第12章

类别:其他 作者:Burke, Edmund字数:13998更新时间:18/12/20 11:23:24
THEBEAUTIFULINFEELING。 Theforegoingdescriptionofbeauty,sofarasitistakeninbytheeye,maybegreatlyillustratedbydescribingthenatureofobjectswhichproduceasimilareffectthroughthetouch。ThisIcallthebeautifulinFEELING。Itcorrespondswonderfullywithwhatcausesthesamespeciesofpleasuretothesight。Thereisachaininalloursensations;theyareallbutdifferentsortsoffeelingscalculatedtobeaffectedbyvarioussortsofobjects,butalltobeaffectedafterthesamemanner。Allbodiesthatarepleasanttothetouch,aresobytheslightnessoftheresistancetheymake。Resistanceiseithertomotionalongthesurface,ortothepressureofthepartsononeanother:iftheformerbeslight,wecallthebodysmooth;ifthelatter,soft。Thechiefpleasurewereceivebyfeeling,isintheoneortheotherofthesequalities;andiftherebeacombinationofboth,ourpleasureisgreatlyincreased。Thisissoplain,thatitisrathermorefittoillustrateotherthings,thantobeillustrateditselfbyanexample。Thenextsourceofpleasureinthissense,asineveryother,isthecontinuallypresentingsomewhatnew;andwefindthatbodieswhichcontinuallyvarytheirsurface,aremuchthemostpleasantorbeautifultothefeeling,asanyonethatpleasesmayexperience。Thethirdpropertyinsuchobjectsis,thatthoughthesurfacecontinuallyvariesitsdirection,itnevervariesitsuddenly。Theapplicationofanythingsudden,eventhoughtheimpressionitselfhavelittleornothingofviolence,isdisagreeable。Thequickapplicationofafingeralittlewarmerorcolderthanusual,withoutnotice,makesusstart;aslighttapontheshoulder,notexpected,hasthesameeffect。Henceitisthatangularbodies,bodiesthatsuddenlyvarythedirectionoftheoutline,affordsolittlepleasuretothefeeling。Everysuchchangeisasortofclimbingorfallinginminiature;sothatsquares,triangles,andotherangularfigures,areneitherbeautifultothesightnorfeeling。Whoevercompareshisstateofmind,onfeelingsoft,smooth,variated,unangularbodies,withthatinwhichhefindshimselfontheviewofabeautifulobject,willperceiveaverystrikinganalogyintheeffectsofboth;andwhichmaygoagoodwaytowardsdiscoveringtheircommoncause。Feelingandsight,inthisrespect,differinbutafewpoints。Thetouchtakesinthepleasureofsoftness,whichisnotprimarilyanobjectofsight;thesight,ontheotherhand,comprehendscolour,whichcanhardlybemadeperceptibletothetouch:thetouchagainhastheadvantageinanewideaofpleasureresultingfromamoderatedegreeofwarmth;buttheeyetriumphsintheinfiniteextentandmultiplicityofitsobjects。Butthereissuchasimilitudeinthepleasuresofthesesenses,thatIamapttofancy,ifitwerepossiblethatonemightdiscerncolourbyfeeling(asitissaidsomeblindmenhavedone),thatthesamecolours,andthesamedispositionofcolouring,whicharefoundbeautifultothesight,wouldbefoundlikewisemostgratefultothetouch。But,settingasideconjectures,letuspasstotheothersense:ofHearing。 THEBEAUTIFULINSOUNDS。 Inthissensewefindanequalaptitudetobeaffectedinasoftanddelicatemanner;andhowfarsweetorbeautifulsoundsagreewithourdescriptionsofbeautyinothersenses,theexperienceofeveryonemustdecide。Miltonhasdescribedthisspeciesofmusicinoneofhisjuvenilepoems。(L’Allegro。)IneednotsaythatMiltonwasperfectlywellversedinthatart;andthatnomanhadafinerear,withahappiermannerofexpressingtheaffectionsofonesensebymetaphorstakenfromanother。Thedescriptionisasfollows:—— “Andeveragainsteatingcares,LapmeinSOFTLydianairs: InnoteswithmanyaWINDINGboutOfLINKEDSWEETNESSLONGDRAWNout; Withwantonheed,andgiddycunning,TheMELTINGvoicethroughMAZESrunning; UNTWISTINGallthechainsthattieThehiddensoulofharmony。” Letusparallelthiswiththesoftness,thewindingsurface,theunbrokencontinuance,theeasygradationofthebeautifulinotherthings;andallthediversitiesoftheseveralsenses,withalltheirseveralaffections;willratherhelptothrowlightsfromoneanothertofinishoneclear,consistentideaofthewhole,thantoobscureitbytheirintricacyandvariety。 Totheabove-mentioneddescriptionIshalladdoneortworemarks。Thefirstis;thatthebeautifulinmusicwillnotbearthatloudnessandstrengthofsounds,whichmaybeusedtoraiseotherpassions;nornoteswhichareshrillorharsh,ordeep;itagreesbestwithsuchasareclear,even,smooth,andweak。Thesecondis:thatgreatvariety,andquicktransitionsfromonemeasureortonetoanother,arecontrarytothegeniusofthebeautifulinmusic。Suchtransitionsoftenexcitemirth,orothersuddenortumultuouspassions;butnotthatsinking,thatmelting,thatlanguor,whichisthecharacteristicaleffectofthebeautifulasitregardseverysense。(Ine’erammerrywhenIhearsweetmusic——Shakspeare。)Thepassionexcitedbybeautyisinfactnearertoaspeciesofmelancholy,thantojollityandmirth。Idonotheremeantoconfinemusictoanyonespeciesofnotes,ortones,neitherisitanartinwhichIcansayIhaveanygreatskill。Mysoledesigninthisremarkis,tosettleaconsistentideaofbeauty。Theinfinitevarietyoftheaffectionsofthesoulwillsuggesttoagoodhead,andskilfulear,avarietyofsuchsoundsasarefittedtoraisethem。Itcanbenoprejudicetothis,toclearanddistinguishsomefewparticulars,thatbelongtothesameclass,andareconsistentwitheachother,fromtheimmensecrowdofdifferent,andsometimescontradictory,ideas,thatrankvulgarlyunderthestandardofbeauty。Andoftheseitismyintentiontomarksuchonlyoftheleadingpointsasshowtheconformityofthesenseofhearingwiththeothersenses,inthearticleoftheirpleasures。 BRITISHCHURCH。 Itissomethingextraordinary,thattheonlysymptomofalarmintheChurchofEnglandshouldappearinthepetitionofsomedissenters;withwhom,Ibelieve,veryfewinthishouseareyetacquainted;andofwhomyouknownomorethanthatyouareassuredbythehonourablegentleman,thattheyarenotMahometans。OftheChurchweknowtheyarenot,bythenamethattheyassume。Theyarethendissenters。ThefirstsymptomofanalarmcomesfromsomedissentersassembledroundthelinesofChatham; theselinesbecomethesecurityoftheChurchofEngland!Thehonourablegentleman,inspeakingofthelinesofChatham,tellsusthattheyservenotonlyforthesecurityofthewoodenwallsofEngland,butforthedefenceoftheChurchofEngland。IsuspectthewoodenwallsofEnglandsecurethelinesofChatham,ratherthanthelinesofChathamsecurethewoodenwallsofEngland。 Sir,theChurchofEngland,ifonlydefendedbythismiserablepetitionuponyourtable,must,Iamafraid,upontheprinciplesoftruefortification,besoondestroyed。Butfortunatelyherwalls,bulwarks,andbastions,areconstructedofothermaterialsthanofstubbleandstraw;arebuiltupwiththestrongandstablematterofthegospelofliberty,andfoundedonatrue,constitutional,legalestablishment。 But,Sir,shehasothersecurities;shehasthesecurityofherowndoctrines;shehasthesecurityofthepiety,thesanctityofherownprofessors;theirlearningisabulwarktodefendher;shehasthesecurityofthetwouniversities,notshookinanysinglebattlement,inanysinglepinnacle…… Butif,afterall,thisdangeristobeapprehended,ifyouarereallyfearfulthatChristianitywillindirectlysufferbythisliberty,youhavemyfreeconsent;godirectly,andbythestraightway,andnotbyacircuit,inwhichinyourroadyoumaydestroyyourfriends,pointyourarmsagainstthesemenwhodothemischiefyoufearpromoting;pointyourarmsagainstmen,who,notcontentedwithendeavouringtoturnyoureyesfromtheblazeandeffulgenceoflight,bywhichlifeandimmortalityissogloriouslydemonstratedbytheGospel,wouldevenextinguishthatfaintglimmeringofnature,thatonlycomfortsuppliedtoignorantmanbeforethisgreatillumination——themwho,byattackingeventhepossibilityofallrevelation,arraignallthedispensationsofProvidencetoman。Thesearethewickeddissentersyououghttofear; thesearethepeopleagainstwhomyououghttoaimtheshaftsoflaw; thesearethementowhom,arrayedinalltheterrorsofgovernment,I wouldsay,Youshallnotdegradeusintobrutes;thesemen,thesefactiousmen,asthehonourablegentlemanproperlycalledthem,arethejustobjectsofvengeance,nottheconscientiousdissenter;thesemen,whowouldtakeawaywhateverennoblestherankorconsolesthemisfortunesofhumannature,bybreakingoffthatconnectionofobservations,ofaffections,ofhopesandfears,whichbindustotheDivinity,andconstitutethegloriousanddistinguishingprerogativeofhumanity,thatofbeingareligiouscreature;againsttheseIwouldhavethelawsriseinalltheirmajestyofterrors,tofulminatesuchvainandimpiouswretches,andtoawethemintoimpotencebytheonlydreadtheycanfearorbelieve,tolearnthateternallesson——Discitejustitiammoniti,etnontemnereDivos。 AtthesametimethatIwouldcutuptheveryrootofatheism,Iwouldrespectallconscience;allconscience,thatisreallysuch,andwhichperhapsitsverytendernessprovestobesincere。IwishtoseetheestablishedChurchofEnglandgreatandpowerful;Iwishtoseeherfoundationslaidlowanddeep,thatshemaycrushthegiantpowersofrebelliousdarkness;Iwouldhaveherheadraiseduptothatheaventowhichsheconductsus。Iwouldhaveheropenwideherhospitablegatesbyanobleandliberalcomprehension;butIwouldhavenobreachesinherwall;Iwouldhavehercherishallthosewhoarewithin,andpityallthosewhoarewithout;Iwouldhaveheracommonblessingtotheworld,anexample,ifnotaninstructor,tothosewhohavenotthehappinesstobelongtoher;Iwouldhavehergivealessonofpeacetomankind,thatavexedandwanderinggenerationmightbetaughttoseekforreposeandtolerationinthematernalbosomofChristiancharity,andnotintheharlotlapofinfidelityandindifference。 INDEX。 Abstractviews,onthedangerof。 Abstractwords,effectsof。 Accumulationastateprinciple。 Administrationandlegislation,ontheduebalanceof。 Age,ourown,ontheinjusticepaidto。 AlfredtheGreat,politicalgeniusof—— thepromoteroflearning—— hisreligiouscharacter。 Ambassadorsofinfamy,theirtyranny。 Ambition,incentivesof—— disappointed,pictureof。 America,greatnationalprogressof—— onherresistancetotaxation—— onherearlycolonization,andthegreatnessofherfuture—— ontheProtestantismof—— ontheembassyofEnglandto。 Analogy,onthepleasuresof。 Anarchycontrastedandcomparedwithreformation。 Architecture,influenceof。 Armeddiscipline,necessityof。 Art,oncorrectjudgmentin。 “Articles“oftheChurch,necessityofthe。 Atheism,atrociousprinciplesof—— incapableofrepentance。 Atheists,literary,theirproselytismandbigotry。 Attraction,Newton’sdiscoveryofthepropertyof。 Authority,abusesof,dangerous。 Axioms,political。 Barons,English,ontherestraintsimposeduponthe。 Bathurst,Lord,onhisrecollectionsofAmericancolonization。 Beautiful,whatconstitutesthe—— infeeling,Burke’sideasof—— insounds,onourgeneralideasof。 Beauty,delicacyessentialto—— female,ontheinfluenceof。 Bedford,dukeof,ontheroyalgrantsto—— onhisattacksonMr。Burke—— replyto“hisGrace。” Bribery,objectsandevilsof。 Britain,herwarwithFrancevindicated—— stateof,atthetimeoftheSaxonconquest—— theancientinhabitantsof。 BritishdominionintheEastIndies,ontheextentof。 Britishstability,ontheprinciplesanddurationof。 Building,onmagnitudein,necessarytosublimity。 Burke,Edmund,hisdefenceofhispoliticalprinciples—— thedesignof,inhisgreatestwork。 Cabal,onthetacticsof。 Candidpolicy,ontheadvantagesof,toagovernment。 Carnatic,dreadfulscenesinthe—— waranddesolationofthe。 Carnot,thesanguinarytyrannyof。 Character,private,abasisforpublicconfidence。 Charlemagne,ontheconquestsof。 Chatham,Lord,hisgreatqualities—— hispoliticalerrors。 Chivalry,onthemoralizingcharmof。 Christianreligion,theideaofdivinityhumanizedbythe—— stateof,atthetimeoftheSaxonconquest。 Christianity,ontheprofessionof—— meansadoptedforitsearlyestablishment。 ChurchofEngland,itsoutwarddignitydefended—— thestateconsecratedbythe—— onthe“Articles“ofthe—— eulogyonthe。 ChurchandState,ontheunitybetween—— oneandthesameinaChristiancommonwealth。 “Churchplunder,omnipotenceof!” Churchproperty,ontheexistenceandpreservationof。 Circumstances,onthenatureof。 Civilfreedomablessing,andnotanabstractspeculation。 Civillist,advantagesofreforminthe。 Civilrights,onthenatureof。 Civilsociety,onthetruebasisof。 Claims,personalandancestral。 Coalitions,false,instabilityof。 Colonies,ontheartofcementingthetiesof—— ontheirrighttotheadvantagesoftheBritishconstitution—— ontheirprogress。 Combination,distinctfromfaction。 Commerce,oneofthegreatsourcesofourpower—— onthephilosophyof。 Commonlaw,onitsancientconstitution。 CommonPleas,ontheearlyestablishmentof。 Commons。See“Houseof。” Commonwealth,onthescienceofconstructinga。 Comparison,utilityandadvantagesof。 Concession,onthewisdomof,onthepartofagovernment。 Confidenceofthepeople,necessityofthe—— political,dangersof—— public,privatecharacterabasisfor—— reciprocal,onthenecessityof。 Confiscation,arisingfromthepapercurrency。 Conservation,progressandprinciplesof。 Constituents,onthepowerandcontrolof。 ConstitutionofEngland,libertyitsdistinguishingfeature—— ontherightofthecoloniestoitsadvantages—— notfabricatedbutinherited—— majestyofthe—— nottheslaveofthepeople。 Consumptionandproduce,thebalancebetweensettlesthepriceof。 Contact,ontheassimilatingpowerof。 Contractedviews,onthepettinessof。 Conway,General,eulogyon。 Corporatereform,onthedifficultyandwisdomof。 Correction,ontheprincipleof,inconnectionwithconservation。 Corruption,public,evilconsequencesof—— cannotbeself-reformed。 Cowardice,political,contemptibilityof。 Credit,national,ontheadvantagesof。 Cromwell,thegovernmentof,contrastedwiththatoftheFrenchrevolution。 Crown,itsinfluence—— onpensionsfromthe—— itsprerogative—— onthehereditarysuccessionofthe。 Cruelty,political,recklessoppressionof。 Curiosity,themostsuperficialofalltheaffections。 Danes,theirearlydominion。 “Declarationof1793,“againstFrance。 Deity,contemplationofhisattributes。 Delicacyessentialtobeauty。 Democracy,aperfectonethemostshamelessthingintheworld—— itsresemblancetotyranny。 Democrats,inconsistencyof。 Despotismcourtsobscurity,andshunsthelight—— onthedefectivepolicyof—— oftheageofLouisXIV。ameregildedtyranny—— monarchical,preferabletorepublican。 D’Espremenil,sacrificeof。 Difficulty,oncontentionswith。 DirectoryofFrance,itsinsolentassumption。 Dissent,onDr。Price’spreachingthedemocracyof。 Dissenters,animadversionsonthe。 Distraction,ontheevilsof。 Divinepower,itsinfluencesonthehumanidea。 Divinity,ourideaofthe,humanizedbytheChristianreligion。 Druids,theirknowledgeandinfluence。 Duty,notbasedonwill。 East-IndiaCompany,onthebillforcontrollingthepoliticalpowerof—— See“India。” Ecclesiasticalconfiscation,ontheinjusticeof。 Economy,onthestateprinciplesof—— doesnotconsistofparsimony—— andpublicspirit,advantageof。 Election,onWilkes’srightof。 Elections,frequent,ontheeviltendencyof—— expensesof。 Electors,ontheconductanddutiesof。 Elegance,Burke’sideasof。 Elizabeth,Princess,ofFrance,sanguinarytreatmentof。 England,onthemagnanimityofherpeople。 Englishcharacter,onFrenchignoranceof。 Establishments,ancient,ontheadvantagesof。 Eternitylittleunderstood。 Etiquette,onitsancientandmodernapplication。 Europe,onthestateof,in1789—— atthetimeoftheNormaninvasion。 Europeancommunity,ontheprinciplesof。 Exaggeration,evilsof。 Extremes,onthefallacyof。 Eye,the,itscharacteristicsofbeauty。 Faction,combinationdistinctfrom—— whatitoughttoteach。 FalklandIsland,fisheriesextendedto。 Falseregret,tobelamented。 Favouritismofgovernmentthecauseofpopularferment。 Femalebeauty,ontheinfluenceof。 Feudalbaronage,therootofourprimitiveconstitution—— principles,theirhistoryandapplicationtomoderntimes—— changeseffectedin—— law,principlesofthe。 FisheriesofNewEngland;onthehardyspiritwithwhichtheyareconducted。 Flattery,thereverseofinstruction。 Fox,RightHon。Charles,eulogyon—— Burke’sconfidencein。 France,onthedangersarisingfrom—— herrevolutionof1789—— frightfulscenesofthe—— foundedonregicide,Jacobinism,andatheism—— warwith,vindicated—— reflectionsonherrevolution—— theexistingstateofthingsin,productiveoftheworstevils—— onthepoliticalandintellectualgreatnessof—— thegreatpoliticalchangesof—— revolutionof,acompleteone—— earlyconquestsanddominionof—— declarationofEnglandagainst,in1793—— falsepolicyinourwarwith—— historicalstrictureson—— atrocitiesperpetratedin。 Freedom,ablessingandnotanabstractspeculation—— characterofjustfreedom—— ontheconservativeprogressof。 French,naturalself-destructionofthe。 Gaul,theancientinhabitantsof。 Gentleman,ourcivilizationdependentonthespiritofa。 Glory,difficultythepathto。 God,contemplationsofHisattributes;—— ontheadorablewisdomof。 Government,ontheevilsofweaknessin—— ontheinfluenceofplacein—— ontheadvantagesofcandidpolicyin—— virtueandwisdomqualifyfor—— notmadeinvirtueofnaturalrights—— nottoberashlycensured—— onthedutiesof—— principlesof,notabsolutebutrelative—— generalviewsofthefoundationsof—— andlegislation,mattersofreasonandjudgment—— favouritism,thecauseofpopularferment。 Gracefulness,onourideasof。 Grant,onBurke’sacceptanceofa。 Greatmen,theguide-postsandlandmarksoftheState。 GreenCloth,originoftheancientCourtof。 Grenville,RightHon。Mr。hisgreatpoliticalqualitiesandcharacter。 Grievanceandopinion,onthedifferentqualitiesof。 Grievancesbylaw,onthedifferentviewsof。 HenryIV。ofFrance,sovereignqualitiesof。 Heroism,moral,onthevirtuesof。 “HisGrace,“Burke’sreplyto。 History,onthemoralof—— ontheuseofdefectsin—— ontheperversionof—— speculationson—— strictureson,asconnectedwithFrance。 HouseofCommons,itsnatureandfunctions—— onthecontroloftheconstituencyover—— Mr。Burke’spreparationforthe—— itsconstitution—— privilegeofthe—— contrastedwiththeNationalAssemblyofFrance。 Howard,thephilanthropist,hisgeniusandhumanity。 Humanideas,ontheinfluenceofdivinepoweron。 Humannature,onthelibellersof。 Humiliation,onthediplomacyof。 HyderAli,onhisformidablemilitaryoperationsintheCarnatic。 Ideal,definitionofthe。 Imagination,unityof。 Imitationaninstructivelaw。 Impartiality,appealto。 Imperialpower,itsestablishmentinWesternEurope。 Impracticable,the,nottobedesired。 India,East,ontheterritorialextentofBritishdominionin—— onitsopulenceandimportance—— necessityofreformingthegovernmentof—— HyderAli’sformidablemilitaryresistance—— ontheBritishgovernmentin。 Individualgoodandpublicbenefit,acomparisonof。 Induction,ontheprocessof。 Infidels,onthepolicyof。 Infinity,littleunderstood。 Injustice,economyof。 Innovation,onthemadnessof。 Investigation,thebestmethodofteaching。 Ireland,onthelegislationof。 IrelandandMagnaCharta,historicalnoticesof。 Jacobinpeace,ontheperilsof。 Jacobinwar,onthetruenatureofa。 Jacobinism,atrociousprinciplesof—— ferocityof。 Jealousy,political,differentunderdifferentcircumstances。 John,King,onhisdifficultieswiththepope。 Jurisprudence,onthescienceof。 Justice,earlyreformintheadministrationof。 Keppel,Lord,oneofthegreatestandbestmenofhisage—— hisexaltedvirtues。 Kings,thepowerof,notbasedonpopularchoice。 Labour,onthenecessityof—— ontheimportanceof—— risesorfallsaccordingtothedemand。 Labouringclassespoor,becausetheyarenumerous—— onthemoralhappinessofthe。 “Labouringpoor,“onthepulingjargonrespectingthe—— onthecantingphraseologyof—— onthemeliorationoftheircondition。 Language,onthemoraleffectsof。 Laws,whenbad,areproductiveofbasesubserviency。 Legislation,ontheduebalanceof,withtheadministration—— ontheproblemof。 Legislationandgovernment,mattersofreasonandjudgment。 Legislativecapacity,onthelimitsof。 Legislatorsoftheancientrepublics。 LegislatureofFrance,regicidalcharacterofthe。 Levellers,moral,therepresentativesofaservileprinciple。 Libellersofhumannature,falsityoftheterm。 Liberty,itspreservationthedutyofamemberoftheHouseofCommons—— inwhatitconsists;—— characterofjustliberty—— ontheabstracttheoryof—— onfictitiousliberty。 “Lights,“modern,onthepetulanceandignoranceof。 Loans,public,onthepolicyof。 LouisXVI。onhiscrueltreatment—— historicalestimateof—— hismistakenviewsofsociety—— onthefateof。 Love,amixedpassion。 Loveanddread,theirunioninreligion。 Lowaimsandlowinstruments,thebasenessof。 Magistracy,religiousdutiesofthe。 MagnaCharta,Irelandapartakerof—— theoldestreformationofEngland—— ontheearlyconstitutionsof。 Magnanimity,onitssuperiority。 Malesherbes,atrocioustreatmentof。 Man,Natureanticipatesthedesiresof。 Mankind,ancientstateof。 Mannersandmorals,correspondentsystemsof—— moreimportantthanlaws。 MariaAntoinette,herbeautyandmisfortunes—— sanguinarytreatmentof。 MariaTheresa,herhigh-mindedprinciples。 Marriage,feudalrestraintson。 Maxims,false,evilsof,whenassumedasfirstprinciples。 Measuresofgovernment,onjudgingofthe。 MemberofParliament,difficultiesofbecomingagoodone。 Metaphysicaldepravity,onthedangersof。 Migrationsofancienthistory。 Ministerofstate,whatheoughttoattempt。 Ministers,ontheresponsibilityof。 Missionaries,theirearlyzealinpropagatingChristianity。 MonarchofEngland,onthesovereignpowerofthe。 Monasticinstitutions,ontheresultsof。 Moneyandscience。 Monks,theirearlyzealinthecauseofChristianity。 Montesquieu,onthegeniusof。 Moraldebasement,aprogressiveprinciple。 Moraldiet,ontheuseof。 Moraldistinctionsdefined。 Moraleffectsresultingfromlanguage。 Moralessenceconstitutesanation。 Moralheroism,onthevirtuesof。 Moralinstincts,onthesacrednessof。 Morallevelling,aservileprinciple。 Nation,moralessenceconstitutesa。 NationalAssemblyofFrance,theHouseofCommonscontrastedwith。 NationalAssembly,onitsphilosophicvanity。 Nationaldignity,importanceof,inalltreaties。 Nature,SirI。Newton’sdiscoveriesofthephenomenaof—— anticipatesthedesiresofman。 Necessity,arelativeterm。 Neighbourhood,onthelawof。 Neutrality,ontheuncertaintyandcontemptibilityof。 NewEngland,fisheriesof,onthehardyspiritofthe。 Newton,SirIsaac,hisdiscoveriesofthephenomenaofnature。 Nobilityagracefulornamenttothecivilorder。 Normaninvasion,stateofEuropeandofEnglandatthetimeofthe。 “Notsobadasweseem,“justificatoryremarkson。 Novelty,itseffectsonthemind。 Obscure,powerfulinfluenceofthe。 Obscurity,courtedbydespotismandallfalsereligions。 Office,ontheemolumentsof。 Officers,English,ontheadmirablequalificationsof。 Opinion,onactingfrom,againstthegovernment。 Opinions,powersurvivestheshockof。 Oppression,onthevoiceof。 Order,thefoundationofallthings。 Outcasts,political,ontheusualtreatmentof。 Painting,influenceof。 Papercurrency,confiscationarisingfrom。 Parentalexperience,reflectionson。 Paris,ontheboastedsuperiorityof。 Parliament,difficultiesofbecomingagoodmemberof—— Mr。Burke’spreparationfor—— adeliberativeassembly—— onitsidentitywiththepeople—— ontheprivilegeof—— propertymorethanabilityrepresentedin—— onthe“omnipotence“of。 Parliamentaryprerogative,ontheprinciplesof。 Parliamentaryretrospect。 Parliaments,ontheproperperiodoftheirduration—— ontheabolitionanduseof。 Parsimonyisnoteconomy。 Party,ondecorumin—— characterandobjectsof—— politicalconnectionsof。 Partydivisions,inseparablefromafreegovernment。 Partyman,characterofa,vindicated。 Patrioticdistinction。 Patrioticservices,onthejusticeofpublicsalaryfor。 Patriotism,thetruesourceofpublicincome—— onthetruecharacteristicsof—— local,ontheextinctionof。 Peace,political,onthedifficultiesof。 Peers,privilegesofthe。 Pensionsfromthecrowntheobligationsofgratitude,andnotthefettersofservility。 People,ontheirdisputeswiththeirrulers—— voiceofthe,tobeconsulted—— necessityofsecuringtheirconfidence—— ontheiridentitywithparliament—— kinglypowernotbasedontheirchoice—— onthetruemeaningoftheterm—— war,andwillofthe—— theconstitutionnottheslaveofthe。 Perplexity,onthepoliticalstateof。 Persecution,theoryof,itsfalsity。 Pettyinterests,againstbeinginfluencedby。 PhilosophicvanityoftheFrenchNationalAssembly。 Physiognomy,ontheinfluenceof。 Picturesrepresentedbywords。 Pilgrimagesadvantageoustothecauseofliterature。 PiusVII。territoriesof,assailedbyFrance。 Placetheobjectofparty—— ontheinfluenceof,ingovernment。 Poetry,itsdominionoverthepassions。 Policy,genuinesentimentnotdiscordantwith—— national。 Polishrevolution,reflectionsonthe。 Politicalaxioms。 Politicalcharity,characteristicsof。 Politicalconnections,onthenatureof。 Politicalempiricism,itscharacter。 Politicaloutcasts,ontheusualtreatmentof。 Politicians,theorizing,onthefolliesof。 Politics,withoutprinciple—— remarkson—— onthestateoffeelingwithregardto—— inconnectionwiththepulpit。 Poor,onthefollyoftheiroverthrowingtherich。 Pope,hisexactionsfromKingJohn。 Populardiscontent,onthegeneralprevalenceof,inalltimes。 Popularopinion,onthefallacyof,asastandard。 Power,onthetendenciesof—— survivestheshockofopinions。 Practicemorecertainthantheory。 Prerogativeofthecrown—— parliamentaryandregal。 Prescriptiverights,onthejusticeandnecessityof。 Prevention,principleof,necessaryforeverypoliticalinstitution。 Price,Dr。onhispreachingthedemocracyofDissent。 “PriestsoftheRightsofMan。” Principle,ontheabsenceof,inpolitics。 PrivilegeofParliament。 Proscription,themiserableinventionofungenerousambition。 Prosecutions,public,littlebetterthanschoolsoftreason。 ProtestantismofAmerica—— English,onthedistinctivecharacterof。 Provisions,dangeroftamperingwiththetradeof—— rateofwagesnodirectrelationto。 Prudenceoftimelyreform—— rulesanddefinitionsof。 Publicbenefit,ascomparedwithindividualgood。 Publiccorruption,evilconsequencesof。 Publicincome,patriotismthetruesourceof。 Publicmen,onthelibellersof。 Publicspiritunitedwitheconomy,advantagesof—— apartofournationalcharacter。 Pulpit,politicsinthe。 Realandideal,definitionofthe。 Reasonandtaste,onthestandardof。 Reform,timely,ontheprudenceof—— false,onthepruderyof。 Reformation,English,atimeoftroubleandconfusion—— contrastedandcomparedwithanarchy。 ReformationsinEngland,principlesofthe。 Reformers,onthedifficultiesof。 Refusal,productiveofarevenue。 Regalprerogative,ontheprinciplesof。 RegicidallegislatureofFrance。 Regicide,atrociousprinciplesof—— thesanguinaryante-chamberof。 Reliefs,ontheancientcustomsof。 Religion,ontheunionofloveanddreadin—— ourcivilizationdependentonthespiritof—— withintheprovinceofaChristianmagistrate—— false,courtsobscurity—— negative,anullity。 Remedy,onthedistemperof。 Representatives,ontheconductanddutyof。 Republicanism,onthejargonof。 Republicans,onthelegislationof。 Republics,onthecharacterof,intheabstract。 Resignationofthemind。 Restrictivevirtuestoohighforhumanity。 Retrospectofthememory—— parliamentary。 Revenue,refusalproductiveofa—— thestateitsown—— necessityofitspayment—— onthebestmodeofraisingthe。 RevolutionofFrance,horrorsofthe—— Burke’sideaof—— itsfrightfulscenes—— foundedonregicide,Jacobinism,andatheism—— reflectionson—— causesofthe—— evilsof—— onthepoliticsofthe—— speciousjustificationof。 Revolution,theGlorious,ofEnglandin1688—— itsobjects—— principlesofthe。 RevolutionSociety,dangerousobjectsofthe。 RevolutionsofFranceandEnglandcompared。 “Right,Declarationof,“itsobjects。 “Right,Petitionof,“onthefamouslawof。 Rights,naturalandcivil—— prescriptive,onthejusticeandnecessityof。 Robespierre,ontheinstrumentsofhistyranny。 Rockingham,Lord,vindicationofhismeasures。 Rome,thegreatcentreofearlyChristianityinthewesternworld—— assailedbyFrance。 Rousseau,philosophicvanityof—— paradoxicalwritingsof。 Rulers,onthedisputesofthepeoplewith。 Salaries,public,onthejusticeof,forparticularservice。 Santerre,theregicideatrocityof。 Saracens,irruptionsofthe。 Saville,SirGeorge,hisintellectualandmoralcharacter。 Saxonconquests,stateofBritainatthetimeof—— religiousconversionoftheSaxons。 Self-inspectiontendstoconcentratetheforcesofthesoul。 Sentiment,genuine,notdiscordantwithsoundpolicy。 Silence,prudentialadvantagesof。 Simon,thesonofOnias,scripturalpanegyricon。 Smith,SirSidney,onhistreatmentasaFrenchprisoner。 Socialcontract,definitionofthe。 Societyandsolitude,onthebalancebetween。 Solitudeapositivepain。 Soundofwords,itseffect。 Sovereignjurisdictions,ontheadvantageof。 Speciousness,ideasof。 Speculationandhistory,generaldisquisitionon。 State,the,ontheunionoftheChurchwith—— consecratedbytheChurch—— therevenueof,itsown。 State-consecration,ontheprinciplesof。 Style,onclearnessandstrengthin。 Sublime,sourcesof,andwhatconstitutesthe。 Subserviency,base,badlawsproductiveof。 Subsistence,meansof,shouldbecertain。 Superstition,monasticandphilosophic。 Sympathy,onthebondof—— extensionsof—— itsinfluences。 Tallien,theregicideatrocityof。 Taste,philosophyof—— principlesof—— standardof。 Taxation,ontheprincipleinvolvedin—— ontherightof。 TestActs,Burke’sproposedoathonthe。 Theodorus,archbishopofCanterbury,thegreatpromoterofEnglishliterature。 Theory,liabilitytoerrorin—— ontheproperuseof。 Toleration,ontheintolerancyof。 Townshend,RightHon。Charles,hischaracterandgreatacquirements。 Truth,onthesecurityof。 Ugliness,onthenatureof。 Vanity,philosophic,ethicsof。 Venality,dangersof。 Virtues,therestrictive,almosttoohighforhumanity。 Visionary,characterofthe。 Voiceofthepeopletobeconsulted。 Vulgar,conceptionsofthe。 Wages,ontheirconnectionwithlabour。 Walpole,SirRobert,onthepolicyof。 War,onthetremendousconsequencesof。 Warandwillofthepeople。 Warningforanation,foundedonthestateofpublicaffairs。 Weaknessingovernment,ontheevilsof。 Wealth,ontherelationof,tonationaldignity。 Wilkes,John,onhisrightofelectiontoParliament。 WilliamtheConqueror,onthesovereignqualitiesof;—— hispolicy。 WilliamIII。onhissuccessiontotheEnglishcrown—— hisvigorouspolicyagainstFrance。 Words,theirpowerandinfluence—— effectof—— variousqualitiesof。 End