第10章

类别:其他 作者:Samuel Scolnicov字数:4045更新时间:18/12/17 17:06:17
Anddoyourememberthattheolderbecomesolderthanthatwhichbecomesyounger? Iremember。 Thensincetheonebecomesolderthanitself,itbecomesyoungeratthesametime? Certainly。 Thus,then,theonebecomesolderaswellasyoungerthanitself? Yes。 Anditisolder(isitnot?)wheninbecoming,itgetstothepointoftime。between\"was\"and\"willbe,\"whichis\"now\":forsurelyingoingfromthepasttothefuture,itcannotskipthepresent? No。 Andwhenitarrivesatthepresentitstopsfrombecomingolder,andnolongerbecomes,butisolder,forifitwentonitwouldneverbereachedbythepresent,foritisthenatureofthatwhichgoeson,totouchboththepresentandthefuture,lettinggothepresentandseizingthefuture,whileinprocessofbecomingbetweenthem。 True。 Butthatwhichisbecomingcannotskipthepresent;whenitreachesthepresentitceasestobecome,andisthenwhateveritmayhappentobebecoming。 Clearly。 Andsotheone,wheninbecomingolderitreachesthepresent,ceasestobecome,andisthenolder。 Certainly。 Anditisolderthanthatthanwhichitwasbecomingolder,anditwasbecomingolderthanitself。 Yes。 Andthatwhichisolderisolderthanthatwhichisyounger? True。 Thentheoneisyoungerthanitself,wheninbecomingolderitreachesthepresent? Certainly。 Butthepresentisalwayspresentwiththeoneduringallitsbeing; forwheneveritisitisalwaysnow。 Certainly。 Thentheonealwaysbothisandbecomesolderandyoungerthanitself? Truly。 Andisitordoesitbecomealongertimethanitselforanequaltimewithitself? Anequaltime。 Butifitbecomesorisforanequaltimewithitself,itisofthesameagewithitself? Ofcourse。 Andthatwhichisofthesameage,isneitheroldernoryounger? No。 Theone,then,becomingandbeingthesametimewithitself,neitherisnorbecomesolderoryoungerthanitself? Ishouldsaynot。 Andwhatareitsrelationstootherthings?Isitordoesitbecomeolderoryoungerthanthey? Icannottellyou。 Youcanatleasttellmethatothersthantheonearemorethantheone—otherwouldhavebeenone,buttheothershavemultitude,andaremorethanone? Theywillhavemultitude。 Andamultitudeimpliesanumberlargerthanone? Ofcourse。 Andshallwesaythatthelesserorthegreateristhefirsttocomeortohavecomeintoexistence? Thelesser。 Thentheleastisthefirst?Andthatistheone? Yes。 Thentheoneofallthingsthathavenumberisthefirsttocomeintobeing;butallotherthingshavealsonumber,beingpluralandnotsingular。 Theyhave。 Andsinceitcameintobeingfirstitmustbesupposedtohavecomeintobeingpriortotheothers,andtheotherslater;andthethingswhichcameintobeinglater,areyoungerthanthatwhichprecededthem?Andsotheotherthingswillbeyoungerthantheone,andtheoneolderthanotherthings? True。 Whatwouldyousayofanotherquestion?Cantheonehavecomeintobeingcontrarytoitsownnature,oristhatimpossible? Impossible。 Andyet,surely,theonewasshowntohaveparts;andifparts,thenabeginning,middleandend? Yes。 Andabeginning,bothoftheoneitselfandofallotherthings,comesintobeingfirstofall;andafterthebeginning,theothersfollow,untilyoureachtheend? Certainly。 Andalltheseothersweshallaffirmtobepartsofthewholeandoftheone,which,assoonastheendisreached,hasbecomewholeandone? Yes;thatiswhatweshallsay。 Buttheendcomeslast,andtheoneisofsuchanatureastocomeintobeingwiththelast;and,sincetheonecannotcomeintobeingexceptinaccordancewithitsownnature,itsnaturewillrequirethatitshouldcomeintobeingaftertheothers,simultaneouslywiththeend。 Clearly。 Thentheoneisyoungerthantheothersandtheothersolderthantheone。 Thatalsoisclearinmyjudgment。 Well,andmustnotabeginningoranyotherpartoftheoneorofanything,ifitbeapartandnotparts,beingapart,bealsoofnecessityone? Certainly。 Andwillnottheonecomeintobeingtogetherwitheachpart—togetherwiththefirstpartwhenthatcomesintobeing,andtogetherwiththesecondpartandwithalltherest,andwillnotbewantingtoanypart,whichisaddedtoanyotherpartuntilithasreachedthelastandbecomeonewhole;itwillbewantingneithertothemiddle,nortothefirst,nortothelast,nortoanyofthem,whiletheprocessofbecomingisgoingon? True。 Thentheoneisofthesameagewithalltheothers,sothatiftheoneitselfdoesnotcontradictitsownnature,itwillbeneitherpriornorposteriortotheothers,butsimultaneous;andaccordingtothisargumenttheonewillbeneitheroldernoryoungerthantheothers,northeothersthantheone,butaccordingtothepreviousargumenttheonewillbeolderandyoungerthantheothersandtheothersthantheone。 Certainly。 Afterthismannerthentheoneisandhasbecome。Butastoitsbecomingolderandyoungerthantheothers,andtheothersthantheone,andneitherolder。noryounger,whatshallwesay?Shallwesayasofbeingsoalsoofbecoming,orotherwise? Icannotanswer。 ButIcanventuretosay,thatevenifonethingwereolderoryoungerthananother,itcouldnotbecomeolderoryoungerinagreaterdegreethanitwasatfirst;forequalsaddedtounequals,whethertoperiodsoftimeortoanythingelse,leavethedifferencebetweenthemthesameasatfirst。 Ofcourse。Thenthatwhichis,cannotbecomeolderoryoungerthanthatwhichis,sincethedifferenceofageisalwaysthesame;theoneisandhasbecomeolderandtheotheryounger;buttheyarenolongerbecomingso。 True。 AndtheonewhichisdoesnotthereforebecomeeitherolderoryoungerthantheotherswhichareNo。 Butconsiderwhethertheymaynotbecomeolderandyoungerinanotherway。 Inwhatway? Justastheonewasproventobeolderthantheothersandtheothersthantheone。 Andwhatofthat? Iftheoneisolderthantheothers,hascomeintobeingalongertimethantheothers。 Yes。 Butconsideragain;ifweaddequaltimetoagreaterandalesstime,willthegreaterdifferfromthelesstimebyanequalorbyasmallerportionthanbefore? Byasmallerportion。 Thenthedifferencebetweentheageoftheoneandtheageoftheotherswillnotbeafterwardssogreatasatfirst,butifanequaltimebeaddedtobothofthemtheywilldifferlessandlessinage? Yes。 Andthatwhichdiffersinagefromsomeotherlessthanformerly,frombeingolderwillbecomeyoungerinrelationtothatotherthanwhichitwasolder? Yes,younger。 Andiftheonebecomesyoungertheothersaforesaidwillbecomeolderthantheywerebefore,inrelationtotheone。 Certainly。 Thenthatwhichhadbecomeyoungerbecomesolderrelativelytothatwhichpreviouslyhadbecomeandwasolder;itneverreallyisolder,butisalwaysbecoming,fortheoneisalwaysgrowingonthesideofyouthandtheotheronthesideofage。Andinlikemannertheolderisalwaysinprocessofbecomingyoungerthantheyounger;forastheyarealwaysgoinginoppositedirectionstheybecomeinwaystheoppositetooneanother,theyoungerolderthantheolderandtheolderyoungerthantheyounger。Theycannot,howeverhavebecome;foriftheyhadalreadybecometheywouldbeandnotmerelybecome。Butthatisimpossible;fortheyarealwaysbecomingbotholderandyoungerthanoneanother:theonebecomesyoungerthantheothersbecauseitwasseentobeolderandprior,andtheothersbecomeolderthantheonebecausetheycameintobeinglater;andinthesamewaytheothersareinthesamerelationtotheone,becausetheywereseentobeolder,andpriortotheone。 Thatisclear。 Inasmuchthen,onethingdoesnotbecomeolderoryoungerthananother,inthattheyalwaysdifferfromeachotherbyanequalnumber,theonecannotbecomeolderoryoungerthantheothers,northeotherthantheone;butinasmuchasthatwhichcameintobeingearlierandthatwhichcameintobeinglatermustcontinuallydifferfromeachotherbyadifferentportion—inthispointofviewtheothersmustbecomeolderandyoungerthantheone,andtheonethantheothers。 Certainly。 Forallthesereasons,then,theoneisandbecomesolderandyoungerthanitselfandtheothers,andneitherisnorbecomesolderoryoungerthanitselfortheothers。 Certainly。 Butsincetheonepartakesoftime,andpartakesofbecomingolderandyounger,mustitnotalsopartakeofthepast,thepresent,andthefuture? Ofcourseitmust。 Thentheonewasandisandwillbe,andwasbecomingandisbecomingandwillbecome? Certainly。 Andthereisandwasandwillbesomethingwhichisinrelationtoitandbelongstoit? True。 Andsincewehaveatthismomentopinionandknowledgeandperceptionoftheone,thereisopinionandknowledgeandperceptionofit? Quiteright。 Thenthereisnameandexpressionforit,anditisnamedandexpressed,andeverythingofthiskindwhichappertainstoother: thingsappertainstotheone。 Certainly,thatistrue。 Yetoncemoreandforthethirdtime,letusconsider:Iftheoneisbothoneandmany,aswehavedescribed,andis,neitheronenormany,andparticipatesintime,mustitnot,inasfarasitisone,attimespartakeofbeing,andinasfarasitisnotone,attimesnotpartakeofbeing? Certainly。 Butcanitpartakeofbeingwhennotpartakingofbeing,ornotpartakeofbeingwhenpartakingofbeing? Impossible。 Thentheonepartakesanddoesnotpartakeofbeingatdifferenttimes,forthatistheonlywayinwhichitcanpartakeandnotpartakeofthesame。