，andGrandierwasacquittedofthechargesbroughtagainsthim。However，hehadstilltoappearbeforetheArchbishopofBordeaux，thathisacquittalmightberatified。
GrandiertookadvantageofavisitwhichthearchbishoppaidtohisabbeyatSaint-Jouin-les-Marmes，whichwasonlythreeleaguesfromLoudun，tomakethisappearance；hisadversaries，whowerediscouragedbytheresultoftheproceedingsatPoitiers，scarcelymadeanydefence，andthearchbishop，afteranexaminationwhichbroughtclearlytolighttheinnocenceoftheaccused，acquittedandabsolvedhim。
TherehabilitationofGrandierbeforehisbishophadtwoimportantresults:thefirstwasthatitclearlyestablishedhisinnocence，andthesecondthatitbroughtintoprominencehishighattainmentsandeminentqualities。Thearchbishopseeingthepersecutionstowhichhewassubjected，feltakindlyinterestinhim，andadvisedhimtoexchangeintosomeotherdiocese，leavingatowntheprincipalinhabitantsofwhichappearedtohavevowedhimarelentlesshate。
ButsuchanabandonmentofhisrightswasforeigntothecharacterofUrbain，andhedeclaredtohissuperiorthat，stronginHisGrace\'sapprobationandthetestimonyofhisownconscience，hewouldremainintheplacetowhichGodhadcalledhim。MonseigneurdeSourdisdidnotfeelithisdutytourgeUrbainanyfurther，buthehadenoughinsightintohischaractertoperceivethatifUrbainshouldonedayfall，itwouldbe，likeSatan，throughpride；forheaddedanothersentencetohisdecision，recommendinghimtofulfilthedutiesofhisofficewithdiscretionandmodesty，accordingtothedecreesoftheFathersandthecanonicalconstitutions。ThetriumphalentryofUrbainintoLoudunwithwhichwebeganournarrativeshowsthespiritinwhichhetookhisrecommendation。
CHAPTERII
UrbainGranadierwasnotsatisfiedwiththearrogantdemonstrationbywhichhesignalisedhisreturn，whichevenhisfriendshadfelttobeilladvised；insteadofallowingthehatehehadarousedtodieawayoratleasttofallasleepbylettingthepastbepast，hecontinuedwithmorezealthaneverhisproceedingsagainstDuthibaut，andsucceededinobtainingadecreefromtheParliamentofLaTournelle，bywhichDuthibautwassummonedbeforeit，andobligedtolistenbareheadedtoareprimand，toofferapologies，andtopaydamagesandcosts。
Havingthusgotthebetterofoneenemy，Urbainturnedontheothers，andshowedhimselfmoreindefatigableinthepursuitofjusticethantheyhadbeeninthepursuitofvengeance。Thedecisionofthearchbishophadgivenhimarighttoasumofmoneyforcompensation，andinterestthereon，aswellastotherestitutionoftherevenuesofhislivings，andtherebeingsomedemurmade，heannouncedpubliclythatheintendedtoexactthisreparationtotheuttermostfarthing，andsetaboutcollectingalltheevidencewhichwasnecessaryforthesuccessofanewlawsuitforlibelandforgerywhichheintendedtobegin。Itwasinvainthathisfriendsassuredhimthatthevindicationofhisinnocencehadbeencompleteandbrilliant，itwasinvainthattheytriedtoconvincehimofthedangerofdrivingthevanquishedtodespair，Urbainrepliedthathewasreadytoendureallthepersecutionswhichhisenemiesmightsucceedininflictingonhim，butaslongashefeltthathehadrightuponhissidehewasincapableofdrawingback。
Grandier\'sadversariessoonbecameconsciousofthestormwhichwasgatheringabovetheirheads，andfeelingthatthestrugglebetweenthemselvesandthismanwouldbeoneoflifeordeath，Mignon，Barot，Meunier，Duthibaut，andMenuaumetTrinquantatthevillageofPindadane，inahousebelongingtothelatter，inordertoconsultaboutthedangerswhichthreatenedthem。Mignonhad，however，alreadybeguntoweavethethreadsofanewintrigue，whichheexplainedinfulltotheothers；theylentafavourableear，andhisplanwasadopted。Weshallseeitunfolditselfbydegrees，foritisthebasisofournarrative。
WehavealreadysaidthatMignonwasthedirectoroftheconventofUrsulinesatLoudun:NowtheUrsulineorderwasquitemodern，forthehistoriccontroversiestowhichtheslightestmentionofthemartyrdomofSt。Ursulaandhereleventhousandvirginsgaverise，hadlonghinderedthefoundationofanorderinthesaint\'shonour。
However，in1560MadameAngeledeBresseestablishedsuchanorderinItaly，withthesamerulesastheAugustinianorder。ThisgainedtheapprobationofPopeGregoryXIIIin1572。In1614，MadeleineLhuillier，withtheapprovalofPopePaulV，introducedthisorderintoFrance，byfoundingaconventatParis，whenceitrapidlyspreadoverthewholekingdom，so-thatin1626，onlysixyearsbeforethetimewhentheeventsjustrelatedtookplace，asisterhoodwasfoundedinthelittletownofLoudun。
Althoughthiscommunityatfirstconsistedentirelyofladiesofgoodfamily，daughtersofnobles，officers，judges，andthebetterclassofcitizens，andnumberedamongstitsfoundersJeannedeBelfield，daughterofthelateMarquisofCose，andrelativeofM。deLaubardemont，MademoiselledeFazili，cousinofthecardinal-duke，twoladiesofthehouseofBarbenisdeNogaret，MadamedeLamothe，daughteroftheMarquisLamothe-BaraceofAnjou，andMadamed\'EscoubleaudeSourdis，ofthesamefamilyastheArchbishopofBordeaux，yetasthesenunshadalmostallenteredtheconventbecauseoftheirwantoffortune，thecommunityfounditselfatthetimeofitsestablishmentricherinbloodthaninmoney，andwasobligedinsteadofbuildingtopurchaseaprivatehouse。TheownerofthishousewasacertainMoussautduFrene，whosebrotherwasapriest。Thisbrother，therefore，naturallybecamethefirstdirectorofthesegodlywomen。Lessthanayearafterhisappointmenthedied，andthedirectorshipbecamevacant。
TheUrsulineshadboughtthehouseinwhichtheylivedmuchbelowitsnormalvalue，foritwasregardedasahauntedhousebyallthetown。
Thelandlordhadrightlythoughtthattherewasnobetterwayofgettingridoftheghoststhantoconfrontthemwithareligioussisterhood，themembersofwhich，passingtheirdaysinfastingandprayer，wouldbehardlylikelytohavetheirnightsdisturbedbybadspirits；andintruth，duringtheyearwhichtheyhadalreadypassedinthehouse，noghosthadeverputinanappearance——afactwhichhadgreatlyincreasedthereputationofthenunsforsanctity。
Whentheirdirectordied，itsohappenedthattheboarderstookadvantageoftheoccasiontoindulgeinsomediversionattheexpenseoftheoldernuns，whowereheldingeneraldetestationbytheyouthoftheestablishmentonaccountoftherigourwithwhichtheyenforcedtherulesoftheorder。Theirplanwastoraiseoncemorethosespiritswhichhadbeen，aseveryonesupposed，permanentlyrelegatedtoouterdarkness。Sonoisesbegantobeheardontheroofofthehouse，whichresolvedthemselvesintocriesandgroans；thengrowingbolder，thespiritsenteredtheatticsandgarrets，announcingtheirpresencebyclankingofchains；atlasttheybecamesofamiliarthattheyinvadedthedormitories，wheretheydraggedthesheetsoffthesistersandabstractedtheirclothes。
Greatwastheterrorintheconvent，andgreatthetalkinthetown，sothatthemothersuperiorcalledherwisest，nunsaroundherandaskedthemwhat，intheiropinion，wouldbethebestcoursetotakeinthedelicatecircumstancesinwhichtheyfoundthemselves。
Withoutadissentientvoice，theconclusionarrivedatwas，thatthelatedirectorshouldbeimmediatelyreplacedbyamanstillholierthanhe，ifsuchamancouldbefound，andwhetherbecausehepossessedareputationforsanctity，orforsomeotherreason，theirchoicefellonUrbainGrandier。Whentheofferofthepostwasbroughttohim，heansweredthathewasalreadyresponsiblefortwoimportantcharges，andthathethereforehadnotenoughtimetowatchoverthesnow-whiteflockwhichtheywishedtoentrusttohim，asagoodshepherdshould，andherecommendedtheladysuperiortoseekoutanothermoreworthyandlessoccupiedthanhimself。
Thisanswer，asmaybesupposed，woundedtheself-esteemofthesisters:theynextturnedtheireyestowardsMignon，priestandcanonofthecollegiatechurchofSainte-Croix，andhe，althoughhefeltdeeplyhurtthattheyhadnotthoughtfirstofhim，acceptedthepositioneagerly；buttherecollectionthatGrandierhadbeenpreferredbeforehimselfkeptawakein，himoneofthosebitterhatredswhichtime，insteadofsoothing，intensifies。Fromtheforegoingnarrativethereadercanseetowhatthishateled。
Assoonasthenewdirectorwasappointed，themothersuperiorconfidedtohimthekindoffoeswhichhewouldbeexpectedtovanquish。Insteadofcomfortingherbytheassurancethatnoghostsexisting，itcouldnotbeghostswhoranriotinthehouse，Mignonsawthatbypretendingtolaythesephantomshecouldacquirethereputationforholinesshesomuchdesired。SoheansweredthattheHolyScripturesrecognisedtheexistenceofghostsbyrelatinghowthewitchofEndorhadmadetheshadeofSamuelappeartoSaul。HewentontosaythattheritualoftheChurchpossessedmeansofdrivingawayallevilspirits，nomatterhowpersistenttheywere，providedthathewhoundertookthetaskwerepureinthoughtanddeed，andthathehopedsoon，bythehelpofGod，toridtheconventofitsnocturnalvisitants，whereuponasapreparationfortheirexpulsionheorderedathreedays\'fast，tobefollowedbyageneralconfession。
ItdoesnotrequireanygreatclevernesstounderstandhoweasilyMignonarrivedatthetruthbyquestioningtheyoungpenitentsastheycamebeforehim。Theboarderswhohadplayedatbeingghostsconfessedtheirfolly，sayingthattheyhadbeenhelpedbyayoungnoviceofsixteenyearsofage，namedMarieAubin。Sheacknowledgedthatthiswastrue；itwasshewhousedtogetupinthemiddleofthenight，andopenthedormitorydoor，whichhermoretimidroom-
mateslockedmostcarefullyfromwithineverynight，beforegoingtobed——afactwhichgreatlyincreasedtheirterrorwhen，despitetheirprecautions，theghostsstillgotin。Underpretextofnotexposingthemtotheangerofthesuperior，whosesuspicionswouldbesuretobeawakenediftheapparitionsweretodisappearimmediatelyafterthegeneralconfession，Mignondirectedthemtorenewtheirnightlyfrolicsfromtimetotime，butatlongerandlongerintervals。Hethensoughtaninterviewwiththesuperior，andassuredherthathehadfoundthemindsofallthoseunderherchargesochasteandpurethathefeltsurethroughhisearnestprayershewouldsooncleartheconventofthespiritswhichnowpervadedit。
Everythinghappenedasthedirectorhadforetold，andthereputationforsanctityoftheholyman，whobywatchingandprayinghaddeliveredtheworthyUrsulinesfromtheirghostlyassailants，increasedenormouslyinthetownofLoudun。
CHAPTERIII
HardlyhadtranquillitybeenrestoredwhenMignon，Duthibaut，Menuau，Meunier，andBarot，havinglosttheircausebeforetheArchbishopofBordeaux，andfindingthemselvesthreatenedbyGrandierwithaprosecutionforlibelandforgery，mettogethertoconsultastothebestmeansofdefendingthemselvesbeforetheunbendingseverityofthisman，whowould，theyfelt，destroythemiftheydidnotdestroyhim。
Theresultofthisconsultationwasthatveryshortlyafterwardsqueerreportsbegantoflyabout；itwaswhisperedthattheghostswhomthepiousdirectorhadexpelledhadagaininvadedtheconvent，underaninvisibleandimpalpableform，andthatseveralofthenunshadgiven，bytheirwordsandacts，incontrovertibleproofsofbeingpossessed。
WhenthesereportswerementionedtoMignon，he，insteadofdenyingtheirtruth，castuphiseyestoheavenandsaidthatGodwascertainlyagreatandmercifulGod，butitwasalsocertainthatSatanwasveryclever，especiallywhenhewasbarkedbythatfalsehumansciencecalledmagic。However，astothereports，thoughtheywerenotentirelywithoutfoundation，hewouldnotgosofarastosaythatanyofthesisterswerereallypossessedbydevils，thatbeingaquestionwhichtimealonecoulddecide。
Theeffectofsuchanansweronmindsalreadypreparedtolistentothemostimpossiblethings，mayeasilybeguessed。Mignonletthegossipgoitsroundsforseveralmonthswithoutgivingitanyfreshfood，butatlength，whenthetimewasripe，hecalledonthepriestofSaint-JacquesatChinon，andtoldhimthatmattershadnowcometosuchapassintheUrsulineconventthathefeltitimpossibletobearupaloneundertheresponsibilityofcaringforthesalvationoftheafflictednuns，andhebeggedhimtoaccompanyhimtotheconvent。Thispriest，whosenamewasPierreBarre，wasexactlythemanwhomMignonneededinsuchacrisis。Hewasofmelancholytemperament，anddreameddreamsandsawvisions；hisoneambitionwastogainareputationforasceticismandholiness。Desiringtosurroundhisvisitwiththesolemnitybefittingsuchanimportantevent，hesetoutforLoudunattheheadofallhisparishioners，thewholeprocessiongoingonfoot，inordertoarouseinterestandcuriosity；butthismeasurewasquiteneedlessittooklessthanthattosetthetownagog。
Whilethefaithfulfilledthechurchesofferingupprayersforthesuccessoftheexorcisms，MignonandBarreenteredupontheirtaskattheconvent，wheretheyremainedshutupwiththenunsforsixhours。
AttheendofthistimeBarreappearedandannouncedtohisparishionersthattheymightgobacktoChinonwithouthim，forhehadmadeuphismindtoremainforthepresentatLoudun，inordertoaidthevenerabledirectoroftheUrsulineconventintheholyworkhehadundertaken；heenjoinedonthemtopraymorningandevening，withallpossiblefervour，that，inspiteoftheseriousdangersbywhichitwassurrounded，thegoodcausemightfinallytriumph。Thisadvice，unaccompaniedasitwasbyanyexplanation，redoubledthecuriosityofthepeople，andthebeliefgainedgroundthatitwasnotmerelyoneortwonunswhowerepossessedofdevils，butthewholesisterhood。
