InthepresenceofthatpowerfulandtitledassemblythelowlybornReformerseemedawedandembarrassed。Severaloftheprinces，observinghisemotion，approachedhim，andoneofthemwhispered:\"Fearnotthemwhichkillthebody，butarenotabletokillthesoul。\"Anothersaid:\"WhenyeshallbebroughtbeforegovernorsandkingsforMysake，itshallbegivenyou，bytheSpiritofyourFather，whatyeshallsay。\"ThusthewordsofChristwerebroughtbytheworld’sgreatmentostrengthenHisservantinthehouroftrial。
Lutherwasconductedtoapositiondirectlyinfrontoftheemperor’sthrone。Adeepsilencefelluponthecrowdedassembly。Thenanimperialofficeraroseand，pointingtoacollectionofLuther’swritings，demandedthattheReformeranswertwoquestions——whetherheacknowledgedthemashis，andwhetherheproposedtoretracttheopinionswhichhehadthereinadvanced。Thetitlesofthebookshaving156
beenread，Lutherrepliedthatastothefirstquestion，heacknowledgedthebookstobehis。\"Astothesecond，\"hesaid，\"seeingthatitisaquestionwhichconcernsfaithandthesalvationofsouls，andinwhichthewordofGod，thegreatestandmostprecioustreasureeitherinheavenorearth，isinvolved，IshouldactimprudentlywereItoreplywithoutreflection。I
mightaffirmlessthanthecircumstancedemands，ormorethantruthrequires，andsosinagainstthissayingofChrist:’WhosoevershalldenyMebeforemen，himwillIalsodenybeforeMyFatherwhichisinheaven。’
[Matthew10:33。]ForthisreasonIentreatyourimperialmajesty，withallhumility，toallowmetime，thatImayanswerwithoutoffendingagainstthewordofGod。\"——D’Aubigne，b。7，ch。8。
Inmakingthisrequest，Luthermovedwisely。Hiscourseconvincedtheassemblythathedidnotactfrompassionorimpulse。Suchcalmnessandself-command，unexpectedinonewhohadshownhimselfboldanduncompromising，addedtohispower，andenabledhimafterwardtoanswerwithaprudence，decision，wisdom，anddignitythatsurprisedanddisappointedhisadversaries，andrebukedtheirinsolenceandpride。
Thenextdayhewastoappeartorenderhisfinalanswer。Foratimehisheartsankwithinhimashecontemplatedtheforcesthatwerecombinedagainstthetruth。Hisfaithfaltered；fearfulnessandtremblingcameuponhim，andhorroroverwhelmedhim。Dangersmultipliedbeforehim；hisenemiesseemedabouttotriumph，andthepowersofdarknesstoprevail。CloudsgatheredabouthimandseemedtoseparatehimfromGod。HelongedfortheassurancethattheLordofhostswouldbewithhim。Inanguishofspirithethrewhimselfwithhisfaceupontheearthandpouredoutthosebroken，heart-rendingcries，whichnonebutGodcanfullyunderstand。
\"OalmightyandeverlastingGod，\"hepleaded，\"howterribleisthisworld！
Behold，itopenethitsmouthtoswallowmeup，andIhavesolittletrustinThee……Ifitis157
onlyinthestrengthofthisworldthatImustputmytrust，allisover……Mylasthouriscome，mycondemnationhasbeenpronounced……OGod，doThouhelpmeagainstallthewisdomoftheworld。Dothis，……Thoualone；……forthisisnotmywork，butThine。Ihavenothingtodohere，nothingtocontendforwiththesegreatonesoftheworld……ButthecauseisThine，……anditisarighteousandeternalcause。OLord，helpme！FaithfulandunchangeableGod，innomandoIplacemytrust……Allthatisofmanisuncertain；allthatcomethofmanfails……Thouhastchosenmeforthiswork……Standatmyside，forthesakeofThywell-belovedJesusChrist，whoismydefense，myshield，andmystrongtower。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。8。
Anall-wiseProvidencehadpermittedLuthertorealizehisperil，thathemightnottrusttohisownstrengthandrushpresumptuouslyintodanger。Yetitwasnotthefearofpersonalsuffering，adreadoftortureordeath，whichseemedimmediatelyimpending，thatoverwhelmedhimwithitsterror。Hehadcometothecrisis，andhefelthisinsufficiencytomeetit。Throughhisweaknessthecauseoftruthmightsufferloss。Notforhisownsafety，butforthetriumphofthegospeldidhewrestlewithGod。LikeIsrael’s，inthatnightstrugglebesidethelonelystream，wastheanguishandconflictofhissoul。LikeIsrael，heprevailedwithGod。InhisutterhelplessnesshisfaithfasteneduponChrist，themightyDeliverer。Hewasstrengthenedwiththeassurancethathewouldnotappearalonebeforethecouncil。Peacereturnedtohissoul，andherejoicedthathewaspermittedtoupliftthewordofGodbeforetherulersofthenations。
WithhismindstayeduponGod，Lutherpreparedforthestrugglebeforehim。
Hethoughtupontheplanofhisanswer，examinedpassagesinhisownwritings，anddrewfromtheHolyScripturessuitableproofstosustainhispositions。Then，layinghislefthandontheSacredVolume，whichwasopenbeforehim，heliftedhisrighthandtoheavenandvowed\"toremainfaithfultothegospel，and158
freelytoconfesshisfaith，evenshouldhesealhistestimonywithhisblood。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。8。
WhenhewasagainusheredintothepresenceoftheDiet，hiscountenanceborenotraceoffearorembarrassment。Calmandpeaceful，yetgrandlybraveandnoble，hestoodasGod’switnessamongthegreatonesoftheearth。Theimperialofficernowdemandedhisdecisionastowhetherhedesiredtoretracthisdoctrines。Luthermadehisanswerinasubduedandhumbletone，withoutviolenceorpassion。Hisdemeanorwasdiffidentandrespectful；yethemanifestedaconfidenceandjoythatsurprisedtheassembly。
\"Mostsereneemperor，illustriousprinces，graciouslords，\"saidLuther，\"I
appearbeforeyouthisday，inconformitywiththeordergivenmeyesterday，andbyGod’smerciesIconjureyourmajestyandyouraugusthighnessestolistengraciouslytothedefenseofacausewhichIamassuredisjustandtrue。If，throughignorance，Ishouldtransgresstheusagesandproprietiesofcourts，Ientreatyoutopardonme；forIwasnotbroughtupinthepalacesofkings，butintheseclusionofaconvent。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。8。
Then，proceedingtothequestion，hestatedthathispublishedworkswerenotallofthesamecharacter。Insomehehadtreatedoffaithandgoodworks，andevenhisenemiesdeclaredthemnotonlyharmlessbutprofitable。
Toretractthesewouldbetocondemntruthswhichallpartiesconfessed。Thesecondclassconsistedofwritingsexposingthecorruptionsandabusesofthepapacy。TorevoketheseworkswouldstrengthenthetyrannyofRomeandopenawiderdoortomanyandgreatimpieties。Inthethirdclassofhisbookshehadattackedindividualswhohaddefendedexistingevils。
Concerningthesehefreelyconfessedthathehadbeenmoreviolentthanwasbecoming。Hedidnotclaimtobefreefromfault；buteventhesebookshecouldnotrevoke，forsuchacoursewouldemboldentheenemiesoftruth，andtheywouldthentakeoccasiontocrushGod’speoplewithstillgreatercruelty。
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\"YetIambutamereman，andnotGod，\"hecontinued；\"IshallthereforedefendmyselfasChristdid:’IfIhavespokenevil，bearwitnessoftheevil。’……BythemercyofGod，Iconjureyou，mostsereneemperor，andyou，mostillustriousprinces，andallmenofeverydegree，toprovefromthewritingsoftheprophetsandapostlesthatIhaveerred。AssoonasIamconvincedofthis，Iwillretracteveryerror，andbethefirsttolayholdofmybooksandthrowthemintothefire。
\"WhatIhavejustsaidplainlyshows，Ihope，thatIhavecarefullyweighedandconsideredthedangerstowhichIexposemyself；butfarfrombeingdismayed，Irejoicetoseethatthegospelisnow，asinformertimes，acauseoftroubleanddissension。Thisisthecharacter，thisisthedestiny，ofthewordofGod。’Icamenottosendpeaceonearth，butasword，’saidJesusChrist。GodiswonderfulandterribleinHiscounsels；bewarelest，bypresumingtoquenchdissensions，youshouldpersecutetheholywordofGod，anddrawdownuponyourselvesafrightfuldelugeofinsurmountabledangers，ofpresentdisasters，andeternaldesolation……ImightquotemanyexamplesfromtheoraclesofGod。ImightspeakofthePharaohs，thekingsofBabylon，andthoseofIsrael，whoselaborsnevermoreeffectuallycontributedtotheirowndestructionthanwhentheysoughtbycounsels，toallappearancemostwise，tostrengthentheirdominion。’Godremovethmountains，andtheyknowitnot。’\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。8。
LutherhadspokeninGerman；hewasnowrequestedtorepeatthesamewordsinLatin。Thoughexhaustedbythepreviouseffort，hecomplied，andagaindeliveredhisspeech，withthesameclearnessandenergyasatthefirst。
God’sprovidencedirectedinthismatter。ThemindsofmanyoftheprincesweresoblindedbyerrorandsuperstitionthatatthefirstdeliverytheydidnotseetheforceofLuther’sreasoning；buttherepetitionenabledthemtoperceiveclearlythepointspresented。
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Thosewhostubbornlyclosedtheireyestothelight，anddeterminednottobeconvincedofthetruth，wereenragedatthepowerofLuther’swords。Asheceasedspeaking，thespokesmanoftheDietsaidangrily:\"Youhavenotansweredthequestionputtoyou……Youarerequiredtogiveaclearandpreciseanswer……Willyou，orwillyounot，retract？\"
TheReformeranswered:\"Sinceyourmostserenemajestyandyourhighmightinessesrequirefrommeaclear，simple，andpreciseanswer，Iwillgiveyouone，anditisthis:Icannotsubmitmyfaitheithertothepopeortothecouncils，becauseitisclearasthedaythattheyhavefrequentlyerredandcontradictedeachother。UnlessthereforeIamconvincedbythetestimonyofScriptureorbytheclearestreasoning，unlessIampersuadedbymeansofthepassagesIhavequoted，andunlesstheythusrendermyconscienceboundbythewordofGod，IcannotandIwillnotretract，foritisunsafeforaChristiantospeakagainsthisconscience。HereIstand，I
candonoother；mayGodhelpme。Amen。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。8。
ThusstoodthisrighteousmanuponthesurefoundationofthewordofGod。
Thelightofheavenilluminatedhiscountenance。Hisgreatnessandpurityofcharacter，hispeaceandjoyofheart，weremanifesttoallashetestifiedagainstthepoweroferrorandwitnessedtothesuperiorityofthatfaiththatovercomestheworld。
Thewholeassemblywereforatimespeechlesswithamazement。AthisfirstanswerLutherhadspokeninalowtone，witharespectful，almostsubmissivebearing。TheRomanistshadinterpretedthisasevidencethathiscouragewasbeginningtofail。Theyregardedtherequestfordelayasmerelythepreludetohisrecantation。Charleshimself，noting，halfcontemptuously，themonk’swornframe，hisplainattire，andthesimplicityofhisaddress，haddeclared:\"Thismonkwillnevermakeahereticofme。\"Thecourageandfirmnesswhichhenowdisplayed，aswellasthepowerandclearnessofhisreasoning，filledallpartieswithsurprise。
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Theemperor，movedtoadmiration，exclaimed:\"Thismonkspeakswithanintrepidheartandunshakencourage。\"ManyoftheGermanprinceslookedwithprideandjoyuponthisrepresentativeoftheirnation。
ThepartisansofRomehadbeenworsted；theircauseappearedinamostunfavorablelight。Theysoughttomaintaintheirpower，notbeappealingtotheScriptures，butbyaresorttothreats，Rome’sunfailingargument。SaidthespokesmanoftheDiet:\"Ifyoudonotretract，theemperorandthestatesoftheempirewillconsultwhatcoursetoadoptagainstanincorrigibleheretic。\"
Luther’sfriend，whohadwithgreatjoylistenedtohisnobledefense，trembledatthesewords；butthedoctorhimselfsaidcalmly:\"MayGodbemyhelper，forIcanretractnothing。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。8。
HewasdirectedtowithdrawfromtheDietwhiletheprincesconsultedtogether。Itwasfeltthatagreatcrisishadcome。Luther’spersistentrefusaltosubmitmightaffectthehistoryofthechurchforages。Itwasdecidedtogivehimonemoreopportunitytoretract。Forthelasttimehewasbroughtintotheassembly。Againthequestionwasput，whetherhewouldrenouncehisdoctrines。\"Ihavenootherreplytomake，\"hesaid，\"thanthatwhichIhavealreadymade。\"Itwasevidentthathecouldnotbeinduced，eitherbypromisesorthreats，toyieldtothemandateofRome。
Thepapalleaderswerechagrinedthattheirpower，whichhadcausedkingsandnoblestotremble，shouldbethusdespisedbyahumblemonk；theylongedtomakehimfeeltheirwrathbytorturinghislifeaway。ButLuther，understandinghisdanger，hadspokentoallwithChristiandignityandcalmness。Hiswordshadbeenfreefrompride，passion，andmisrepresentation。Hehadlostsightofhimself，andthegreatmensurroundinghim，andfeltonlythathewasinthepresenceofOneinfinitelysuperiortopopes，prelates，kings，andemperors。ChristhadspokenthroughLuther’stestimonywithapowerandgrandeurthatforthe162
timeinspiredbothfriendsandfoeswithaweandwonder。TheSpiritofGodhadbeenpresentinthatcouncil，impressingtheheartsofthechiefsoftheempire。SeveraloftheprincesboldlyacknowledgedthejusticeofLuther’scause。Manywereconvincedofthetruth；butwithsometheimpressionsreceivedwerenotlasting。Therewasanotherclasswhodidnotatthetimeexpresstheirconvictions，butwho，havingsearchedtheScripturesforthemselves，atafuturetimebecamefearlesssupportersoftheReformation。
TheelectorFrederickhadlookedforwardanxiouslytoLuther’sappearancebeforetheDiet，andwithdeepemotionhelistenedtohisspeech。Withjoyandpridehewitnessedthedoctor’scourage，firmness，andself-possession，anddeterminedtostandmorefirmlyinhisdefense。Hecontrastedthepartiesincontest，andsawthatthewisdomofpopes，kings，andprelateshadbeenbroughttonoughtbythepoweroftruth。Thepapacyhadsustainedadefeatwhichwouldbefeltamongallnationsandinallages。
AsthelegateperceivedtheeffectproducedbyLuther’sspeech，hefeared，asneverbefore，forthesecurityoftheRomishpower，andresolvedtoemployeverymeansathiscommandtoeffecttheReformer’soverthrow。Withalltheeloquenceanddiplomaticskillforwhichhewassoeminentlydistinguished，herepresentedtotheyouthfulemperorthefollyanddangerofsacrificing，inthecauseofaninsignificantmonk，thefriendshipandsupportofthepowerfulseeofRome。
Hiswordswerenotwithouteffect。OnthedayfollowingLuther’sanswer，CharlescausedamessagetobepresentedtotheDiet，announcinghisdeterminationtocarryoutthepolicyofhispredecessorstomaintainandprotecttheCatholicreligion。SinceLutherhadrefusedtorenouncehiserrors，themostvigorousmeasuresshouldbeemployedagainsthimandtheheresieshetaught。\"Asinglemonk，misledbyhisownfolly，hasrisenagainstthefaithofChristendom。Tostaysuchimpiety，Iwillsacrificemykingdoms，mytreasures，163
myfriends，mybody，myblood，mysoul，andmylife。IamabouttodismisstheAugustineLuther，forbiddinghimtocausetheleastdisorderamongthepeople；Ishallthenproceedagainsthimandhisadherentsascontumaciousheretics，byexcommunication，byinterdict，andbyeverymeanscalculatedtodestroythem。IcallonthemembersofthestatestobehavelikefaithfulChristians。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。9。NeverthelesstheemperordeclaredthatLuther’ssafe-conductmustberespected，andthatbeforeproceedingsagainsthimcouldbeinstituted，hemustbeallowedtoreachhishomeinsafety。
TwoconflictingopinionswerenowurgedbythemembersoftheDiet。TheemissariesandrepresentativesofthepopeagaindemandedthattheReformer’ssafe-conductshouldbedisregarded。\"TheRhine，\"theysaid，\"shouldreceivehisashes，asithadreceivedthoseofJohnHussacenturyago。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。9。ButprincesofGermany，thoughthemselvespapistsandavowedenemiestoLuther，protestedagainstsuchabreachofpublicfaith，asastainuponthehonorofthenation。TheypointedtothecalamitieswhichhadfollowedthedeathofHuss，anddeclaredthattheydarednotcalldownuponGermany，andupontheheadoftheiryouthfulemperor，arepetitionofthoseterribleevils。
Charleshimself，inanswertothebaseproposal，said:\"Thoughhonorandfaithshouldbebanishedfromalltheworld，theyoughttofindarefugeintheheartsofprinces。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。9。HewasstillfurtherurgedbythemostbitterofLuther’spapalenemiestodealwiththeReformerasSigismundhaddealtwithHuss——abandonhimtothemerciesofthechurch；butrecallingthescenewhenHussinpublicassemblyhadpointedtohischainsandremindedthemonarchofhisplightedfaith，CharlesVdeclared:\"I
shouldnotliketoblushlikeSigismund。\"——Lenfant，vol。1，p。422。
YetCharleshaddeliberatelyrejectedthetruthspresentedbyLuther。\"Iamfirmlyresolvedtoimitatetheexampleofmyancestors，\"wrotethemonarch——D’Aubigne，b。7，ch。9。Hehaddecidedthathewouldnotstepoutofthepathof164
custom，eventowalkinthewaysoftruthandrighteousness。Becausehisfathersdid，hewouldupholdthepapacy，withallitscrueltyandcorruption。Thushetookhisposition，refusingtoacceptanylightinadvanceofwhathisfathershadreceived，ortoperformanydutythattheyhadnotperformed。
Therearemanyatthepresentdaythusclingingtothecustomsandtraditionsoftheirfathers。WhentheLordsendsthemadditionallight，theyrefusetoacceptit，because，nothavingbeengrantedtotheirfathers，itwasnotreceivedbythem。Wearenotplacedwhereourfatherswere；
consequentlyourdutiesandresponsibilitiesarenotthesameastheirs。WeshallnotbeapprovedofGodinlookingtotheexampleofourfatherstodetermineourdutyinsteadofsearchingthewordoftruthforourselves。Ourresponsibilityisgreaterthanwasthatofourancestors。Weareaccountableforthelightwhichtheyreceived，andwhichwashandeddownasaninheritanceforus，andweareaccountablealsofortheadditionallightwhichisnowshininguponusfromthewordofGod。
SaidChristoftheunbelievingJews:\"IfIhadnotcomeandspokenuntothem，theyhadnothadsin:butnowtheyhavenocloakfortheirsin。\"John15:22。ThesamedivinepowerhadspokenthroughLuthertotheemperorandprincesofGermany。AndasthelightshoneforthfromGod’sword，HisSpiritpleadedforthelasttimewithmanyinthatassembly。AsPilate，centuriesbefore，permittedprideandpopularitytoclosehisheartagainsttheworld’sRedeemer；asthetremblingFelixbadethemessengeroftruth，\"Gothywayforthistime；whenIhaveaconvenientseason，Iwillcallforthee；\"astheproudAgrippaconfessed，\"AlmostthoupersuadestmetobeaChristian\"(Acts24:25；26:28)，yetturnedawayfromtheHeaven-sentmessage——sohadCharlesV，yieldingtothedictatesofworldlyprideandpolicy，decidedtorejectthelightoftruth。
RumorsofthedesignsagainstLutherwerewidelycirculated，causinggreatexcitementthroughoutthecity。The165
Reformerhadmademanyfriends，who，knowingthetreacherouscrueltyofRometowardallwhodaredexposehercorruptions，resolvedthatheshouldnotbesacrificed。Hundredsofnoblespledgedthemselvestoprotecthim。NotafewopenlydenouncedtheroyalmessageofevincingaweaksubmissiontothecontrollingpowerofRome。Onthegatesofhousesandinpublicplaces，placardswereposted，somecondemningandotherssustainingLuther。Ononeofthesewerewrittenmerelythesignificantwordsofthewiseman:\"Woetothee，Oland，whenthykingisachild。\"Ecclesiastes10:16。ThepopularenthusiasminLuther’sfavorthroughoutallGermanyconvincedboththeemperorandtheDietthatanyinjusticeshownhimwouldendangerthepeaceoftheempireandeventhestabilityofthethrone。
FrederickofSaxonymaintainedastudiedreserve，carefullyconcealinghisrealfeelingstowardtheReformer，whileatthesametimeheguardedhimwithtirelessvigilance，watchingallhismovementsandallthoseofhisenemies。ButthereweremanywhomadenoattempttoconcealtheirsympathywithLuther。Hewasvisitedbyprinces，counts，barons，andotherpersonsofdistinction，bothlayandecclesiastical。\"Thedoctor’slittleroom，\"wroteSpalatin，\"couldnotcontainallthevisitorswhopresentedthemselves。\"——
Martyn，vol。1，p。404。Thepeoplegazeduponhimasifheweremorethanhuman。Eventhosewhohadnofaithinhisdoctrinescouldnotbutadmirethatloftyintegritywhichledhimtobravedeathratherthanviolatehisconscience。
EarnesteffortsweremadetoobtainLuther’sconsenttoacompromisewithRome。Noblesandprincesrepresentedtohimthatifhepersistedinsettinguphisownjudgmentagainstthatofthechurchandthecouncilshewouldsoonbebanishedfromtheempireandwouldhavenodefense。TothisappealLutheranswered:\"ThegospelofChristcannotbepreachedwithoutoffense……WhythenshouldthefearorapprehensionofdangerseparatemefromtheLord，andfromthatdivinewordwhichaloneistruth？No；I
166
wouldrathergiveupmybody，myblood，andmylife。\"——D’Aubigne，b。7，ch。
10。
Againhewasurgedtosubmittothejudgmentoftheemperor，andthenhewouldhavenothingtofear。\"Iconsent，\"saidheinreply，\"withallmyheart，thattheemperor，theprinces，andeventhemeanestChristian，shouldexamineandjudgemyworks；butononecondition，thattheytakethewordofGodfortheirstandard。Menhavenothingtodobuttoobeyit。Donotofferviolencetomyconscience，whichisboundandchainedupwiththeHolyScriptures。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。10。
Toanotherappealhesaid:\"Iconsenttorenouncemysafe-conduct。Iplacemypersonandmylifeintheemperor’shands，butthewordofGod——never！\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。10。Hestatedhiswillingnesstosubmittothedecisionofageneralcouncil，butonlyonconditionthatthecouncilberequiredtodecideaccordingtotheScriptures。\"InwhatconcernsthewordofGodandthefaith，\"headded，\"everyChristianisasgoodajudgeasthepope，thoughsupportedbyamillioncouncils，canbeforhim。\"——Martyn，vol。
1，p。410。Bothfriendsandfoeswereatlastconvincedthatfurthereffortforreconciliationwouldbeuseless。
HadtheReformeryieldedasinglepoint，Satanandhishostswouldhavegainedthevictory。Buthisunwaveringfirmnesswasthemeansofemancipatingthechurch，andbeginninganewandbetterera。Theinfluenceofthisoneman，whodaredtothinkandactforhimselfinreligiousmatters，wastoaffectthechurchandtheworld，notonlyinhisowntime，butinallfuturegenerations。Hisfirmnessandfidelitywouldstrengthenall，tothecloseoftime，whoshouldpassthroughasimilarexperience。ThepowerandmajestyofGodstoodforthabovethecounselofmen，abovethemightypowerofSatan。
Lutherwassooncommandedbytheauthorityoftheemperortoreturnhome，andheknewthatthisnoticewouldbespeedilyfollowedbyhiscondemnation。
Threateningcloudsoverhunghispath；butashedepartedfromWorms，his167
heartwasfilledwithjoyandpraise。\"Thedevilhimself，\"saidhe，\"guardedthepope’scitadel；butChristhasmadeawidebreachinit，andSatanwasconstrainedtoconfessthattheLordismightierthanhe。\"——D’Aubigne，b。7，ch。11。
Afterhisdeparture，stilldesirousthathisfirmnessshouldnotbemistakenforrebellion，Lutherwrotetotheemperor。\"God，whoisthesearcherofhearts，ismywitness，\"hesaid，\"thatIamreadymostearnestlytoobeyyourmajesty，inhonororindishonor，inlifeorindeath，andwithnoexceptionsavethewordofGod，bywhichmanlives。Inalltheaffairsofthispresentlife，myfidelityshallbeunshaken，forheretoloseortogainisofnoconsequencetosalvation。Butwheneternalinterestsareconcerned，Godwillsnotthatmanshouldsubmituntoman。Forsuchsubmissioninspiritualmattersisarealworship，andoughttoberenderedsolelytotheCreator。\"——Ibid。，b。7，ch。11。
OnthejourneyfromWorms，Luther’sreceptionwasevenmoreflatteringthanduringhisprogressthither。Princelyecclesiasticswelcomedtheexcommunicatedmonk，andcivilrulershonoredthemanwhomtheemperorhaddenounced。Hewasurgedtopreach，and，notwithstandingtheimperialprohibition，heagainenteredthepulpit。\"IneverpledgedmyselftochainupthewordofGod，\"hesaid，\"norwillI。\"——Martyn，vol。1，p。420。
HehadnotbeenlongabsentfromWorms，whenthepapistsprevailedupontheemperortoissueanedictagainsthim。InthisdecreeLutherwasdenouncedas\"Satanhimselfundertheformofamananddressedinamonk’sfrock。\"——
D’Aubigne，b。7，ch。11。Itwascommandedthatassoonashissafe-conductshouldexpire，measuresbetakentostophiswork。Allpersonswereforbiddentoharborhim，togivehimfoodordrink，orbywordoract，inpublicorprivate，toaidorabethim。Hewastobeseizedwhereverhemightbe，anddeliveredtotheauthorities。Hisadherentsalsoweretobeimprisonedandtheirpropertyconfiscated。Hiswritingsweretobedestroyed，and，finally，allwhoshoulddaretoactcontrarytothisdecreewereincludedinitscondemnation。
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TheelectorofSaxonyandtheprincesmostfriendlytoLutherhadleftWormssoonafterhisdeparture，andtheemperor’sdecreereceivedthesanctionoftheDiet。NowtheRomanistswerejubilant。TheyconsideredthefateoftheReformationsealed。
GodhadprovidedawayofescapeforHisservantinthishourofperil。A
vigilanteyehadfollowedLuther’smovements，andatrueandnoblehearthadresolveduponhisrescue。ItwasplainthatRomewouldbesatisfiedwithnothingshortofhisdeath；onlybyconcealmentcouldhebepreservedfromthejawsofthelion。GodgavewisdomtoFrederickofSaxonytodeviseaplanfortheReformer’spreservation。Withtheco-operationoftruefriendstheelector’spurposewascarriedout，andLutherwaseffectuallyhiddenfromfriendsandfoes。Uponhishomewardjourneyhewasseized，separatedfromhisattendants，andhurriedlyconveyedthroughtheforesttothecastleofWartburg，anisolatedmountainfortress。BothhisseizureandhisconcealmentweresoinvolvedinmysterythatevenFrederickhimselfforalongtimeknewnotwhitherhehadbeenconducted。Thisignorancewasnotwithoutdesign；solongastheelectorknewnothingofLuther’swhereabouts，hecouldrevealnothing。HesatisfiedhimselfthattheReformerwassafe，andwiththisknowledgehewascontent。
Spring，summer，andautumnpassed，andwintercame，andLutherstillremainedaprisoner。Aleanderandhispartisansexultedasthelightofthegospelseemedabouttobeextinguished。Butinsteadofthis，theReformerwasfillinghislampfromthestorehouseoftruth；anditslightwastoshineforthwithbrighterradiance。
InthefriendlysecurityoftheWartburg，Lutherforatimerejoicedinhisreleasefromtheheatandturmoilofbattle。Buthecouldnotlongfindsatisfactioninquietandrepose。Accustomedtoalifeofactivityandsternconflict，hecouldillenduretoremaininactive。Inthosesolitarydaystheconditionofthechurchroseupbeforehim，and169
hecriedindespair。\"Alas！thereisnooneinthislatterdayofHisanger，tostandlikeawallbeforetheLord，andsaveIsrael！\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。2。
Again，histhoughtsreturnedtohimself，andhefearedbeingchargedwithcowardiceinwithdrawingfromthecontest。Thenhereproachedhimselfforhisindolenceandself-indulgence。Yetatthesametimehewasdailyaccomplishingmorethanitseemedpossibleforonemantodo。Hispenwasneveridle。Whilehisenemiesflatteredthemselvesthathewassilenced，theywereastonishedandconfusedbytangibleproofthathewasstillactive。Ahostoftracts，issuingfromhispen，circulatedthroughoutGermany。HealsoperformedamostimportantserviceforhiscountrymenbytranslatingtheNewTestamentintotheGermantongue。FromhisrockyPatmoshecontinuedfornearlyawholeyeartoproclaimthegospelandrebukethesinsanderrorsofthetimes。
ButitwasnotmerelytopreserveLutherfromthewrathofhisenemies，noreventoaffordhimaseasonofquietfortheseimportantlabors，thatGodhadwithdrawnHisservantfromthestageofpubliclife。Therewereresultsmorepreciousthanthesetobesecured。Inthesolitudeandobscurityofhismountainretreat，Lutherwasremovedfromearthlysupportsandshutoutfromhumanpraise。Hewasthussavedfromtheprideandself-confidencethataresooftencausedbysuccess。Bysufferingandhumiliationhewaspreparedagaintowalksafelyuponthedizzyheightstowhichhehadbeensosuddenlyexalted。
Asmenrejoiceinthefreedomwhichthetruthbringsthem，theyareinclinedtoextolthosewhomGodhasemployedtobreakthechainsoferrorandsuperstition。Satanseekstodivertmen’sthoughtsandaffectionsfromGod，andtofixthemuponhumanagencies；heleadsthemtohonorthemereinstrumentandtoignoretheHandthatdirectsalltheeventsofprovidence。
ToooftenreligiousleaderswhoarethuspraisedandreverencedlosesightoftheirdependenceuponGodandareledtotrustinthemselves。As170
aresulttheyseektocontrolthemindsandconsciencesofthepeople，whoaredisposedtolooktothemforguidanceinsteadoflookingtothewordofGod。Theworkofreformisoftenretardedbecauseofthisspiritindulgedbyitssupporters。Fromthisdanger，GodwouldguardthecauseoftheReformation。Hedesiredthatworktoreceive，nottheimpressofman，butthatofGod。TheeyesofmenhadbeenturnedtoLutherastheexpounderofthetruth；hewasremovedthatalleyesmightbedirectedtotheeternalAuthoroftruth。
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Chapter9
TheSwissReformerInthechoiceofinstrumentalitiesforthereformingofthechurch，thesamedivineplanisseenasinthatfortheplantingofthechurch。TheheavenlyTeacherpassedbythegreatmenoftheearth，thetitledandwealthy，whowereaccustomedtoreceivepraiseandhomageasleadersofthepeople。Theyweresoproudandself-confidentintheirboastedsuperioritythattheycouldnotbemoldedtosympathizewiththeirfellowmenandtobecomecolaborerswiththehumbleManofNazareth。Totheunlearned，toilingfishermenofGalileewasthecalladdressed:\"FollowMe，andIwillmakeyoufishersofmen。\"Matthew4:19。Thesediscipleswerehumbleandteachable。
Thelesstheyhadbeeninfluencedbythefalseteachingoftheirtime，themoresuccessfullycouldChristinstructandtrainthemforHisservice。SointhedaysoftheGreatReformation。TheleadingReformersweremenfromhumblelife——menwhoweremostfreeofanyoftheirtimefromprideofrankandfromtheinfluenceofbigotryandpriestcraft。ItisGod’splantoemployhumbleinstrumentstoaccomplishgreatresults。Thentheglorywillnotbegiventomen，buttoHimwhoworksthroughthemtowillandtodoofHisowngoodpleasure。
AfewweeksafterthebirthofLutherinaminer’scabininSaxony，UlricZwingliwasborninaherdsman’scottageamongtheAlps。Zwingli’ssurroundingsinchildhood，and172
hisearlytraining，weresuchastopreparehimforhisfuturemission。
Rearedamidscenesofnaturalgrandeur，beauty，andawfulsublimity，hismindwasearlyimpressedwithasenseofthegreatness，thepower，andthemajestyofGod。Thehistoryofthebravedeedsachieveduponhisnativemountainskindledhisyouthfulaspirations。AndatthesideofhispiousgrandmotherhelistenedtothefewpreciousBiblestorieswhichshehadgleanedfromamidthelegendsandtraditionsofthechurch。Witheagerinterestheheardofthegranddeedsofpatriarchsandprophets，oftheshepherdswhowatchedtheirflocksonthehillsofPalestinewhereangelstalkedwiththem，oftheBabeofBethlehemandtheManofCalvary。
LikeJohnLuther，Zwingli’sfatherdesiredaneducationforhisson，andtheboywasearlysentfromhisnativevalley。Hismindrapidlydeveloped，anditsoonbecameaquestionwheretofindteacherscompetenttoinstructhim。
AttheageofthirteenhewenttoBern，whichthenpossessedthemostdistinguishedschoolinSwitzerland。Here，however，adangerarosewhichthreatenedtoblightthepromiseofhislife。Determinedeffortswereputforthbythefriarstoallurehimintoamonastery。TheDominicanandFranciscanmonkswereinrivalryforpopularfavor。Thistheyendeavoredtosecurebytheshowyadornmentsoftheirchurches，thepompoftheirceremonials，andtheattractionsoffamousrelicsandmiracle-workingimages。
TheDominicansofBernsawthatiftheycouldwinthistalentedyoungscholar，theywouldsecurebothgainandhonor。Hisextremeyouth，hisnaturalabilityasaspeakerandwriter，andhisgeniusformusicandpoetry，wouldbemoreeffectivethanalltheirpompanddisplay，inattractingthepeopletotheirservicesandincreasingtherevenuesoftheirorder。BydeceitandflatterytheyendeavoredtoinduceZwinglitoentertheirconvent。Luther，whileastudentatschool，hadburiedhimselfinaconventcell，andhewouldhavebeenlosttotheworldhadnotGod’sprovidencereleasedhim。Zwingliwasnotpermittedtoencounterthe173
sameperil。Providentiallyhisfatherreceivedinformationofthedesignsofthefriars。Hehadnointentionofallowinghissontofollowtheidleandworthlesslifeofthemonks。Hesawthathisfutureusefulnesswasatstake，anddirectedhimtoreturnhomewithoutdelay。
Thecommandwasobeyed；buttheyouthcouldnotbelongcontentinhisnativevalley，andhesoonresumedhisstudies，repairing，afteratime，toBasel。ItwasherethatZwinglifirstheardthegospelofGod’sfreegrace。
Wittembach，ateacheroftheancientlanguages，had，whilestudyingGreekandHebrew，beenledtotheHolyScriptures，andthusraysofdivinelightwereshedintothemindsofthestudentsunderhisinstruction。Hedeclaredthattherewasatruthmoreancient，andofinfinitelygreaterworth，thanthetheoriestaughtbyschoolmenandphilosophers。ThisancienttruthwasthatthedeathofChrististhesinner’sonlyransom。ToZwinglithesewordswereasthefirstrayoflightthatprecedesthedawn。
ZwingliwassooncalledfromBaseltoenteruponhislifework。HisfirstfieldoflaborwasinanAlpineparish，notfardistantfromhisnativevalley。Havingreceivedordinationasapriest，he\"devotedhimselfwithhiswholesoultothesearchafterdivinetruth；forhewaswellaware，\"saysafellowReformer，\"howmuchhemustknowtowhomtheflockofChristisentrusted。\"——Wylie，b。8，ch。5。ThemorehesearchedtheScriptures，theclearerappearedthecontrastbetweentheirtruthsandtheheresiesofRome。
HesubmittedhimselftotheBibleasthewordofGod，theonlysufficient，infalliblerule。Hesawthatitmustbeitsowninterpreter。HedarednotattempttoexplainScripturetosustainapreconceivedtheoryordoctrine，butheldithisdutytolearnwhatisitsdirectandobviousteaching。Hesoughttoavailhimselfofeveryhelptoobtainafullandcorrectunderstandingofitsmeaning，andheinvokedtheaidoftheHolySpirit，whichwould，hedeclared，revealittoallwhosoughtitinsincerityandwithprayer。
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\"TheScriptures，\"saidZwingli，\"comefromGod，notfromman，andeventhatGodwhoenlightenswillgivetheetounderstandthatthespeechcomesfromGod。ThewordofGod……cannotfail；itisbright，itteachesitself，itdisclosesitself，itilluminesthesoulwithallsalvationandgrace，comfortsitinGod，humblesit，sothatitlosesandevenforfeitsitself，andembracesGod。\"ThetruthofthesewordsZwinglihimselfhadproved。
Speakingofhisexperienceatthistime，heafterwardwrote:\"When……I
begantogivemyselfwhollyuptotheHolyScriptures，philosophyandtheology(scholastic)wouldalwayskeepsuggestingquarrelstome。AtlastI
cametothis，thatIthought，`Thoumustletallthatlie，andlearnthemeaningofGodpurelyoutofHisownsimpleword。’ThenIbegantoaskGodforHislight，andtheScripturesbegantobemucheasiertome。\"——Ibid。，b。
8，ch。6。
ThedoctrinepreachedbyZwingliwasnotreceivedfromLuther。ItwasthedoctrineofChrist。\"IfLutherpreachesChrist，\"saidtheSwissReformer，\"hedoeswhatIamdoing。ThosewhomhehasbroughttoChristaremorenumerousthanthosewhomIhaveled。Butthismattersnot。IwillbearnoothernamethanthatofChrist，whosesoldierIam，andwhoaloneismyChief。NeverhasonesinglewordbeenwrittenbymetoLuther，norbyLuthertome。Andwhy？……ThatitmightbeshownhowmuchtheSpiritofGodisinunisonwithitself，sincebothofus，withoutanycollusion，teachthedoctrineofChristwithsuchuniformity。\"——D’Aubigne，b。8，ch。9。
In1516ZwingliwasinvitedtobecomeapreacherintheconventatEinsiedeln。HerehewastohaveacloserviewofthecorruptionsofRomeandwastoexertaninfluenceasaReformerthatwouldbefeltfarbeyondhisnativeAlps。AmongthechiefattractionsofEinsiedelnwasanimageoftheVirginwhichwassaidtohavethepowerofworkingmiracles。Abovethegatewayoftheconventwastheinscription，\"Hereaplenaryremissionofsinsmaybe175
obtained。\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。5。PilgrimsatallseasonsresortedtotheshrineoftheVirgin；butatthegreatyearlyfestivalofitsconsecrationmultitudescamefromallpartsofSwitzerland，andevenfromFranceandGermany。Zwingli，greatlyafflictedatthesight，seizedtheopportunitytoproclaimlibertythroughthegospeltothesebondslavesofsuperstition。
\"Donotimagine，\"hesaid，\"thatGodisinthistemplemorethaninanyotherpartofcreation。Whateverbethecountryinwhichyoudwell，Godisaroundyou，andhearsyou……Canunprofitableworks，longpilgrimages，offerings，images，theinvocationoftheVirginorofthesaints，secureforyouthegraceofGod？……Whatavailsthemultitudeofwordswithwhichweembodyourprayers？Whatefficacyhasaglossycowl，asmooth-shornhead，alongandflowingrobe，orgold-embroideredslippers？……Godlooksattheheart，andourheartsarefarfromHim。\"\"Christ，\"hesaid，\"whowasonceoffereduponthecross，isthesacrificeandvictim，thathadmadesatisfactionforthesinsofbelieverstoalleternity。\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。
5。
Tomanylistenerstheseteachingswereunwelcome。Itwasabitterdisappointmenttothemtobetoldthattheirtoilsomejourneyhadbeenmadeinvain。ThepardonfreelyofferedtothemthroughChristtheycouldnotcomprehend。TheyweresatisfiedwiththeoldwaytoheavenwhichRomehadmarkedoutforthem。Theyshrankfromtheperplexityofsearchingforanythingbetter。Itwaseasiertotrusttheirsalvationtothepriestsandthepopethantoseekforpurityofheart。
ButanotherclassreceivedwithgladnessthetidingsofredemptionthroughChrist。TheobservancesenjoinedbyRomehadfailedtobringpeaceofsoul，andinfaiththeyacceptedtheSaviour’sbloodastheirpropitiation。Thesereturnedtotheirhomestorevealtoothersthepreciouslightwhichtheyhadreceived。Thetruthwasthuscarriedfromhamlettohamlet，fromtowntotown，andthenumberofpilgrimstotheVirgin’sshrinegreatlylessened。
Therewas176
afallingoffintheofferings，andconsequentlyinthesalaryofZwingli，whichwasdrawnfromthem。Butthiscausedhimonlyjoyashesawthatthepoweroffanaticismandsuperstitionwasbeingbroken。
TheauthoritiesofthechurchwerenotblindtotheworkwhichZwingliwasaccomplishing；butforthepresenttheyforboretointerfere。Hopingyettosecurehimtotheircause，theyendeavoredtowinhimbyflatteries；andmeanwhilethetruthwasgainingaholdupontheheartsofthepeople。
Zwingli’slaborsatEinsiedelnhadpreparedhimforawiderfield，andthishewassoontoenter。AfterthreeyearsherehewascalledtotheofficeofpreacherinthecathedralatZurich。ThiswasthenthemostimportanttownoftheSwissconfederacy，andtheinfluenceexertedherewouldbewidelyfelt。TheecclesiasticsbywhoseinvitationhecametoZurichwere，however，desirousofpreventinganyinnovations，andtheyaccordinglyproceededtoinstructhimastohisduties。
\"Youwillmakeeveryexertion，\"theysaid，\"tocollecttherevenuesofthechapter，withoutoverlookingtheleast。Youwillexhortthefaithful，bothfromthepulpitandintheconfessional，topayalltithesanddues，andtoshowbytheirofferingstheiraffectiontothechurch。Youwillbediligentinincreasingtheincomearisingfromthesick，frommasses，andingeneralfromeveryecclesiasticalordinance。\"\"Asfortheadministrationofthesacraments，thepreaching，andthecareoftheflock，\"addedhisinstructors，\"thesearealsothedutiesofthechaplain。Butfortheseyoumayemployasubstitute，andparticularlyinpreaching。Youshouldadministerthesacramentstononebutpersonsofnote，andonlywhencalledupon；youareforbiddentodosowithoutdistinctionofpersons。\"——Ibid。，b。
8，ch。6。
Zwinglilistenedinsilencetothischarge，andinreply，afterexpressinghisgratitudeforthehonorofacalltothisimportantstation，heproceededtoexplainthecoursewhich177
heproposedtoadopt。\"ThelifeofChrist，\"hesaid，\"hasbeentoolonghiddenfromthepeople。IshallpreachuponthewholeoftheGospelofSt。
Matthew，……drawingsolelyfromthefountainsofScripture，soundingitsdepths，comparingonepassagewithanother，andseekingforunderstandingbyconstantandearnestprayer。ItistoGod’sglory，tothepraiseofHisonlySon，totherealsalvationofsouls，andtotheiredificationinthetruefaith，thatIshallconsecratemyministry。\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。6。Thoughsomeoftheecclesiasticsdisapprovedhisplan，andendeavoredtodissuadehimfromit，Zwingliremainedsteadfast。Hedeclaredthathewasabouttointroducenonewmethod，buttheoldmethodemployedbythechurchinearlierandpurertimes。
Alreadyaninteresthadbeenawakenedinthetruthshetaught；andthepeopleflockedingreatnumberstolistentohispreaching。Manywhohadlongsinceceasedtoattendservicewereamonghishearers。HebeganhisministrybyopeningtheGospelsandreadingandexplainingtohishearerstheinspirednarrativeofthelife，teachings，anddeathofChrist。Here，asatEinsiedeln，hepresentedthewordofGodastheonlyinfallibleauthorityandthedeathofChristastheonlycompletesacrifice。\"ItistoChrist，\"
hesaid，\"thatIdesiretoleadyou——toChrist，thetruesourceofsalvation。\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。6。Aroundthepreachercrowdedthepeopleofallclasses，fromstatesmenandscholarstotheartisanandthepeasant。
Withdeepinteresttheylistenedtohiswords。Henotonlyproclaimedtheofferofafreesalvation，butfearlesslyrebukedtheevilsandcorruptionsofthetimes。ManyreturnedfromthecathedralpraisingGod。\"Thisman，\"
theysaid，\"isapreacherofthetruth。HewillbeourMoses，toleadusforthfromthisEgyptiandarkness。\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。6。
Butthoughatfirsthislaborswerereceivedwithgreatenthusiasm，afteratimeoppositionarose。Themonkssetthemselvestohinderhisworkandcondemnhisteachings。
178
Manyassailedhimwithgibesandsneers；othersresortedtoinsolenceandthreats。ButZwingliboreallwithpatience，saying:\"IfwedesiretogainoverthewickedtoJesusChrist，wemustshutoureyesagainstmanythings。\"——
Ibid。，b。8，ch。6。
Aboutthistimeanewagencycameintoadvancetheworkofreform。OneLucianwassenttoZurichwithsomeofLuther’swritings，byafriendofthereformedfaithatBasel，whosuggestedthatthesaleofthesebooksmightbeapowerfulmeansofscatteringthelight。\"Ascertain，\"hewrotetoZwingli，\"whetherthismanpossessessufficientprudenceandskill；ifso，lethimcarryfromcitytocity，fromtowntotown，fromvillagetovillage，andevenfromhousetohouse，amongtheSwiss，theworksofLuther，andespeciallyhisexpositionoftheLord’sPrayerwrittenforthelaity。Themoretheyareknown，themorepurchaserstheywillfind。\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。
6。Thusthelightfoundentrance。
AtthetimewhenGodispreparingtobreaktheshacklesofignoranceandsuperstition，thenitisthatSatanworkswithgreatestpowertoenshroudmenindarknessandtobindtheirfettersstillmorefirmly。AsmenwererisingupindifferentlandstopresenttothepeopleforgivenessandjustificationthroughthebloodofChrist，RomeproceededwithrenewedenergytoopenhermarketthroughoutChristendom，offeringpardonformoney。
Everysinhaditsprice，andmenweregrantedfreelicenseforcrimeifthetreasuryofthechurchwaskeptwellfilled。Thusthetwomovementsadvanced，——oneofferingforgivenessofsinformoney，theotherforgivenessthroughChrist，——Romelicensingsinandmakingithersourceofrevenue；
theReformerscondemningsinandpointingtoChristasthepropitiationanddeliverer。
InGermanythesaleofindulgenceshadbeencommittedtotheDominicanfriarsandwasconductedbytheinfamousTetzel。InSwitzerlandthetrafficwasputintothehandsoftheFranciscans，underthecontrolofSamson，anItalian179
monk。Samsonhadalreadydonegoodservicetothechurch，havingsecuredimmensesumsfromGermanyandSwitzerlandtofillthepapaltreasury。NowhetraversedSwitzerland，attractinggreatcrowds，despoilingthepoorpeasantsoftheirscantyearnings，andexactingrichgiftsfromthewealthyclasses。
Buttheinfluenceofthereformalreadymadeitselffeltincurtailing，thoughitcouldnotstop，thetraffic。ZwingliwasstillatEinsiedelnwhenSamson，soonafterenteringSwitzerland，arrivedwithhiswaresataneighboringtown。Beingapprisedofhismission，theReformerimmediatelysetouttoopposehim。Thetwodidnotmeet，butsuchwasZwingli’ssuccessinexposingthefriar’spretensionsthathewasobligedtoleaveforotherquarters。
AtZurich，Zwinglipreachedzealouslyagainstthepardonmongers；andwhenSamsonapproachedtheplace，hewasmetbyamessengerfromthecouncilwithanintimationthathewasexpectedtopasson。Hefinallysecuredanentrancebystratagem，butwassentawaywithoutthesaleofasinglepardon，andhesoonafterleftSwitzerland。
Astrongimpetuswasgiventothereformbytheappearanceoftheplague，orGreatDeath，whichsweptoverSwitzerlandintheyear1519。Asmenwerethusbroughtfacetofacewiththedestroyer，manywereledtofeelhowvainandworthlesswerethepardonswhichtheyhadsolatelypurchased；andtheylongedforasurerfoundationfortheirfaith。ZwingliatZurichwassmittendown；hewasbroughtsolowthatallhopeofhisrecoverywasrelinquished，andthereportwaswidelycirculatedthathewasdead。Inthattryinghourhishopeandcouragewereunshaken。HelookedinfaithtothecrossofCalvary，trustingintheall-sufficientpropitiationforsin。Whenhecamebackfromthegatesofdeath，itwastopreachthegospelwithgreaterfervorthaneverbefore；andhiswordsexertedanunwontedpower。Thepeoplewelcomedwithjoytheirbelovedpastor，returnedtothemfromthebrinkofthegrave。Theythemselveshadcomefromattendinguponthesick180
andthedying，andtheyfelt，asneverbefore，thevalueofthegospel。
Zwinglihadarrivedataclearerunderstandingofitstruths，andhadmorefullyexperiencedinhimselfitsrenewingpower。Thefallofmanandtheplanofredemptionwerethesubjectsuponwhichhedwelt。\"InAdam，\"hesaid，\"wearealldead，sunkincorruptionandcondemnation。\"——Wylie，b。8，ch。9。\"Christ……haspurchasedforusanever-endingredemption……
Hispassionis……aneternalsacrifice，andeverlastinglyeffectualtoheal；itsatisfiesthedivinejusticeforeverinbehalfofallthosewhorelyuponitwithfirmandunshakenfaith。\"Yetheclearlytaughtthatmenarenot，becauseofthegraceofChrist，freetocontinueinsin。\"WhereverthereisfaithinGod，thereGodis；andwhereverGodabideth，thereazealexistsurgingandimpellingmentogoodworks。\"——D’Aubigne，b。8，ch。9。
SuchwastheinterestinZwingli’spreachingthatthecathedralwasfilledtooverflowingwiththecrowdsthatcametolistentohim。Littlebylittle，astheycouldbearit，heopenedthetruthtohishearers。Hewascarefulnottointroduce，atfirst，pointswhichwouldstartlethemandcreateprejudice。HisworkwastowintheirheartstotheteachingsofChrist，tosoftenthembyHislove，andkeepbeforethemHisexample；andastheyshouldreceivetheprinciplesofthegospel，theirsuperstitiousbeliefsandpracticeswouldinevitablybeoverthrown。
StepbysteptheReformationadvancedinZurich。Inalarmitsenemiesarousedtoactiveopposition。Oneyearbefore，themonkofWittenberghadutteredhisNotothepopeandtheemperoratWorms，andnoweverythingseemedtoindicateasimilarwithstandingofthepapalclaimsatZurich。
RepeatedattacksweremadeuponZwingli。Inthepapalcantons，fromtimetotime，disciplesofthegospelwerebroughttothestake，butthiswasnotenough；theteacherofheresymustbesilenced。AccordinglythebishopofConstancedispatchedthreedeputiestotheCouncilofZurich，accusingZwingliofteachingthepeopleto181
transgressthelawsofthechurch，thusendangeringthepeaceandgoodorderofsociety。Iftheauthorityofthechurchweretobesetaside，heurged，universalanarchywouldresult。ZwinglirepliedthathehadbeenforfouryearsteachingthegospelinZurich，\"whichwasmorequietandpeacefulthananyothertownintheconfederacy。\"\"Isnot，then，\"hesaid，\"Christianitythebestsafeguardofthegeneralsecurity？\"——Wylie，b。8，ch。11。
Thedeputieshadadmonishedthecouncilorstocontinueinthechurch，outofwhich，theydeclared，therewasnosalvation。Zwingliresponded:\"Letnotthisaccusationmoveyou。ThefoundationofthechurchisthesameRock，thesameChrist，thatgavePeterhisnamebecauseheconfessedHimfaithfully。
IneverynationwhosoeverbelieveswithallhisheartintheLordJesusisacceptedofGod。Here，truly，isthechurch，outofwhichnoonecanbesaved。\"——D’Aubigne，Londoned。，b。8，ch。11。Asaresultoftheconference，oneofthebishop’sdeputiesacceptedthereformedfaith。
ThecouncildeclinedtotakeactionagainstZwingli，andRomepreparedforafreshattack。TheReformer，whenapprisedoftheplotsofhisenemies，exclaimed:\"Letthemcomeon；Ifearthemasthebeetlingclifffearsthewavesthatthunderatitsfeet。\"——Wylie，b。8，ch。11。Theeffortsoftheecclesiasticsonlyfurtheredthecausewhichtheysoughttooverthrow。Thetruthcontinuedtospread。InGermanyitsadherents，castdownbyLuther’sdisappearance，tookheartagain，astheysawtheprogressofthegospelinSwitzerland。
AstheReformationbecameestablishedinZurich，itsfruitsweremorefullyseeninthesuppressionofviceandthepromotionoforderandharmony。
\"Peacehasherhabitationinourtown，\"wroteZwingli；\"noquarrel，nohypocrisy，noenvy，nostrife。WhencecansuchunioncomebutfromtheLord，andourdoctrine，whichfillsuswiththefruitsofpeaceandpiety？\"——Ibid。，b。8，ch。15。
ThevictoriesgainedbytheReformationstirredtheRomaniststostillmoredeterminedeffortsforitsoverthrow。
182
SeeinghowlittlehadbeenaccomplishedbypersecutioninsuppressingLuther’sworkinGermany，theydecidedtomeetthereformwithitsownweapons。TheywouldholdadisputationwithZwingli，andhavingthearrangementofmatters，theywouldmakesureofvictorybychoosing，themselves，notonlytheplaceofthecombat，butthejudgesthatshoulddecidebetweenthedisputants。AndiftheycouldoncegetZwingliintotheirpower，theywouldtakecarethathedidnotescapethem。Theleadersilenced，themovementcouldspeedilybecrushed。Thispurpose，however，wascarefullyconcealed。
ThedisputationwasappointedtobeheldatBaden；butZwingliwasnotpresent。TheCouncilofZurich，suspectingthedesignsofthepapists，andwarnedbytheburningpileskindledinthepapalcantonsforconfessorsofthegospel，forbadetheirpastortoexposehimselftothisperil。AtZurichhewasreadytomeetallthepartisansthatRomemightsend；buttogotoBaden，wherethebloodofmartyrsforthetruthhadjustbeenshed，wastogotocertaindeath。OecolampadiusandHallerwerechosentorepresenttheReformers，whilethefamousDr。Eck，supportedbyahostoflearneddoctorsandprelates，wasthechampionofRome。
ThoughZwingliwasnotpresentattheconference，hisinfluencewasfelt。
Thesecretarieswereallchosenbythepapists，andotherswereforbiddentotakenotes，onpainofdeath。Notwithstandingthis，ZwinglireceiveddailyafaithfulaccountofwhatwassaidatBaden。Astudentinattendanceatthedisputationmadearecordeacheveningoftheargumentsthatdaypresented。
Thesepaperstwootherstudentsundertooktodeliver，withthedailylettersofOecolampadius，toZwingliatZurich。TheReformeranswered，givingcounselandsuggestions。Hisletterswerewrittenbynight，andthestudentsreturnedwiththemtoBadeninthemorning。Toeludethevigilanceoftheguardstationedatthecitygates，thesemessengersbroughtbasketsofpoultryontheirheads，andtheywerepermittedtopasswithouthindrance。
183
ThusZwinglimaintainedthebattlewithhiswilyantagonists。He\"haslaboredmore，\"saidMyconius，\"byhismeditations，hissleeplessnights，andtheadvicewhichhetransmittedtoBaden，thanhewouldhavedonebydiscussinginpersoninthemidstofhisenemies。\"——D’Aubigne，b。11，ch。
13。
TheRomanists，flushedwithanticipatedtriumph，hadcometoBadenattiredintheirrichestrobesandglitteringwithjewels。Theyfaredluxuriously，theirtablesspreadwiththemostcostlydelicaciesandthechoicestwines。
Theburdenoftheirecclesiasticaldutieswaslightenedbygaietyandreveling。InmarkedcontrastappearedtheReformers，whowerelookeduponbythepeopleaslittlebetterthanacompanyofbeggars，andwhosefrugalfarekeptthembutshorttimeattable。Oecolampadius’slandlord，takingoccasiontowatchhiminhisroom，foundhimalwaysengagedinstudyoratprayer，andgreatlywondering，reportedthatthehereticwasatleast\"verypious。\"
Attheconference，\"Eckhaughtilyascendedapulpitsplendidlydecorated，whilethehumbleOecolampadius，meanlyclothed，wasforcedtotakehisseatinfrontofhisopponentonarudelycarvedstool。\"——Ibid。，b。11，ch。13。
Eck’sstentorianvoiceandunboundedassuranceneverfailedhim。Hiszealwasstimulatedbythehopeofgoldaswellasfame；forthedefenderofthefaithwastoberewardedbyahandsomefee。Whenbetterargumentsfailed，hehadresorttoinsults，andeventooaths。
Oecolampadius，modestandself-distrustful，hadshrunkfromthecombat，andheentereduponitwiththesolemnavowal:\"IacknowledgenootherstandardofjudgmentthanthewordofGod。\"——Ibid。，b。11，ch。13。Thoughgentleandcourteousindemeanor，heprovedhimselfableandunflinching。WhiletheRomanists，accordingtotheirwont，appealedforauthoritytothecustomsofthechurch，theReformeradheredsteadfastlytotheHolyScriptures。
\"Custom，\"hesaid，\"hasnoforceinourSwitzerland，unlessitbeaccordingtotheconstitution；now，inmattersoffaith，theBibleisourconstitution。\"——Ibid。，b。11，ch。13。
184
Thecontrastbetweenthetwodisputantswasnotwithouteffect。Thecalm，clearreasoningoftheReformer，sogentlyandmodestlypresented，appealedtomindsthatturnedindisgustfromEck’sboastfulandboisterousassumptions。
Thediscussioncontinuedeighteendays。Atitsclosethepapistswithgreatconfidenceclaimedthevictory。MostofthedeputiessidedwithRome，andtheDietpronouncedtheReformersvanquishedanddeclaredthatthey，togetherwithZwingli，theirleader，werecutofffromthechurch。Butthefruitsoftheconferencerevealedonwhichsidetheadvantagelay。ThecontestresultedinastrongimpetustotheProtestantcause，anditwasnotlongafterwardthattheimportantcitiesofBernandBaseldeclaredfortheReformation。
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Chapter10
ProgressofReforminGermanyLuther’smysteriousdisappearanceexcitedconsternationthroughoutallGermany。Inquiriesconcerninghimwereheardeverywhere。Thewildestrumorswerecirculated，andmanybelievedthathehadbeenmurdered。Therewasgreatlamentation，notonlybyhisavowedfriends，butbythousandswhohadnotopenlytakentheirstandwiththeReformation。Manyboundthemselvesbyasolemnoathtoavengehisdeath。
TheRomishleaderssawwithterrortowhatapitchhadrisenthefeelingagainstthem。ThoughatfirstexultantatthesupposeddeathofLuther，theysoondesiredtohidefromthewrathofthepeople。Hisenemieshadnotbeensotroubledbyhismostdaringactswhileamongthemastheywereathisremoval。ThosewhointheirragehadsoughttodestroytheboldReformerwerefilledwithfearnowthathehadbecomeahelplesscaptive。\"Theonlyremainingwayofsavingourselves，\"saidone，\"istolighttorches，andhuntforLutherthroughthewholeworld，torestorehimtothenationthatiscallingforhim。\"——D’Aubigne，b。9，ch。1。Theedictoftheemperorseemedtofallpowerless。ThepapallegateswerefilledwithindignationastheysawthatitcommandedfarlessattentionthandidthefateofLuther。
Thetidingsthathewassafe，thoughaprisoner，calmedthefearsofthepeople，whileitstillfurtherarousedtheirenthusiasminhisfavor。Hiswritingswerereadwithgreater186
eagernessthaneverbefore。Increasingnumbersjoinedthecauseoftheheroicmanwhohad，atsuchfearfulodds，defendedthewordofGod。TheReformationwasconstantlygaininginstrength。TheseedwhichLutherhadsownsprangupeverywhere。Hisabsenceaccomplishedaworkwhichhispresencewouldhavefailedtodo。Otherlaborersfeltanewresponsibility，nowthattheirgreatleaderwasremoved。Withnewfaithandearnestnesstheypressedforwardtodoallintheirpower，thattheworksonoblybegunmightnotbehindered。
ButSatanwasnotidle。Henowattemptedwhathehasattemptedineveryotherreformatorymovement——todeceiveanddestroythepeoplebypalmingoffuponthemacounterfeitinplaceofthetruework。AstherewerefalsechristsinthefirstcenturyoftheChristianchurch，sotherearosefalseprophetsinthesixteenthcentury。
Afewmen，deeplyaffectedbytheexcitementinthereligiousworld，imaginedthemselvestohavereceivedspecialrevelationsfromHeaven，andclaimedtohavebeendivinelycommissionedtocarryforwardtoitscompletiontheReformationwhich，theydeclared，hadbeenbutfeeblybegunbyLuther。Intruth，theywereundoingtheveryworkwhichhehadaccomplished。TheyrejectedthegreatprinciplewhichwastheveryfoundationoftheReformation——thatthewordofGodistheall-sufficientruleoffaithandpractice；andforthatunerringguidetheysubstitutedthechangeable，uncertainstandardoftheirownfeelingsandimpressions。BythisactofsettingasidethegreatdetectoroferrorandfalsehoodthewaywasopenedforSatantocontrolmindsasbestpleasedhimself。
OneoftheseprophetsclaimedtohavebeeninstructedbytheangelGabriel。
Astudentwhounitedwithhimforsookhisstudies，declaringthathehadbeenendowedbyGodHimselfwithwisdomtoexpoundHisword。Otherswhowerenaturallyinclinedtofanaticismunitedwiththem。Theproceedingsoftheseenthusiastscreatednolittleexcitement。
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ThepreachingofLutherhadarousedthepeopleeverywheretofeelthenecessityofreform，andnowsomereallyhonestpersonsweremisledbythepretensionsofthenewprophets。
TheleadersofthemovementproceededtoWittenbergandurgedtheirclaimsuponMelanchthonandhiscolaborers。Saidthey:\"WearesentbyGodtoinstructthepeople。WehaveheldfamiliarconversationswiththeLord；weknowwhatwillhappen；inaword，weareapostlesandprophets，andappealtoDr。Luther。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。7。
TheReformerswereastonishedandperplexed。Thiswassuchanelementastheyhadneverbeforeencountered，andtheyknewnotwhatcoursetopursue。
SaidMelanchthon:\"Thereareindeedextraordinaryspiritsinthesemen；butwhatspirits？……Ontheonehand，letusbewareofquenchingtheSpiritofGod，andontheother，ofbeingledastraybythespiritofSatan。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。7。
Thefruitofthenewteachingsoonbecameapparent。ThepeoplewereledtoneglecttheBibleortocastitwhollyaside。Theschoolswerethrownintoconfusion。Students，spurningallrestraint，abandonedtheirstudiesandwithdrewfromtheuniversity。ThemenwhothoughtthemselvescompetenttoreviveandcontroltheworkoftheReformationsucceededonlyinbringingittothevergeofruin。TheRomanistsnowregainedtheirconfidenceandexclaimedexultingly:\"Onelaststruggle，andallwillbeours。\"——Ibid。，b。
9，ch。7。
LutherattheWartburg，hearingofwhathadoccurred，saidwithdeepconcern:\"IalwaysexpectedthatSatanwouldsendusthisplague。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。7。Heperceivedthetruecharacterofthosepretendedprophetsandsawthedangerthatthreatenedthecauseoftruth。Theoppositionofthepopeandtheemperorhadnotcausedhimsogreatperplexityanddistressashenowexperienced。FromtheprofessedfriendsoftheReformationhadrisenitsworstenemies。Theverytruthswhichhadbroughthimsogreatjoyand188
consolationwerebeingemployedtostirupstrifeandcreateconfusioninthechurch。
Intheworkofreform，LutherhadbeenurgedforwardbytheSpiritofGod，andhadbeencarriedbeyondhimself。Hehadnotpurposedtotakesuchpositionsashedid，ortomakesoradicalchanges。HehadbeenbuttheinstrumentinthehandofInfinitePower。Yetheoftentrembledfortheresultofhiswork。Hehadoncesaid:\"IfIknewthatmydoctrineinjuredoneman，onesingleman，howeverlowlyandobscure，——whichitcannot，foritisthegospelitself，——Iwouldratherdietentimesthannotretractit。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。7。
AndnowWittenbergitself，theverycenteroftheReformation，wasfastfallingunderthepoweroffanaticismandlawlessness。ThisterribleconditionhadnotresultedfromtheteachingsofLuther；butthroughoutGermanyhisenemieswerechargingituponhim。Inbitternessofsoulhesometimesasked:\"Cansuch，then，betheendofthisgreatworkoftheReformation？\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。7。Again，ashewrestledwithGodinprayer，peaceflowedintohisheart。\"Theworkisnotmine，butThineown，\"hesaid；
\"Thouwiltnotsufferittobecorruptedbysuperstitionorfanaticism。\"Butthethoughtofremaininglongerfromtheconflictinsuchacrisis，becameinsupportable。HedeterminedtoreturntoWittenberg。
Withoutdelayhesetoutonhisperilousjourney。Hewasunderthebanoftheempire。Enemieswereatlibertytotakehislife；friendswereforbiddentoaidorshelterhim。Theimperialgovernmentwasadoptingthemoststringentmeasuresagainsthisadherents。Buthesawthattheworkofthegospelwasimperiled，andinthenameoftheLordhewentoutfearlesslytobattleforthetruth。
Inalettertotheelector，afterstatinghispurposetoleavetheWartburg，Luthersaid:\"BeitknowntoyourhighnessthatIamgoingtoWittenbergunderaprotectionfarhigherthanthatofprincesandelectors。Ithinknotofsolicitingyourhighness’ssupport，andfarfromdesiringyourprotection，189
Iwouldratherprotectyoumyself。IfIknewthatyourhighnesscouldorwouldprotectme，IwouldnotgotoWittenbergatall。Thereisnoswordthatcanfurtherthiscause。Godalonemustdoeverything，withoutthehelporconcurrenceofman。Hewhohasthegreatestfaithishewhoismostabletoprotect。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。8。
Inasecondletter，writtenonthewaytoWittenberg，Lutheradded:\"Iamreadytoincurthedispleasureofyourhighnessandtheangerofthewholeworld。ArenottheWittenbergersmysheep？HasnotGodentrustedthemtome？
AndoughtInot，ifnecessary，toexposemyselftodeathfortheirsakes？
Besides，IfeartoseeaterribleoutbreakinGermany，bywhichGodwillpunishournation。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。7。
Withgreatcautionandhumility，yetwithdecisionandfirmness，heentereduponhiswork。\"Bytheword，\"saidhe，\"mustweoverthrowanddestroywhathasbeensetupbyviolence。Iwillnotmakeuseofforceagainstthesuperstitiousandunbelieving……Noonemustbeconstrained。Libertyistheveryessenceoffaith。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。8。
ItwassoonnoisedthroughWittenbergthatLutherhadreturnedandthathewastopreach。Thepeopleflockedfromalldirections，andthechurchwasfilledtooverflowing。Ascendingthepulpit，hewithgreatwisdomandgentlenessinstructed，exhorted，andreproved。Touchingthecourseofsomewhohadresortedtoviolentmeasuresinabolishingthemass，hesaid:
\"Themassisabadthing；Godisopposedtoit；itoughttobeabolished；
andIwouldthatthroughoutthewholeworlditwerereplacedbythesupperofthegospel。Butletnoonebetornfromitbyforce。WemustleavethematterinGod’shands。Hiswordmustact，andnotwe。Andwhyso？youwillask。BecauseIdonotholdmen’sheartsinmyhand，asthepotterholdstheclay。Wehavearighttospeak:wehavenottherighttoact。Letuspreach；
therestbelongsuntoGod。WereItoemployforce，whatshouldIgain？
Grimace，formality，apings，humanordinances，andhypocrisy……Buttherewouldbenosincerity190
ofheart，norfaith，norcharity。Wherethesethreearewanting，alliswanting，andIwouldnotgiveapearstalkforsucharesult……GoddoesmorebyHiswordalonethanyouandIandalltheworldbyourunitedstrength。Godlaysholdupontheheart；andwhentheheartistaken，alliswon……
\"Iwillpreach，discuss，andwrite；butIwillconstrainnone，forfaithisavoluntaryact。SeewhatIhavedone。Istoodupagainstthepope，indulgences，andpapists，butwithoutviolenceortumult。IputforwardGod’sword；Ipreachedandwrote——thiswasallIdid。AndyetwhileIwasasleep，……thewordthatIhadpreachedoverthrewpopery，sothatneitherprincenoremperorhasdoneitsomuchharm。AndyetIdidnothing；thewordalonedidall。IfIhadwishedtoappealtoforce，thewholeofGermanywouldperhapshavebeendelugedwithblood。Butwhatwouldhavebeentheresult？Ruinanddesolationbothtobodyandsoul。Ithereforekeptquiet，andleftthewordtorunthroughtheworldalone。\"——Ibid。，b。9，ch。8。
Dayafterday，forawholeweek，Luthercontinuedtopreachtoeagercrowds。
ThewordofGodbrokethespelloffanaticalexcitement。Thepowerofthegospelbroughtbackthemisguidedpeopleintothewayoftruth。
Lutherhadnodesiretoencounterthefanaticswhosecoursehadbeenproductiveofsogreatevil。Heknewthemtobemenofunsoundjudgmentandundisciplinedpassions，who，whileclaimingtobespeciallyilluminatedfromheaven，wouldnotenduretheslightestcontradictionoreventhekindestreprooforcounsel。Arrogatingtothemselvessupremeauthority，theyrequiredeveryone，withoutaquestion，toacknowledgetheirclaims。But，astheydemandedaninterviewwithhim，heconsentedtomeetthem；andsosuccessfullydidheexposetheirpretensionsthattheimpostorsatoncedepartedfromWittenberg。
Thefanaticismwascheckedforatime；butseveralyearslateritbrokeoutwithgreaterviolenceandmoreterribleresults。SaidLuther，concerningtheleadersinthismovement:
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\"TothemtheHolyScriptureswerebutadeadletter，andtheyallbegantocry，’TheSpirit！theSpirit！’ButmostassuredlyIwillnotfollowwheretheirspiritleadsthem。MayGodofHismercypreservemefromachurchinwhichtherearenonebutsaints。Idesiretodwellwiththehumble，thefeeble，thesick，whoknowandfeeltheirsins，andwhogroanandcrycontinuallytoGodfromthebottomoftheirheartstoobtainHisconsolationandsupport。\"——Ibid。，b。10，ch。10。
ThomasMunzer，themostactiveofthefanatics，wasamanofconsiderableability，which，rightlydirected，wouldhaveenabledhimtodogood；buthehadnotlearnedthefirstprinciplesoftruereligion。\"Hewaspossessedwithadesireofreformingtheworld，andforgot，asallenthusiastsdo，thatthereformationshouldbeginwithhimself。\"——Ibid。，b。
9，ch。8。Hewasambitioustoobtainpositionandinfluence，andwasunwillingtobesecond，eventoLuther。HedeclaredthattheReformers，insubstitutingtheauthorityofScriptureforthatofthepope，wereonlyestablishingadifferentformofpopery。Hehimself，heclaimed，hadbeendivinelycommissionedtointroducethetruereform。\"Hewhopossessesthisspirit，\"saidMunzer，\"possessesthetruefaith，althoughheshouldneverseetheScripturesinhislife。\"——Ibid。，b。10，ch。10。
Thefanaticalteachersgavethemselvesuptobegovernedbyimpressions，regardingeverythoughtandimpulseasthevoiceofGod；consequentlytheywenttogreatextremes。SomeevenburnedtheirBibles，exclaiming:\"Theletterkilleth，buttheSpiritgivethlife。\"Munzer’steachingappealedtomen’sdesireforthemarvelous，whileitgratifiedtheirpridebyvirtuallyplacinghumanideasandopinionsabovethewordofGod。Hisdoctrineswerereceivedbythousands。Hesoondenouncedallorderinpublicworship，anddeclaredthattoobeyprinceswastoattempttoservebothGodandBelial。
