Hogarth，thoughaverydullboyathislessons，tookpleasurein，makingdrawingsofthelettersofthealphabet，andhisschool，exercisesweremoreremarkablefortheornamentswithwhichhe，embellishedthem，thanforthematteroftheexercisesthemselves。
Inthelatterrespecthewasbeatenbyalltheblockheadsofthe，school，butinhisadornmentshestoodalone。Hisfatherputhim，apprenticetoasilversmith，wherehelearnttodraw，andalsoto，engravespoonsandforkswithcrestsandciphers。Fromsilver-
chasing，hewentontoteachhimselfengravingoncopper，principallygriffinsandmonstersofheraldry，inthecourseof，whichpracticehebecameambitioustodelineatethevarietiesof，humancharacter。Thesingularexcellencewhichhereachedinthis，art，wasmainlytheresultofcarefulobservationandstudy。He，hadthegift，whichhesedulouslycultivated，ofcommittingto，memorytheprecisefeaturesofanyremarkableface，andafterwards，reproducingthemonpaper;butifanysingularlyfantasticformor，OUTREfacecameinhisway，hewouldmakeasketchofitonthe，spot，uponhisthumb-nail，andcarryithometoexpandathis，leisure。Everythingfantasticalandoriginalhadapowerful，attractionforhim，andhewanderedintomanyout-of-the-wayplaces，forthepurposeofmeetingwithcharacter。Bythiscarefulstoring，ofhismind，hewasafterwardsenabledtocrowdanimmenseamount，ofthoughtandtreasuredobservationintohisworks。Henceitis，thatHogarth’spicturesaresotruthfulamemorialofthe，character，themanners，andeventheverythoughtsofthetimesin，whichhelived。Truepainting，hehimselfobserved，canonlybe，learntinoneschool，andthatiskeptbyNature。Buthewasnota，highlycultivatedman，exceptinhisownwalk。Hisschool，educationhadbeenoftheslenderestkind，scarcelyevenperfecting，himintheartofspelling;hisself-culturedidtherest。Fora，longtimehewasinverystraitenedcircumstances，butnevertheless，workedonwithacheerfulheart。Poorthoughhewas，hecontrived，tolivewithinhissmallmeans，andheboasted，withbecoming，pride，thathewas“apunctualpaymaster。”，Whenhehadconquered，allhisdifficultiesandbecomeafamousandthrivingman，heloved，todwelluponhisearlylaboursandprivations，andtofightover，againthebattlewhichendedsohonourablytohimasamanandso，gloriouslyasanartist。”Irememberthetime，“saidheonone，occasion，“whenIhavegonemopingintothecitywithscarcea，shilling，butassoonasIhavereceivedtenguineastherefora，plate，Ihavereturnedhome，putonmysword，andsalliedoutwith，alltheconfidenceofamanwhohadthousandsinhispockets。”
“Industryandperseverance“wasthemottoofthesculptorBanks，whichheactedonhimself，andstronglyrecommendedtoothers。His，well-knownkindnessinducedmanyaspiringyouthstocalluponhim，andaskforhisadviceandassistance;anditisrelatedthatone，dayaboycalledathisdoortoseehimwiththisobject，butthe，servant，angryattheloudknockhehadgiven，scoldedhim，andwas，aboutsendinghimaway，whenBanksoverhearingher，himselfwent，out。Thelittleboystoodatthedoorwithsomedrawingsinhis，hand。”Whatdoyouwantwithme？”askedthesculptor。”Iwant，sir，ifyouplease，tobeadmittedtodrawattheAcademy。”，Banks，explainedthathehimselfcouldnotprocurehisadmission，buthe，askedtolookattheboy’sdrawings。Examiningthem，hesaid，“TimeenoughfortheAcademy，mylittleman！gohome-mindyour，schooling-trytomakeabetterdrawingoftheApollo-andina，monthcomeagainandletmeseeit。”，Theboywenthome-sketched，andworkedwithredoubleddiligence-and，attheendofthemonth，calledagainonthesculptor。Thedrawingwasbetter;butagain，Bankssenthimback，withgoodadvice，toworkandstudy。Ina，weektheboywasagainathisdoor，hisdrawingmuchimproved;and，Banksbidhimbeofgoodcheer，forifsparedhewoulddistinguish，himself。TheboywasMulready;andthesculptor’saugurywasamply，fulfilled。
ThefameofClaudeLorraineispartlyexplainedbyhis，indefatigableindustry。BornatChampagne，inLorraine，ofpoor，parents，hewasfirstapprenticedtoapastrycook。Hisbrother，whowasawood-carver，afterwardstookhimintohisshoptolearn，thattrade。Havingthereshownindicationsofartisticskill，a，travellingdealerpersuadedthebrothertoallowClaudeto，accompanyhimtoItaly。Heassented，andtheyoungmanreached，Rome，wherehewasshortlyafterengagedbyAgostinoTassi，the，landscapepainter，ashishouse-servant。InthatcapacityClaude，firstlearntlandscapepainting，andincourseoftimehebeganto，producepictures。WenextfindhimmakingthetourofItaly，France，andGermany，occasionallyrestingbythewaytopaint，landscapes，andtherebyreplenishhispurse。OnreturningtoRome，hefoundanincreasingdemandforhisworks，andhisreputationat，lengthbecameEuropean。Hewasunweariedinthestudyofnaturein，hervariousaspects。Itwashispracticetospendagreatpartof，histimeincloselycopyingbuildings，bitsofground，trees，leaves，andsuchlike，whichhefinishedindetail，keepingthe，drawingsbyhiminstoreforthepurposeofintroducingtheminhis，studiedlandscapes。Healsogavecloseattentiontothesky，watchingitforwholedaysfrommorningtillnight，andnotingthe，variouschangesoccasionedbythepassingcloudsandtheincreasing，andwaninglight。Bythisconstantpracticeheacquired，although，itissaidveryslowly，suchamasteryofhandandeyeas，eventuallysecuredforhimthefirstrankamonglandscapepainters。
Turner，whohasbeenstyled“theEnglishClaude，“pursuedacareer，oflikelaboriousindustry。Hewasdestinedbyhisfatherforhis，owntradeofabarber，whichhecarriedoninLondon，untiloneday，thesketchwhichtheboyhadmadeofacoatofarmsonasilver，salverhavingattractedthenoticeofacustomerwhomhisfather，wasshaving，thelatterwasurgedtoallowhissontofollowhis，bias，andhewaseventuallypermittedtofollowartasa，profession。Likeallyoungartists，Turnerhadmanydifficulties，toencounter，andtheywereallthegreaterthathiscircumstances，weresostraitened。Buthewasalwayswillingtowork，andtotake，painswithhiswork，nomatterhowhumbleitmightbe。Hewasglad，tohirehimselfoutathalf-a-crownanighttowashinskiesin，Indianinkuponotherpeople’sdrawings，gettinghissupperinto，thebargain。Thusheearnedmoneyandacquiredexpertness。Then，hetooktoillustratingguide-books，almanacs，andanysortof，booksthatwantedcheapfrontispieces。”WhatcouldIhavedone，better？”saidheafterwards;“itwasfirst-ratepractice。”，Hedid，everythingcarefullyandconscientiously，neverslurringoverhis，workbecausehewasill-remuneratedforit。Heaimedatlearning，aswellasliving;alwaysdoinghisbest，andneverleavinga，drawingwithouthavingmadeastepinadvanceuponhisprevious，work。Amanwhothuslabouredwassuretodomuch;andhisgrowth，inpowerandgraspofthoughtwas，touseRuskin’swords，“as，steadyastheincreasinglightofsunrise。”，ButTurner’sgenius，needsnopanegyric;hisbestmonumentisthenoblegalleryof，picturesbequeathedbyhimtothenation，whichwilleverbethe，mostlastingmemorialofhisfame。
ToreachRome，thecapitalofthefinearts，isusuallythehighest，ambitionoftheartstudent。ButthejourneytoRomeiscostly，andthestudentisoftenpoor。Withawillresolutetoovercome，difficulties，Romemayhoweveratlastbereached。ThusFrancois，Perrier，anearlyFrenchpainter，inhiseagerdesiretovisitthe，EternalCity，consentedtoactasguidetoablindvagrant。After，longwanderingshereachedtheVatican，studiedandbecamefamous。
NotlessenthusiasmwasdisplayedbyJacquesCallotinhis，determinationtovisitRome。Thoughopposedbyhisfatherinhis，wishtobeanartist，theboywouldnotbebaulked，butfledfrom，hometomakehiswaytoItaly。Havingsetoutwithoutmeans，he，wassoonreducedtogreatstraits;butfallinginwithabandof，gipsies，hejoinedtheircompany，andwanderedaboutwiththemfrom，onefairtoanother，sharingintheirnumerousadventures。During，thisremarkablejourneyCallotpickedupmuchofthatextraordinary，knowledgeoffigure，feature，andcharacterwhichheafterwards，reproduced，sometimesinsuchexaggeratedforms，inhiswonderful，engravings。
WhenCallotatlengthreachedFlorence，agentleman，pleasedwith，hisingeniousardour，placedhimwithanartisttostudy;buthe，wasnotsatisfiedtostopshortofRome，andwefindhimshortlyon，hiswaythither。AtRomehemadetheacquaintanceofPorigiand，Thomassin，who，onseeinghiscrayonsketches，predictedforhima，brilliantcareerasanartist。ButafriendofCallot’sfamily，havingaccidentallyencounteredhim，tookstepstocompelthe，fugitivetoreturnhome。Bythistimehehadacquiredsuchalove，ofwanderingthathecouldnotrest;soheranawayasecondtime，andasecondtimehewasbroughtbackbyhiselderbrother，who，caughthimatTurin。Atlastthefather，seeingresistancewasin，vain，gavehisreluctantconsenttoCallot’sprosecutinghis，studiesatRome。Thitherhewentaccordingly;andthistimehe，remained，diligentlystudyingdesignandengravingforseveral，years，undercompetentmasters。OnhiswaybacktoFrance，hewas，encouragedbyCosmoII。toremainatFlorence，wherehestudiedand，workedforseveralyearsmore。Onthedeathofhispatronhe，returnedtohisfamilyatNancy，where，bytheuseofhisburinand，needle，heshortlyacquiredbothwealthandfame。WhenNancywas，takenbysiegeduringthecivilwars，Callotwasrequestedby，Richelieutomakeadesignandengravingoftheevent，butthe，artistwouldnotcommemoratethedisasterwhichhadbefallenhis，nativeplace，andherefusedpoint-blank。Richelieucouldnot，shakehisresolution，andthrewhimintoprison。ThereCallotmet，withsomeofhisoldfriendsthegipsies，whohadrelievedhis，wantsonhisfirstjourneytoRome。WhenLouisXIII。heardofhis，imprisonment，henotonlyreleasedhim，butofferedtogranthim，anyfavourhemightask。Callotimmediatelyrequestedthathisold，companions，thegipsies，mightbesetfreeandpermittedtobegin，Pariswithoutmolestation。Thisoddrequestwasgrantedon，conditionthatCallotshouldengravetheirportraits，andhencehis，curiousbookofengravingsentitled“TheBeggars。”，Louisissaid，tohaveofferedCallotapensionof3000livresprovidedhewould，notleaveParis;buttheartistwasnowtoomuchofaBohemian，and，prizedhislibertytoohighlytopermithimtoacceptit;andhe，returnedtoNancy，whereheworkedtillhisdeath。Hisindustry，maybeinferredfromthenumberofhisengravingsandetchings，of，whichheleftnotfewerthan1600。Hewasespeciallyfondof，grotesquesubjects，whichhetreatedwithgreatskill;hisfree，etchings，touchedwiththegraver，beingexecutedwithespecial，delicacyandwonderfulminuteness。
StillmoreromanticandadventurouswasthecareerofBenvenuto，Cellini，themarvellousgoldworker，painter，sculptor，engraver，engineer，andauthor。Hislife，astoldbyhimself，isoneofthe，mostextraordinaryautobiographieseverwritten。GiovanniCellini，hisfather，wasoneoftheCourtmusicianstoLorenzodeMediciat，Florence;andhishighestambitionconcerninghissonBenvenutowas，thatheshouldbecomeanexpertplayerontheflute。ButGiovanni，havinglosthisappointment，founditnecessarytosendhissonto，learnsometrade，andhewasapprenticedtoagoldsmith。Theboy，hadalreadydisplayedaloveofdrawingandofart;and，applying，himselftohisbusiness，hesoonbecameadexterousworkman。
Havinggotmixedupinaquarrelwithsomeofthetownspeople，he，wasbanishedforsixmonths，duringwhichperiodheworkedwitha，goldsmithatSienna，gainingfurtherexperienceinjewelleryand，gold-working。
Hisfatherstillinsistingonhisbecomingaflute-player，Benvenutocontinuedtopractiseontheinstrument，thoughhe，detestedit。Hischiefpleasurewasinart，whichhepursuedwith，enthusiasm。ReturningtoFlorence，hecarefullystudiedthe，designsofLeonardodaVinciandMichaelAngelo;and，stillfurther，toimprovehimselfingold-working，hewentonfoottoRome，where，hemetwithavarietyofadventures。HereturnedtoFlorencewith，thereputationofbeingamostexpertworkerintheprecious，metals，andhisskillwassooningreatrequest。Butbeingofan，irascibletemper，hewasconstantlygettingintoscrapes，andwas，frequentlyunderthenecessityofflyingforhislife。Thushe，fledfromFlorenceinthedisguiseofafriar，againtakingrefuge，atSienna，andafterwardsatRome。
DuringhissecondresidenceinRome，Cellinimetwithextensive，patronage，andhewastakenintothePope’sserviceinthedouble，capacityofgoldsmithandmusician。Hewasconstantlystudyingand，improvinghimselfbyacquaintancewiththeworksofthebest，masters。Hemountedjewels，finishedenamels，engravedseals，and，designedandexecutedworksingold，silver，andbronze，insucha，styleastoexcelallotherartists。Wheneverheheardofa，goldsmithwhowasfamousinanyparticularbranch，heimmediately，determinedtosurpasshim。Thusitwasthatherivalledthemedals，ofone，theenamelsofanother，andthejewelleryofathird;in，fact，therewasnotabranchofhisbusinessthathedidnotfeel，impelledtoexcelin。
Workinginthisspirit，itisnotsowonderfulthatCellinishould，havebeenabletoaccomplishsomuch。Hewasamanof，indefatigableactivity，andwasconstantlyonthemove。Atone，timewefindhimatFlorence，atanotheratRome;thenheisat，Mantua，atRome，atNaples，andbacktoFlorenceagain;thenat，Venice，andinParis，makingallhislongjourneysonhorseback。
Hecouldnotcarrymuchluggagewithhim;so，whereverhewent，he，usuallybeganbymakinghisowntools。Henotonlydesignedhis，works，butexecutedthemhimself，-hammeredandcarved，andcast，andshapedthemwithhisownhands。Indeed，hisworkshavethe，impressofgeniussoclearlystampeduponthem，thattheycould，neverhavebeendesignedbyoneperson，andexecutedbyanother。
Thehumblestarticle-abuckleforalady’sgirdle，aseal，a，locket，abrooch，aring，orabutton-becameinhishandsa，beautifulworkofart。
Celliniwasremarkableforhisreadinessanddexterityin，handicraft。OnedayasurgeonenteredtheshopofRaffaellodel，Moro，thegoldsmith，toperformanoperationonhisdaughter’s，hand。Onlookingatthesurgeon’sinstruments，Cellini，whowas，present，foundthemrudeandclumsy，astheyusuallywereinthose，days，andheaskedthesurgeontoproceednofurtherwiththe，operationforaquarterofanhour。Hethenrantohisshop，and，takingapieceofthefineststeel，wroughtoutofitabeautifully，finishedknife，withwhichtheoperationwassuccessfully，performed。
AmongthestatuesexecutedbyCellini，themostimportantarethe，silverfigureofJupiter，executedatParisforFrancisI。andthe，Perseus，executedinbronzefortheGrandDukeCosmoofFlorence。
HealsoexecutedstatuesinmarbleofApollo，Hyacinthus，Narcissus，andNeptune。Theextraordinaryincidentsconnectedwith，thecastingofthePerseuswerepeculiarlyillustrativeofthe，remarkablecharacteroftheman。
TheGrandDukehavingexpressedadecidedopinionthatthemodel，whenshowntohiminwax，couldnotpossiblybecastinbronze，Celliniwasimmediatelystimulatedbythepredictedimpossibility，notonlytoattempt，buttodoit。Hefirstmadetheclaymodel，bakedit，andcovereditwithwax，whichheshapedintotheperfect，formofastatue。Thencoatingthewaxwithasortofearth，he，bakedthesecondcovering，duringwhichthewaxdissolvedand，escaped，leavingthespacebetweenthetwolayersforthereception，ofthemetal。Toavoiddisturbance，thelatterprocesswas，conductedinapitdugimmediatelyunderthefurnace，fromwhich，theliquidmetalwastobeintroducedbypipesandaperturesinto，themouldpreparedforit。
Cellinihadpurchasedandlaidinseveralloadsofpine-wood，in，anticipationoftheprocessofcasting，whichnowbegan。The，furnacewasfilledwithpiecesofbrassandbronze，andthefire，waslit。Theresinouspine-woodwassooninsuchafuriousblaze，thattheshoptookfire，andpartoftheroofwasburnt;whileat，thesametimethewindblowingandtherainfillingonthefurnace，keptdowntheheat，andpreventedthemetalsfrommelting。For，hoursCellinistruggledtokeepuptheheat，continuallythrowing，inmorewood，untilatlengthhebecamesoexhaustedandill，that，hefearedheshoulddiebeforethestatuecouldbecast。Hewas，forcedtoleavetohisassistantsthepouringinofthemetalwhen，melted，andbetookhimselftohisbed。Whilethoseabouthimwere，condolingwithhiminhisdistress，aworkmansuddenlyenteredthe，room，lamentingthat“PoorBenvenuto’sworkwasirretrievably，spoiled！”Onhearingthis，Celliniimmediatelysprangfromhisbed，andrushedtotheworkshop，wherehefoundthefiresomuchgone，downthatthemetalhadagainbecomehard。
Sendingacrosstoaneighbourforaloadofyoungoakwhichhad，beenmorethanayearindrying，hesoonhadthefireblazingagain，andthemetalmeltingandglittering。Thewindwas，however，still，blowingwithfury，andtherainfallingheavily;so，toprotect，himself，Cellinihadsometableswithpiecesoftapestryandold，clothesbroughttohim，behindwhichhewentonhurlingthewood，intothefurnace。Amassofpewterwasthrowninupontheother，metal，andbystirring，sometimeswithironandsometimeswithlong，poles，thewholesoonbecamecompletelymelted。Atthisjuncture，whenthetryingmomentwascloseathand，aterriblenoiseasofa，thunderboltwasheard，andaglitteringoffireflashedbefore，Cellini’seyes。Thecoverofthefurnacehadburst，andthemetal，begantoflow！，Findingthatitdidnotrunwiththeproper，velocity，Cellinirushedintothekitchen，boreawayeverypieceof，copperandpewterthatitcontained-sometwohundredporringers，dishes，andkettlesofdifferentkinds-andthrewthemintothe，furnace。Thenatlengththemetalflowedfreely，andthusthe，splendidstatueofPerseuswascast。
ThedivinefuryofgeniusinwhichCellinirushedtohiskitchen，andstrippeditofitsutensilsforthepurposesofhisfurnace，willremindthereaderofthelikeactofPallissyinbreakingup，hisfurnitureforthepurposeofbakinghisearthenware。
Excepting，however，intheirenthusiasm，notwomencouldbeless，alikeincharacter。CelliniwasanIshmaelagainstwhom，according，tohisownaccount，everyman’shandwasturned。Butabouthis，extraordinaryskillasaworkman，andhisgeniusasanartist，therecannotbetwoopinions。
MuchlessturbulentwasthecareerofNicolasPoussin，amanas，pureandelevatedinhisideasofartashewasinhisdailylife，anddistinguishedalikeforhisvigourofintellect，hisrectitude，ofcharacter，andhisnoblesimplicity。Hewasborninavery，humblestation，atAndeleys，nearRouen，wherehisfatherkepta，smallschool。Theboyhadthebenefitofhisparent’sinstruction，suchasitwas，butofthatheissaidtohavebeensomewhat，negligent，preferringtospendhistimeincoveringhislesson-
booksandhisslatewithdrawings。Acountrypainter，muchpleased，withhissketches，besoughthisparentsnottothwarthiminhis，tastes。ThepainteragreedtogivePoussinlessons，andhesoon，madesuchprogressthathismasterhadnothingmoretoteachhim。
Becomingrestless，anddesirousoffurtherimprovinghimself，Poussin，attheageof18，setoutforParis，paintingsignboards，onhiswayforamaintenance。
AtParisanewworldofartopenedbeforehim，excitinghiswonder，andstimulatinghisemulation。Heworkeddiligentlyinmany，studios，drawing，copying，andpaintingpictures。Afteratime，he，resolved，ifpossible，tovisitRome，andsetoutonhisjourney;
butheonlysucceededingettingasfarasFlorence，andagain，returnedtoParis。AsecondattemptwhichhemadetoreachRome，wasevenlesssuccessful;forthistimeheonlygotasfaras，Lyons。Hewas，nevertheless，carefultotakeadvantageofall，opportunitiesforimprovementwhichcameinhisway，andcontinued，assedulousasbeforeinstudyingandworking。
Thustwelveyearspassed，yearsofobscurityandtoil，offailures，anddisappointments，andprobablyofprivations。AtlengthPoussin，succeededinreachingRome。Therehediligentlystudiedtheold，masters，andespeciallytheancientstatues，withwhoseperfection，hewasgreatlyimpressed。Forsometimehelivedwiththesculptor，Duquesnoi，aspoorashimself，andassistedhiminmodelling，figuresaftertheantique。Withhimhecarefullymeasuredsomeof，themostcelebratedstatuesinRome，moreparticularlythe，’Antinous：’anditissupposedthatthispracticeexercised，considerableinfluenceontheformationofhisfuturestyle。At，thesametimehestudiedanatomy，practiseddrawingfromthelife，andmadeagreatstoreofsketchesofposturesandattitudesof，peoplewhomhemet，carefullyreadingathisleisuresuchstandard，booksonartashecouldborrowfromhisfriends。
Duringallthistimeheremainedverypoor，satisfiedtobe，continuallyimprovinghimself。Hewasgladtosellhispictures，forwhatevertheywouldbring。One，ofaprophet，hesoldfor，eightlivres;andanother，the’PlagueofthePhilistines，’hesold，for60crowns-apictureafterwardsboughtbyCardinalde，Richelieuforathousand。Toaddtohistroubles，hewasstricken，byacruelmalady，duringthehelplessnessoccasionedbywhichthe，ChevalierdelPossoassistedhimwithmoney。Forthisgentleman，Poussinafterwardspaintedthe’RestintheDesert，’afine，picture，whichfarmorethanrepaidtheadvancesmadeduringhis，illness。
Thebravemanwentontoilingandlearningthroughsuffering。
Stillaimingathigherthings，hewenttoFlorenceandVenice，enlargingtherangeofhisstudies。Thefruitsofhis，conscientiouslabouratlengthappearedintheseriesofgreat，pictureswhichhenowbegantoproduce，-his’Deathof，Germanicus，’followedby’ExtremeUnction，’the’Testamentof，Eudamidas，’the’Manna，’andthe’AbductionoftheSabines。’
ThereputationofPoussin，however，grewbutslowly。Hewasofa，retiringdispositionandshunnedsociety。Peoplegavehimcredit，forbeingathinkermuchmorethanapainter。Whennotactually，employedinpainting，hetooklongsolitarywalksinthecountry，meditatingthedesignsoffuturepictures。Oneofhisfewfriends，whileatRomewasClaudeLorraine，withwhomhespentmanyhoursat，atimeontheterraceofLaTrinite-du-Mont，conversingaboutart，andantiquarianism。ThemonotonyandthequietofRomeweresuited，tohistaste，and，providedhecouldearnamoderatelivingbyhis，brush，hehadnowishtoleaveit。
ButhisfamenowextendedbeyondRome，andrepeatedinvitations，weresenthimtoreturntoParis。Hewasofferedtheappointment，ofprincipalpaintertotheKing。Atfirsthehesitated;quoted，theItalianproverb，CHISTABENENONSIMUOVE;saidhehadlived，fifteenyearsinRome，marriedawifethere，andlookedforwardto，dyingandbeingburiedthere。Urgedagain，heconsented，and，returnedtoParis。Buthisappearancethereawakenedmuch，professionaljealousy，andhesoonwishedhimselfbackinRome，again。WhileinParishepaintedsomeofhisgreatestworks-his，’SaintXavier，’the’Baptism，’andthe’LastSupper。’，Hewaskept，constantlyatwork。Atfirsthedidwhateverhewasaskedtodo，suchasdesigningfrontispiecesfortheroyalbooks，more，particularlyaBibleandaVirgil，cartoonsfortheLouvre，and，designsfortapestry;butatlengthheexpostulated：-“Itis，impossibleforme，“hesaidtoM。deChanteloup，“toworkatthe，sametimeatfrontispiecesforbooks，ataVirgin，atapictureof，theCongregationofSt。Louis，atthevariousdesignsforthe，gallery，and，finally，atdesignsfortheroyaltapestry。Ihave，onlyonepairofhandsandafeeblehead，andcanneitherbehelped，norcanmylaboursbelightenedbyanother。”
Annoyedbytheenemieshissuccesshadprovokedandwhomhewas，unabletoconciliate，hedetermined，attheendoflessthantwo，years’labourinParis，toreturntoRome。Againsettledtherein，hishumbledwellingonMontPincio，heemployedhimselfdiligently，inthepracticeofhisartduringtheremainingyearsofhislife，livingingreatsimplicityandprivacy。Thoughsufferingmuchfrom，thediseasewhichafflictedhim，hesolacedhimselfbystudy，alwaysstrivingafterexcellence。”Ingrowingold，“hesaid，“I
feelmyselfbecomingmoreandmoreinflamedwiththedesireof，surpassingmyselfandreachingthehighestdegreeofperfection。”
Thustoiling，struggling，andsuffering，Poussinspenthislater，years。Hehadnochildren;hiswifediedbeforehim;allhis，friendsweregone：，sothatinhisoldagehewasleftabsolutely，aloneinRome，sofulloftombs，anddiedtherein1665，bequeathingtohisrelativesatAndeleysthesavingsofhislife，amountingtoabout1000crowns;andleavingbehindhim，asalegacy，tohisrace，thegreatworksofhisgenius。
ThecareerofArySchefferfurnishesoneofthebestexamplesin，moderntimesofalikehigh-mindeddevotiontoart。Bornat，Dordrecht，thesonofaGermanartist，heearlymanifestedan，aptitudefordrawingandpainting，whichhisparentsencouraged。
Hisfatherdyingwhilehewasstillyoung，hismotherresolved，thoughhermeanswerebutsmall，toremovethefamilytoParis，in，orderthathersonmightobtainthebestopportunitiesfor，instruction。ThereyoungSchefferwasplacedwithGuerinthe，painter。Buthismother’smeansweretoolimitedtopermithimto，devotehimselfexclusivelytostudy。Shehadsoldthefewjewels，shepossessed，andrefusedherselfeveryindulgence，inorderto，forwardtheinstructionofherotherchildren。Undersuch，circumstances，itwasnaturalthatAryshouldwishtohelpher;and，bythetimehewaseighteenyearsofagehebegantopaintsmall，picturesofsimplesubjects，whichmetwithareadysaleat，moderateprices。Healsopractisedportraitpainting，atthesame，timegatheringexperienceandearninghonestmoney。Hegradually，improvedindrawing，colouring，andcomposition。The’Baptism’
markedanewepochinhiscareer，andfromthatpointhewenton，advancing，untilhisfameculminatedinhispicturesillustrative，of’Faust，’his’FranciscadeRimini，’’ChristtheConsoler，’the，’HolyWomen，’’St。MonicaandSt。Augustin，’andmanyothernoble，works。
“Theamountoflabour，thought，andattention，“saysMrs。Grote，“whichSchefferbroughttotheproductionofthe’Francisca，’must，havebeenenormous。Intruth，histechnicaleducationhavingbeen，soimperfect，hewasforcedtoclimbthesteepofartbydrawing，uponhisownresources，andthus，whilsthishandwasatwork，his，mindwasengagedinmeditation。Hehadtotryvariousprocessesof，handling，andexperimentsincolouring;topaintandrepaint，with，tediousandunremittingassiduity。ButNaturehadendowedhimwith，thatwhichprovedinsomesortanequivalentforshortcomingsofa，professionalkind。Hisownelevationofcharacter，andhis，profoundsensibility，aidedhiminactinguponthefeelingsof，othersthroughthemediumofthepencil。”(21)
OneoftheartistswhomScheffermostadmiredwasFlaxman;andhe，oncesaidtoafriend，“IfIhaveunconsciouslyborrowedfromany，oneinthedesignofthe’Francisca，’itmusthavebeenfrom，somethingIhadseenamongFlaxman’sdrawings。”，JohnFlaxmanwas，thesonofahumblesellerofplastercastsinNewStreet，Covent，Garden。Whenachild，hewassuchaninvalidthatitwashis，customtositbehindhisfather’sshopcounterproppedbypillows，amusinghimselfwithdrawingandreading。Abenevolentclergyman，theRev。Mr。Matthews，callingattheshoponeday，sawtheboy，tryingtoreadabook，andoninquiringwhatitwas，foundittobe，aCorneliusNepos，whichhisfatherhadpickedupforafewpence，atabookstall。Thegentleman，aftersomeconversationwiththe，boy，saidthatwasnottheproperbookforhimtoread，butthathe，wouldbringhimone。Thenextdayhecalledwithtranslationsof，Homerand’DonQuixote，’whichtheboyproceededtoreadwithgreat，avidity。Hismindwassoonfilledwiththeheroismwhichbreathed，throughthepagesoftheformer，and，withthestuccoAjaxesand，Achillesesabouthim，rangedalongtheshopshelves，theambition，tookpossessionofhim，thathetoowoulddesignandembodyin，poeticformsthosemajesticheroes。
Likeallyouthfulefforts，hisfirstdesignswerecrude。Theproud，fatheronedayshowedsomeofthemtoRoubilliacthesculptor，who，turnedfromthemwithacontemptuous“pshaw！”Buttheboyhadthe，rightstuffinhim;hehadindustryandpatience;andhecontinued，tolabourincessantlyathisbooksanddrawings。Hethentriedhis，youngpowersinmodellingfiguresinplasterofParis，wax，and，clay。Someoftheseearlyworksarestillpreserved，notbecause，oftheirmerit，butbecausetheyarecuriousasthefirsthealthy，effortsofpatientgenius。Itwaslongbeforetheboycouldwalk，andheonlylearnttodosobyhobblingalonguponcrutches。At，lengthhebecamestrongenoughtowalkwithoutthem。
ThekindMr。Matthewsinvitedhimtohishouse，wherehiswife，explainedHomerandMiltontohim。Theyhelpedhimalsoinhis，self-culture-givinghimlessonsinGreekandLatin，thestudyof，whichheprosecutedathome。Bydintofpatienceandperseverance，hisdrawingimprovedsomuchthatheobtainedacommissionfroma，lady，toexecutesixoriginaldrawingsinblackchalkofsubjects，inHomer。Hisfirstcommission！，Whataneventintheartist’s，life！，Asurgeon’sfirstfee，alawyer’sfirstretainer，a，legislator’sfirstspeech，asinger’sfirstappearancebehindthe，foot-lights，anauthor’sfirstbook，arenotanyofthemmorefull，ofinteresttotheaspirantforfamethantheartist’sfirst，commission。Theboyatonceproceededtoexecutetheorder，andhe，wasbothwellpraisedandwellpaidforhiswork。
AtfifteenFlaxmanenteredapupilattheRoyalAcademy。
Notwithstandinghisretiringdisposition，hesoonbecameknown，amongthestudents，andgreatthingswereexpectedofhim。Nor，weretheirexpectationsdisappointed：，inhisfifteenthyearhe，gainedthesilverprize，andnextyearhebecameacandidatefor，thegoldone。Everybodyprophesiedthathewouldcarryoffthe，medal，fortherewasnonewhosurpassedhiminabilityand，industry。Yethelostit，andthegoldmedalwasadjudgedtoa，pupilwhowasnotafterwardsheardof。Thisfailureonthepartof，theyouthwasreallyofservicetohim;fordefeatsdonotlong，castdowntheresolute-hearted，butonlyservetocallforththeir，realpowers。”Givemetime，“saidhetohisfather，“andIwill，yetproduceworksthattheAcademywillbeproudtorecognise。”，He，redoubledhisefforts，sparednopains，designedandmodelled，incessantly，andmadesteadyifnotrapidprogress。Butmeanwhile，povertythreatenedhisfather’shousehold;theplaster-casttrade，yieldedaverybareliving;andyoungFlaxman，withresoluteself-
denial，curtailedhishoursofstudy，anddevotedhimselfto，helpinghisfatherinthehumbledetailsofhisbusiness。Helaid，asidehisHomertotakeuptheplaster-trowel。Hewaswillingto，workinthehumblestdepartmentofthetradesothathisfather’s，familymightbesupported，andthewolfkeptfromthedoor。To，thisdrudgeryofhisartheservedalongapprenticeship;butit，didhimgood。Itfamiliarisedhimwithsteadywork，andcultivated，inhimthespiritofpatience。Thedisciplinemayhavebeenhard，butitwaswholesome。
Happily，youngFlaxman’sskillindesignhadreachedtheknowledge，ofJosiahWedgwood，whosoughthimoutforthepurposeofemploying，himtodesignimprovedpatternsofchinaandearthenware。Itmay，seemahumbledepartmentofartforsuchageniusasFlaxmanto，workin;butitreallywasnotso。Anartistmaybelabouring，trulyinhisvocationwhiledesigningacommonteapotorwater-jug。
Articlesindailyuseamongstthepeople，whicharebeforetheir，eyesateverymeal，maybemadethevehiclesofeducationtoall，andministertotheirhighestculture。Themostambitiousartist，waythusconferagreaterpracticalbenefitonhiscountrymenthan，byexecutinganelaborateworkwhichhemaysellforthousandsof，poundstobeplacedinsomewealthyman’sgallerywhereitis，hiddenawayfrompublicsight。BeforeWedgwood’stimethedesigns，whichfigureduponourchinaandstonewarewerehideousbothin，drawingandexecution，andhedeterminedtoimproveboth。Flaxman，didhisbesttocarryoutthemanufacturer’sviews。Hesupplied，himfromtimetotimewithmodelsanddesignsofvariouspiecesof，earthenware，thesubjectsofwhichwereprincipallyfromancient，verseandhistory。Manyofthemarestillinexistence，andsome，areequalinbeautyandsimplicitytohisafterdesignsformarble。
ThecelebratedEtruscanvases，specimensofwhichweretobefound，inpublicmuseumsandinthecabinetsofthecurious，furnishedhim，withthebestexamplesofform，andtheseheembellishedwithhis，ownelegantdevices。Stuart’s’Athens，’thenrecentlypublished，furnishedhimwithspecimensofthepurest-shapedGreekutensils;
oftheseheadoptedthebest，andworkedthemintonewshapesof，eleganceandbeauty。Flaxmanthensawthathewaslabouringina，greatwork-nolessthanthepromotionofpopulareducation;and，hewasproud，inafterlife，toalludetohisearlylaboursinthis，walk，bywhichhewasenabledatthesametimetocultivatehis，loveofthebeautiful，todiffuseatasteforartamongthepeople，andtoreplenishhisownpurse，whilehepromotedtheprosperityof，hisfriendandbenefactor。
Atlength，intheyear1782，whentwenty-sevenyearsofage，he，quittedhisfather’sroofandrentedasmallhouseandstudioin，WardourStreet，Soho;andwhatwasmore，hemarried-AnnDenman，wasthenameofhiswife-andacheerful，bright-souled，noble，womanshewas。Hebelievedthatinmarryingherheshouldbeable，toworkwithanintenserspirit;for，likehim，shehadatastefor，poetryandart;andbesideswasanenthusiasticadmirerofher，husband’sgenius。YetwhenSirJoshuaReynolds-himselfa，bachelor-metFlaxmanshortlyafterhismarriage，hesaidtohim，“So，Flaxman，Iamtoldyouaremarried;ifso，sir，Itellyouyou，areruinedforanartist。”，Flaxmanwentstraighthome，satdown，besidehiswife，tookherhandinhis，andsaid，“Ann，Iamruined，foranartist。”，“Howso，John？，Howhasithappened？andwhohas，doneit？”“Ithappened，“hereplied，“inthechurch，andAnn，Denmanhasdoneit。”，HethentoldherofSirJoshua’sremark-
whoseopinionwaswellknown，andhadoftenbeenexpressed，thatif，studentswouldexceltheymustbringthewholepowersoftheirmind，tobearupontheirart，fromthemomenttheyroseuntiltheywent，tobed;andalso，thatnomancouldbeaGREATartistunlesshe，studiedthegrandworksofRaffaelle，MichaelAngelo，andothers，atRomeandFlorence。”AndI，“saidFlaxman，drawinguphislittle，figuretoitsfullheight，“Iwouldbeagreatartist。”，“Anda，greatartistyoushallbe，“saidhiswife，“andvisitRometoo，if，thatbereallynecessarytomakeyougreat。”，“Buthow？”asked，Flaxman。”WORKANDECONOMISE，“rejoinedthebravewife;“Iwill，neverhaveitsaidthatAnnDenmanruinedJohnFlaxmanforan，artist。”，Andsoitwasdeterminedbythepairthatthejourneyto，Romewastobemadewhentheirmeanswouldadmit。”Iwillgoto，Rome，“saidFlaxman，“andshowthePresidentthatwedlockisfora，man’sgoodratherthanhisharm;andyou，Ann，shallaccompanyme。”
Patientlyandhappilytheaffectionatecoupleploddedonduring，fiveyearsintheirhumblelittlehomeinWardourStreet，always，withthelongjourneytoRomebeforethem。Itwasneverlostsight，offoramoment，andnotapennywasuselesslyspentthatcouldbe，savedtowardsthenecessaryexpenses。Theysaidnowordtoanyone，abouttheirproject;solicitednoaidfromtheAcademy;buttrusted，onlytotheirownpatientlabourandlovetopursueandachieve，theirobject。DuringthistimeFlaxmanexhibitedveryfewworks。
Hecouldnotaffordmarbletoexperimentinoriginaldesigns;but，heobtainedfrequentcommissionsformonuments，bytheprofitsof，whichhemaintainedhimself。HestillworkedforWedgwood，whowas，apromptpaymaster;and，onthewhole，hewasthriving，happy，and，hopeful。Hislocalrespectabilitywasevensuchastobringlocal，honoursandlocalworkuponhim;forhewaselectedbythe，ratepayerstocollectthewatch-ratefortheParishofSt。Anne，whenhemightbeseengoingaboutwithanink-bottlesuspendedfrom，hisbutton-hole，collectingthemoney。
AtlengthFlaxmanandhiswifehavingaccumulatedasufficient，storeofsavings，setoutforRome。Arrivedthere，heapplied，himselfdiligentlytostudy，maintaininghimself，likeotherpoor，artists，bymakingcopiesfromtheantique。Englishvisitors，soughthisstudio，andgavehimcommissions;anditwasthenthat，hecomposedhisbeautifuldesignsillustrativeofHomer，AEschylus，andDante。Thepricepaidforthemwasmoderate-onlyfifteen，shillingsa-piece;butFlaxmanworkedforartaswellasmoney;and，thebeautyofthedesignsbroughthimotherfriendsandpatrons。
HeexecutedCupidandAuroraforthemunificentThomasHope，and，theFuryofAthamasfortheEarlofBristol。Hethenpreparedto，returntoEngland，histasteimprovedandcultivatedbycareful，study;butbeforeheleftItaly，theAcademiesofFlorenceand，Carrararecognisedhismeritbyelectinghimamember。
HisfamehadprecededhimtoLondon，wherehesoonfoundabundant，employment。WhileatRomehehadbeencommissionedtoexecutehis，famousmonumentinmemoryofLordMansfield，anditwaserectedin，thenorthtranseptofWestminsterAbbeyshortlyafterhisreturn。
Itstandsthereinmajesticgrandeur，amonumenttothegeniusof，Flaxmanhimself-calm，simple，andsevere。NowonderthatBanks，thesculptor，thenintheheydayofhisfame，exclaimedwhenhesaw，it，“Thislittlemancutsusallout！”
WhenthemembersoftheRoyalAcademyheardofFlaxman’sreturn，andespeciallywhentheyhadanopportunityofseeingandadmiring，hisportrait-statueofMansfield，theywereeagertohavehim，enrolledamongtheirnumber。Heallowedhisnametobeproposedin，thecandidates’listofassociates，andwasimmediatelyelected。
Shortlyafter，heappearedinanentirelynewcharacter。The，littleboywhohadbegunhisstudiesbehindtheplaster-cast-
seller’sshop-counterinNewStreet，CoventGarden，wasnowaman，ofhighintellectandrecognisedsupremacyinart，toinstruct，students，inthecharacterofProfessorofSculpturetotheRoyal，Academy！，Andnomanbetterdeservedtofillthatdistinguished，office;fornoneissoabletoinstructothersashewho，for，himselfandbyhisownefforts，haslearnttograpplewithand，overcomedifficulties。
Afteralong，peaceful，andhappylife，Flaxmanfoundhimself，growingold。Thelosswhichhesustainedbythedeathofhis，affectionatewifeAnn，wasasevereshocktohim;buthesurvived，herseveralyears，duringwhichheexecutedhiscelebrated“Shield，ofAchilles，“andhisnoble“ArchangelMichaelvanquishingSatan，“-
perhapshistwogreatestworks。
Chantreywasamorerobustman;-somewhatrough，butheartyinhis，demeanour;proudofhissuccessfulstrugglewiththedifficulties，whichbesethiminearlylife;and，aboveall，proudofhis，independence。Hewasbornapoorman’schild，atNorton，near，Sheffield。Hisfatherdyingwhenhewasamereboy，hismother，marriedagain。YoungChantreyusedtodriveanassladenwith，milk-cansacrossitsbackintotheneighbouringtownofSheffield，andthereservehismother’scustomerswithmilk。Suchwasthe，humblebeginningofhisindustrialcareer;anditwasbyhisown，strengththatherosefromthatposition，andachievedthehighest，eminenceasanartist。Nottakingkindlytohisstep-father，the，boywassenttotrade，andwasfirstplacedwithagrocerin，Sheffield。Thebusinesswasverydistastefultohim;but，passing，acarver’sshopwindowoneday，hiseyewasattractedbythe，glitteringarticlesitcontained，and，charmedwiththeideaof，beingacarver，hebeggedtobereleasedfromthegrocerybusiness，withthatobject。Hisfriendsconsented，andhewasbound，apprenticetothecarverandgilderforsevenyears。Hisnew，master，besidesbeingacarverinwood，wasalsoadealerinprints，andplastermodels;andChantreyatoncesetaboutimitatingboth，studyingwithgreatindustryandenergy。Allhissparehourswere，devotedtodrawing，modelling，andself-improvement，andheoften，carriedhislaboursfarintothenight。Beforehisapprenticeship，wasout-attheaceoftwenty-one-hepaidovertohismasterthe，wholewealthwhichhewasabletomuster-asumof50L-to，cancelhisindentures，determinedtodevotehimselftothecareer，ofanartist。HethenmadethebestofhiswaytoLondon，andwith，characteristicgoodsense，soughtemploymentasanassistant，carver，studyingpaintingandmodellingathisbye-hours。Among，thejobsonwhichhewasfirstemployedasajourneymancarver，was，thedecorationofthedining-roomofMr。Rogers，thepoet-aroom，inwhichhewasinafteryearsawelcomevisitor;andheusually，tookpleasureinpointingouthisearlyhandyworktotheguests，whomhemetathisfriend’stable。
ReturningtoSheffieldonaprofessionalvisit，headvertised，himselfinthelocalpapersasapainterofportraitsincrayons，andminiatures，andalsoinoil。Forhisfirstcrayonportraithe，waspaidaguineabyacutler;andforaportraitinoil，a，confectionerpaidhimasmuchas5L。andapairoftopboots！
ChantreywassooninLondonagaintostudyattheRoyalAcademy;
andnexttimehereturnedtoSheffieldheadvertisedhimselfas，readytomodelplasterbustsofhistownsmen，aswellaspaint，portraitsofthem。Hewasevenselectedtodesignamonumenttoa，deceasedvicarofthetown，andexecutedittothegeneral，satisfaction。WheninLondonheusedaroomoverastableasa，studio，andtherehemodelledhisfirstoriginalworkfor，exhibition。ItwasagiganticheadofSatan。Towardsthecloseof，Chantrey’slife，afriendpassingthroughhisstudiowasstruckby，thismodellyinginacorner。”Thathead，“saidthesculptor，“was，thefirstthingthatIdidafterIcametoLondon。Iworkedatit，inagarretwithapapercaponmyhead;andasIcouldthenafford，onlyonecandle，Istuckthatoneinmycapthatitmightmove，alongwithme，andgivemelightwhicheverwayIturned。”，Flaxman，sawandadmiredthisheadattheAcademyExhibition，and，recommendedChantreyfortheexecutionofthebustsoffour，admirals，requiredfortheNavalAsylumatGreenwich。This，commissionledtoothers，andpaintingwasgivenup。Butforeight，yearsbefore，hehadnotearned5L。byhismodelling。Hisfamous，headofHorneTookewassuchasuccessthat，accordingtohisown，account，itbroughthimcommissionsamountingto12，000L。
Chantreyhadnowsucceeded，buthehadworkedhard，andfairly，earnedhisgoodfortune。Hewasselectedfromamongstsixteen，competitorstoexecutethestatueofGeorgeIII。forthecityof，London。Afewyearslater，heproducedtheexquisitemonumentof，theSleepingChildren，nowinLichfieldCathedral，-aworkof，greattendernessandbeauty;andthenceforwardhiscareerwasone，ofincreasinghonour，fame，andprosperity。Hispatience，industry，andsteadyperseverancewerethemeansbywhichhe，achievedhisgreatness。Natureendowedhimwithgenius，andhis，soundsenseenabledhimtoemploythepreciousgiftasablessing。
Hewasprudentandshrewd，likethemenamongstwhomhewasborn;
thepocket-bookwhichaccompaniedhimonhisItaliantour，containingminglednotesonart，recordsofdailyexpenses，andthe，currentpricesofmarble。Histastesweresimple，andhemadehis，finestsubjectsgreatbythemereforceofsimplicity。Hisstatue，ofWatt，inHandsworthchurch，seemstoustheveryconsummationof，art;yetitisperfectlyartlessandsimple。Hisgenerosityto，brotherartistsinneedwassplendid，butquietandunostentatious。
HelefttheprincipalpartofhisfortunetotheRoyalAcademyfor，thepromotionofBritishart。
Thesamehonestandpersistentindustrywasthroughoutdistinctive，ofthecareerofDavidWilkie。ThesonofaScotchminister，he，gaveearlyindicationsofanartisticturn;andthoughhewasa，negligentandinaptscholar，hewasasedulousdraweroffacesand，figures。Asilentboy，healreadydisplayedthatquiet，concentratedenergyofcharacterwhichdistinguishedhimthrough，life。Hewasalwaysonthelook-outforanopportunitytodraw，-
andthewallsofthemanse，orthesmoothsandbytheriverside，werealikeconvenientforhispurpose。Anysortoftoolwould，servehim;likeGiotto，hefoundapencilinaburntstick，a，preparedcanvasinanysmoothstone，andthesubjectforapicture，ineveryraggedmendicanthemet。Whenhevisitedahouse，he，generallylefthismarkonthewallsasanindicationofhis，presence，sometimestothedisgustofcleanlyhousewives。In，short，notwithstandingtheaversionofhisfather，theminister，to，the“sinful“professionofpainting，Wilkie’sstrongpropensitywas，nottobethwarted，andhebecameanartist，workinghisway，manfullyupthesteepofdifficulty。Thoughrejectedonhisfirst，applicationasacandidateforadmissiontotheScottishAcademy，atEdinburgh，onaccountoftherudenessandinaccuracyofhis，introductoryspecimens，heperseveredinproducingbetter，untilhe，wasadmitted。Buthisprogresswasslow。Heappliedhimself，diligentlytothedrawingofthehumanfigure，andheldonwiththe，determinationtosucceed，asifwitharesoluteconfidenceinthe，result。Hedisplayednoneoftheeccentrichumourandfitful，applicationofmanyyouthswhoconceivethemselvesgeniuses，but，keptuptheroutineofsteadyapplicationtosuchanextentthathe，himselfwasafterwardsaccustomedtoattributehissuccesstohis，doggedperseveranceratherthantoanyhigherinnatepower。”The，singleelement，“hesaid，“inalltheprogressivemovementsofmy，pencilwasperseveringindustry。”，AtEdinburghhegainedafew，premiums，thoughtofturninghisattentiontoportraitpainting，withaviewtoitshigherandmorecertainremuneration，but，eventuallywentboldlyintothelineinwhichheearnedhisfame，-
andpaintedhisPitlessieFair。Whatwasbolderstill，he，determinedtoproceedtoLondon，onaccountofitspresentingso，muchwiderafieldforstudyandwork;andthepoorScotchlad，arrivedintown，andpaintedhisVillagePoliticianswhileliving，inahumblelodgingoneighteenshillingsaweek。
Notwithstandingthesuccessofthispicture，andthecommissions，whichfollowedit，Wilkielongcontinuedpoor。Thepriceswhich，hisworksrealizedwerenotgreat，forhebestoweduponthemso，muchtimeandlabour，thathisearningscontinuedcomparatively，smallformanyyears。Everypicturewascarefullystudiedand，elaboratedbeforehand;nothingwasstruckoffataheat;many，occupiedhimforyears-touching，retouching，andimprovingthem，untiltheyfinallypassedoutofhishands。AswithReynolds，his，mottowas“Work！work！work！”and，likehim，heexpressedgreat，dislikefortalkingartists。Talkersmaysow，butthesilentreap。
“LetusbeDOINGsomething，“washisobliquemodeofrebukingthe，loquaciousandadmonishingtheidle。Heoncerelatedtohisfriend，ConstablethatwhenhestudiedattheScottishAcademy，Graham，the，masterofit，wasaccustomedtosaytothestudents，inthewords，ofReynolds，“Ifyouhavegenius，industrywillimproveit;ifyou，havenone，industrywillsupplyitsplace。”，“So，“saidWilkie，“I
wasdeterminedtobeveryindustrious，forIknewIhadnogenius。”
HealsotoldConstablethatwhenLinnellandBurnett，hisfellow-
studentsinLondon，weretalkingaboutart，healwayscontrivedto，getasclosetothemashecouldtohearalltheysaid，“for，“said，he，“theyknowagreatdeal，andIknowverylittle。”，Thiswas，saidwithperfectsincerity，forWilkiewashabituallymodest。One，ofthefirstthingsthathedidwiththesumofthirtypoundswhich，heobtainedfromLordMansfieldforhisVillagePoliticians，wasto，buyapresent-ofbonnets，shawls，anddresses-forhismother，andsisterathome，thoughbutlittleabletoafforditatthe，time。Wilkie’searlypovertyhadtrainedhiminhabitsofstrict，economy，whichwere，however，consistentwithanobleliberality，asappearsfromsundrypassagesintheAutobiographyofAbraham，Raimbachtheengraver。
WilliamEttywasanothernotableinstanceofunflaggingindustry，andindomitableperseveranceinart。Hisfatherwasaginger-bread，andspicemakeratYork，andhismother-awomanofconsiderable，forceandoriginalityofcharacter-wasthedaughterofa，ropemaker。Theboyearlydisplayedaloveofdrawing，covering，walls，floors，andtableswithspecimensofhisskill;hisfirst，crayonbeingafarthing’sworthofchalk，andthisgivingplaceto，apieceofcoalorabitofcharredstick。Hismother，knowing，nothingofart，puttheboyapprenticetoatrade-thatofa，printer。Butinhisleisurehourshewentonwiththepracticeof，drawing;andwhenhistimewasouthedeterminedtofollowhisbent，-hewouldbeapainterandnothingelse。Fortunatelyhisuncle，andelderbrotherwereableandwillingtohelphimoninhisnew，career，andtheyprovidedhimwiththemeansofenteringaspupil，attheRoyalAcademy。Weobserve，fromLeslie’sAutobiography，thatEttywaslookeduponbyhisfellowstudentsasaworthybut，dull，ploddingperson，whowouldneverdistinguishhimself。Buthe，hadinhimthedivinefacultyofwork，anddiligentlyploddedhis，wayupwardtoeminenceinthehighestwalksofart。
Manyartistshavehadtoencounterprivationswhichhavetried，theircourageandendurancetotheutmostbeforetheysucceeded。
Whatnumbermayhavesunkunderthemwecanneverknow。Martin，encountereddifficultiesinthecourseofhiscareersuchas，perhapsfalltothelotoffew。Morethanoncehefoundhimselfon，thevergeofstarvationwhileengagedonhisfirstgreatpicture。
Itisrelatedofhimthatononeoccasionhefoundhimselfreduced，tohislastshilling-aBRIGHTshilling-whichhehadkept，becauseofitsverybrightness，butatlengthhefounditnecessary，toexchangeitforbread。Hewenttoabaker’sshop，boughta，loaf，andwastakingitaway，whenthebakersnatcheditfromhim，andtossedbacktheshillingtothestarvingpainter。Thebright，shillinghadfailedhiminhishourofneed-itwasabadone！
Returningtohislodgings，herummagedhistrunkforsomeremaining，crusttosatisfyhishunger。Upheldthroughoutbythevictorious，powerofenthusiasm，hepursuedhisdesignwithunsubduedenergy。
Hehadthecouragetoworkonandtowait;andwhen，afewdays，after，hefoundanopportunitytoexhibithispicture，hewasfrom，thattimefamous。Likemanyothergreatartists，hislifeproves，that，indespiteofoutwardcircumstances，genius，aidedby，industry，willbeitsownprotector，andthatfame，thoughshe，comeslate，willneverultimatelyrefuseherfavourstorealmerit，Themostcarefuldisciplineandtrainingafteracademicmethods，willfailinmakinganartist，unlesshehimselftakeanactive，partinthework。Likeeveryhighlycultivatedman，hemustbe，mainlyself-educated。WhenPugin，whowasbroughtupinhis，father’soffice，hadlearntallthathecouldlearnofarchitecture，accordingtotheusualformulas，hestillfoundthathehadlearned，butlittle;andthathemustbeginatthebeginning，andpass，throughthedisciplineoflabour。YoungPuginaccordinglyhired，himselfoutasacommoncarpenteratCoventGardenTheatre-first，workingunderthestage，thenbehindtheflys，thenuponthestage，itself。Hethusacquiredafamiliaritywithwork，andcultivated，anarchitecturaltaste，towhichthediversityofthemechanical，employmentaboutalargeoperaticestablishmentispeculiarly，favourable。Whenthetheatreclosedfortheseason，heworkeda，sailing-shipbetweenLondonandsomeoftheFrenchports，carrying，onatthesametimeaprofitabletrade。Ateveryopportunityhe，wouldlandandmakedrawingsofanyoldbuilding，andespeciallyof，anyecclesiasticalstructurewhichfellinhisway。Afterwardshe，wouldmakespecialjourneystotheContinentforthesamepurpose，andreturnedhomeladenwithdrawings。Thusheploddedand，labouredon，makingsureoftheexcellenceanddistinctionwhichhe，eventuallyachieved。
Asimilarillustrationofploddingindustryinthesamewalkis，presentedinthecareerofGeorgeKemp，thearchitectofthe，beautifulScottMonumentatEdinburgh。Hewasthesonofapoor，shepherd，whopursuedhiscallingonthesouthernslopeofthe，PentlandHills。Amidstthatpastoralsolitudetheboyhadno，opportunityofenjoyingthecontemplationofworksofart。It，happened，however，thatinhistenthyearhewassentonamessage，toRoslin，bythefarmerforwhomhisfatherherdedsheep，andthe，sightofthebeautifulcastleandchapelthereseemstohavemadea，vividandenduringimpressiononhismind。Probablytoenablehim，toindulgehisloveofarchitecturalconstruction，theboybesought，hisfathertolethimbeajoiner;andhewasaccordinglyput，apprenticetoaneighbouringvillagecarpenter。Havingservedhis，time，hewenttoGalashielstoseekwork。Ashewasploddingalong，thevalleyoftheTweedwithhistoolsuponhisback，acarriage，overtookhimnearElibankTower;andthecoachman，doubtlessatthe，suggestionofhismaster，whowasseatedinside，havingaskedthe，youthhowfarhehadtowalk，andlearningthathewasonhisway，toGalashiels，invitedhimtomounttheboxbesidehim，andthusto，ridethither。Itturnedoutthatthekindlygentlemaninsidewas，nootherthanSirWalterScott，thentravellingonhisofficial，dutyasSheriffofSelkirkshire。WhilstworkingatGalashiels，KemphadfrequentopportunitiesofvisitingMelrose，Dryburgh，and，JedburghAbbeys，whichhestudiedcarefully。Inspiredbyhislove，ofarchitecture，heworkedhiswayasacarpenteroverthegreater，partofthenorthofEngland，neveromittinganopportunityof，inspectingandmakingsketchesofanyfineGothicbuilding。Onone，occasion，whenworkinginLancashire，hewalkedfiftymilesto，York，spentaweekincarefullyexaminingtheMinster，andreturned，inlikemanneronfoot。WenextfindhiminGlasgow，wherehe，remainedfouryears，studyingthefinecathedralthereduringhis，sparetime。HereturnedtoEnglandagain，thistimeworkinghis，wayfurthersouth;studyingCanterbury，Winchester，Tintern，and，otherwell-knownstructures。In1824heformedthedesignof，travellingoverEuropewiththesameobject，supportinghimselfby，histrade。ReachingBoulogne，heproceededbyAbbevilleand，BeauvaistoParis，spendingafewweeksmakingdrawingsandstudies，ateachplace。Hisskillasamechanic，andespeciallyhis，knowledgeofmill-work，readilysecuredhimemploymentwhereverhe，went;andheusuallychosethesiteofhisemploymentinthe，neighbourhoodofsomefineoldGothicstructure，instudyingwhich，heoccupiedhisleisure。Afterayear’sworking，travel，andstudy，abroad，hereturnedtoScotland。Hecontinuedhisstudies，and，becameaproficientindrawingandperspective：，Melrosewashis，favouriteruin;andheproducedseveralelaboratedrawingsofthe，building，oneofwhich，exhibitingitina“restored“state，was，afterwardsengraved。Healsoobtainedemploymentasamodellerof，architecturaldesigns;andmadedrawingsforaworkbegunbyan，Edinburghengraver，aftertheplanofBritton’s’Cathedral，Antiquities。’，Thiswasataskcongenialtohistastes，andhe，labouredatitwithanenthusiasmwhichensureditsrapidadvance;
walkingonfootforthepurposeoverhalfScotland，andlivingas，anordinarymechanic，whilstexecutingdrawingswhichwouldhave，donecredittothebestmastersintheart。Theprojectorofthe，workhavingdiedsuddenly，thepublicationwashoweverstopped，and，Kempsoughtotheremployment。Fewknewofthegeniusofthisman-
forhewasexceedinglytaciturnandhabituallymodest-whenthe，CommitteeoftheScottMonumentofferedaprizeforthebest，design。Thecompetitorswerenumerous-includingsomeofthe，greatestnamesinclassicalarchitecture;butthedesign，unanimouslyselectedwasthatofGeorgeKemp，whowasworkingat，KilwinningAbbeyinAyrshire，manymilesoff，whentheletter，reachedhimintimatingthedecisionofthecommittee。PoorKemp！
Shortlyafterthiseventhemetanuntimelydeath，anddidnotlive，toseethefirstresultofhisindefatigableindustryandself-
cultureembodiedinstone，-oneofthemostbeautifuland，appropriatememorialsevererectedtoliterarygenius。
JohnGibsonwasanotherartistfullofagenuineenthusiasmand，loveforhisart，whichplacedhimhighabovethosesordid，temptationswhichurgemeanernaturestomaketimethemeasureof，profit。HewasbornatGyffn，nearConway，inNorthWales-the，sonofagardener。Heearlyshowedindicationsofhistalentby，thecarvingsinwoodwhichhemadebymeansofacommonpocket，knife;andhisfather，notingthedirectionofhistalent，senthim，toLiverpoolandboundhimapprenticetoacabinet-makerandwood-
carver。Herapidlyimprovedathistrade，andsomeofhiscarvings，weremuchadmired。Hewasthusnaturallyledtosculpture，and，wheneighteenyearsoldhemodelledasmallfigureofTimeinwax，whichattractedconsiderablenotice。TheMessrs。Franceys，sculptors，ofLiverpool，havingpurchasedtheboy’sindentures，tookhimastheirapprenticeforsixyears，duringwhichhisgenius，displayeditselfinmanyoriginalworks。Fromthenceheproceeded，toLondon，andafterwardstoRome;andhisfamebecameEuropean。
RobertThorburn，theRoyalAcademician，likeJohnGibson，wasborn，ofpoorparents。Hisfatherwasashoe-makeratDumfries。Besides，Robertthereweretwoothersons;oneofwhomisaskilfulcarver，inwood。Onedayaladycalledattheshoemaker’sandfound，Robert，thenamereboy，engagedindrawinguponastoolwhich，servedhimforatable。Sheexaminedhiswork，andobservinghis，abilities，interestedherselfinobtainingforhimsomeemployment，indrawing，andenlistedinhisbehalftheservicesofotherswho，couldassisthiminprosecutingthestudyofart。Theboywas，diligent，pains-taking，staid，andsilent，mixinglittlewithhis，companions，andformingbutfewintimacies。Abouttheyear1830，somegentlemenofthetownprovidedhimwiththemeansof，proceedingtoEdinburgh，wherehewasadmittedastudentatthe，ScottishAcademy。Therehehadtheadvantageofstudyingunder，competentmasters，andtheprogresswhichhemadewasrapid。From，EdinburghheremovedtoLondon，where，weunderstand，hehadthe，advantageofbeingintroducedtonoticeunderthepatronageofthe，DukeofBuccleuch。Weneedscarcelysay，however，thatofwhatever，usepatronagemayhavebeentoThorburningivinghiman，introductiontothebestcircles，patronageofnokindcouldhave，madehimthegreatartistthatheunquestionablyis，withoutnative，geniusanddiligentapplication。
NoelPaton，thewell-knownpainter，beganhisartisticcareerat，DunfermlineandPaisley，asadrawerofpatternsfortable-cloths，andmuslinembroideredbyhand;meanwhileworkingdiligentlyat，highersubjects，includingthedrawingofthehumanfigure。He，was，likeTurner，readytoturnhishandtoanykindofwork，and，in1840，whenamereyouth，wefindhimengaged，amonghisother，labours，inillustratingthe’RenfrewshireAnnual。’，Heworkedhis，waystepbystep，slowlyyetsurely;butheremainedunknownuntil，theexhibitionoftheprizecartoonspaintedforthehousesof，Parliament，whenhispictureoftheSpiritofReligion(forwhich，heobtainedoneofthefirstprizes)revealedhimtotheworldasa，genuineartist;andtheworkswhichhehassinceexhibited-such，asthe’ReconciliationofOberonandTitania，’’Home，’and’The，bluidyTryste’-haveshownasteadyadvanceinartisticpowerand，culture。
Anotherstrikingexemplificationofperseveranceandindustryin，thecultivationofartinhumblelifeispresentedinthecareerof，JamesSharples，aworkingblacksmithatBlackburn。Hewasbornat，WakefieldinYorkshire，in1825，oneofafamilyofthirteen，children。Hisfatherwasaworkingironfounder，andremovedto，Burytofollowhisbusiness。Theboysreceivednoschool，education，butwereallsenttoworkassoonastheywereable;and，atabouttenJameswasplacedinafoundry，wherehewasemployed，forabouttwoyearsassmithy-boy。Afterthathewassentintothe，engine-shopwherehisfatherworkedasengine-smith。Theboy’s，employmentwastoheatandcarryrivetsfortheboiler-makers。
Thoughhishoursoflabourwereverylong-oftenfromsixinthe，morninguntileightatnight-hisfathercontrivedtogivehim，somelittleteachingafterworkinghours;anditwasthusthathe，partiallylearnedhisletters。Anincidentoccurredinthecourse，ofhisemploymentamongtheboiler-makers，whichfirstawakenedin，himthedesiretolearndrawing。Hehadoccasionallybeenemployed，bytheforemantoholdthechalkedlinewithwhichhemadethe，designsofboilersupontheflooroftheworkshop;andonsuch，occasionstheforemanwasaccustomedtoholdtheline，anddirect，theboytomakethenecessarydimensions。Jamessoonbecameso，expertatthisastobeofconsiderableservicetotheforeman;and，athisleisurehoursathomehisgreatdelightwastopractise，drawingdesignsofboilersuponhismother’sfloor。Onone，occasion，whenafemalerelativewasexpectedfromManchesterto，paythefamilyavisit，andthehousehadbeenmadeasdecentas，possibleforherreception，theboy，oncominginfromthefoundry，intheevening，beganhisusualoperationsuponthefloor。Hehad，proceededsomewaywithhisdesignofalargeboilerinchalk，when，hismotherarrivedwiththevisitor，andtoherdismayfoundthe，boyunwashedandthefloorchalkedallover。Therelative，however，professedtobepleasedwiththeboy’sindustry，praised，hisdesign，andrecommendedhismothertoprovide“thelittle，sweep，“asshecalledhim，withpaperandpencils。
Encouragedbyhiselderbrother，hebegantopractisefigureand，landscapedrawing，makingcopiesoflithographs，butasyetwithout，anyknowledgeoftherulesofperspectiveandtheprinciplesof，lightandshade。Heworkedon，however，andgraduallyacquired，expertnessincopying。Atsixteen，heenteredtheBuryMechanic’s，Institutioninordertoattendthedrawingclass，taughtbyan，amateurwhofollowedthetradeofabarber。Therehehadalesson，aweekduringthreemonths。Theteacherrecommendedhimtoobtain，fromthelibraryBurnet’s’PracticalTreatiseonPainting;’butas，hecouldnotyetreadwithease，hewasunderthenecessityof，gettinghismother，andsometimeshiselderbrother，toread，passagesfromthebookforhimwhilehesatbyandlistened。
Feelinghamperedbyhisignoranceoftheartofreading，andeager，tomasterthecontentsofBurnet’sbook，heceasedattendingthe，drawingclassattheInstituteafterthefirstquarter，anddevoted，himselftolearningreadingandwritingathome。Inthishesoon，succeeded;andwhenheagainenteredtheInstituteandtookout，’Burnet’asecondtime，hewasnotonlyabletoreadit，butto，makewrittenextractsforfurtheruse。Soardentlydidhestudy，thevolume，thatheusedtoriseatfouro’clockinthemorningto，readitandcopyoutpassages;afterwhichhewenttothefoundry，atsix，workeduntilsixandsometimeseightintheevening;and，returnedhometoenterwithfreshzestuponthestudyofBurnet，whichhecontinuedoftenuntilalatehour。Partsofhisnights，werealsooccupiedindrawingandmakingcopiesofdrawings。On，oneofthese-acopyofLeonardodaVinci’s“LastSupper“-he，spentanentirenight。Hewenttobedindeed，buthismindwasso，engrossedwiththesubjectthathecouldnotsleep，androseagain，toresumehispencil。
Henextproceededtotryhishandatpaintinginoil，forwhich，purposeheprocuredsomecanvasfromadraper，stretcheditona，frame，coateditoverwithwhitelead，andbeganpaintingonit，withcoloursboughtfromahouse-painter。Buthisworkproveda，totalfailure;forthecanvaswasroughandknotty，andthepaint，wouldnotdry。Inhisextremityheappliedtohisoldteacher，the，barber，fromwhomhefirstlearntthatpreparedcanvaswastobe，had，andthattherewerecoloursandvarnishesmadeforthespecial，purposeofoil-painting。Assoontherefore，ashismeanswould，allow，heboughtasmallstockofthenecessaryarticlesandbegan，afresh，-hisamateurmastershowinghimhowtopaint;andthe，pupilsucceededsowellthatheexcelledthemaster’scopy。His，firstpicturewasacopyfromanengravingcalled“Sheep-shearing，“
andwasafterwardssoldbyhimforhalf-a-crown。Aidedbya，shillingGuidetoOil-painting，hewentonworkingathisleisure，hours，andgraduallyacquiredabetterknowledgeofhismaterials。
Hemadehisowneaselandpalette，palette-knife，andpaint-chest;
heboughthispaint，brushes，andcanvas，ashecouldraisethe，moneybyworkingover-time。Thiswastheslenderfundwhichhis，parentsconsentedtoallowhimforthepurpose;theburdenof，supportingaverylargefamilyprecludingthemfromdoingmore。
OftenhewouldwalktoManchesterandbackintheeveningstobuy，twoorthreeshillings’worthofpaintandcanvas，returningalmost，atmidnight，afterhiseighteenmiles’walk，sometimeswetthrough，andcompletelyexhausted，butborneupthroughoutbyhis，inexhaustiblehopeandinvincibledetermination。Thefurther，progressoftheself-taughtartistisbestnarratedinhisown，words，ascommunicatedbyhiminalettertotheauthor：-
“ThenextpicturesIpainted，“hesays，“wereaLandscapeby，Moonlight，aFruitpiece，andoneortwoothers;afterwhichI
conceivedtheideaofpainting’TheForge。’，Ihadforsometime，thoughtaboutit，buthadnotattemptedtoembodytheconceptionin，adrawing。Inow，however，madeasketchofthesubjectupon，paper，andthenproceededtopaintitoncanvas。Thepicture，simplyrepresentstheinteriorofalargeworkshopsuchasIhave，beenaccustomedtoworkin，althoughnotofanyparticularshop。
Itis，therefore，tothisextent，anoriginalconception。Having，madeanoutlineofthesubject，Ifoundthat，beforeIcould，proceedwithitsuccessfully，aknowledgeofanatomywas，indispensabletoenablemeaccuratelytodelineatethemusclesof，thefigures。MybrotherPetercametomyassistanceatthis，juncture，andkindlypurchasedformeFlaxman’s’Anatomical，studies，’-aworkaltogetherbeyondmymeansatthetime，forit，costtwenty-fourshillings。ThisbookIlookeduponasagreat，treasure，andIstudieditlaboriously，risingatthreeo’clockin，themorningtodrawafterit，andoccasionallygettingmybrother，Petertostandformeasamodelatthatuntimelyhour。AlthoughI
graduallyimprovedmyselfbythispractice，itwassometimebefore，Ifeltsufficientconfidencetogoonwithmypicture。Ialsofelt，hamperedbymywantofknowledgeofperspective，whichI
endeavouredtoremedybycarefullystudyingBrookTaylor’s，’Principles;’andshortlyafterIresumedmypainting。While，engagedinthestudyofperspectiveathome，Iusedtoapplyfor，andobtainleavetoworkattheheavierkindsofsmithworkatthe，foundry，andforthisreason-thetimerequiredforheatingthe，heaviestironworkissomuchlongerthanthatrequiredforheating，thelighter，thatitenabledmetosecureanumberofspareminutes，inthecourseoftheday，whichIcarefullyemployedinmaking，diagramsinperspectiveuponthesheetironcasinginfrontofthe，hearthatwhichIworked。”
Thusassiduouslyworkingandstudying，JamesSharplessteadily，advancedinhisknowledgeoftheprinciplesofart，andacquired，greaterfacilityinitspractice。Someeighteenmonthsafterthe，expiryofhisapprenticeshiphepaintedaportraitofhisfather，whichattractedconsiderablenoticeinthetown;asalsodidthe，pictureof“TheForge，“whichhefinishedsoonafter。Hissuccess，inportrait-paintingobtainedforhimacommissionfromtheforeman，oftheshoptopaintafamilygroup，andSharplesexecuteditso，wellthattheforemannotonlypaidhimtheagreedpriceof，eighteenpounds，butthirtyshillingstoboot。Whileengagedon，thisgroupheceasedtoworkatthefoundry，andhehadthoughtsof，givinguphistradealtogetheranddevotinghimselfexclusivelyto，painting。Heproceededtopaintseveralpictures，amongstothersa，headofChrist，anoriginalconception，life-size，andaviewof，Bury;butnotobtainingsufficientemploymentatportraitsto，occupyhistime，orgivehimtheprospectofasteadyincome，he，hadthegoodsensetoresumehisleatherapron，andgoonworking，athishonesttradeofablacksmith;employinghisleisurehoursin，engravinghispictureof“TheForge，“sincepublished。Hewas，inducedtocommencetheengravingbythefollowingcircumstance。A
Manchesterpicture-dealer，towhomheshowedthepainting，letdrop，theobservation，thatinthehandsofaskilfulengraveritwould，makeaverygoodprint。Sharplesimmediatelyconceivedtheideaof，engravingithimself，thoughaltogetherignorantoftheart。The，difficultieswhichheencounteredandsuccessfullyovercamein，carryingouthisprojectarethusdescribedbyhimself：-
“IhadseenanadvertisementofaSheffieldsteel-platemaker，givingalistofthepricesatwhichhesuppliedplatesofvarious，sizes，and，fixingupononeofsuitabledimensions，Iremittedthe，amount，togetherwithasmalladditionalsumforwhichIrequested，himtosendmeafewengravingtools。Icouldnotspecifythe，articleswanted，forIdidnotthenknowanythingabouttheprocess，ofengraving。However，theredulyarrivedwiththeplatethreeor，fourgraversandanetchingneedle;thelatterIspoiledbeforeI
knewitsuse。Whileworkingattheplate，theAmalgamatedSociety，ofEngineersofferedapremiumforthebestdesignforan，emblematicalpicture，forwhichIdeterminedtocompete，andIwas，sofortunateastowintheprize。ShortlyafterthisIremovedto，Blackburn，whereIobtainedemploymentatMessrs。Yates’，engineers，asanengine-smith;andcontinuedtoemploymyleisure，timeindrawing，painting，andengraving，asbefore。Withthe，engravingImadebutveryslowprogress，owingtothedifficulties，Iexperiencedfromnotpossessingpropertools。Ithendetermined，totrytomakesomethatwouldsuitmypurpose，andafterseveral，failuresIsucceededinmakingmanythatIhaveusedinthecourse，ofmyengraving。Iwasalsogreatlyatalossforwantofaproper，magnifyingglass，andpartoftheplatewasexecutedwithnoother，assistanceofthissortthanwhatmyfather’sspectaclesafforded，thoughIafterwardssucceededinobtainingapropermagnifier，whichwasoftheutmostusetome。AnincidentoccurredwhileI
wasengravingtheplate，whichhadalmostcausedmetoabandonit，altogether。ItsometimeshappenedthatIwasobligedtolayit，asideforaconsiderabletime，whenotherworkpressed;andin，ordertoguarditagainstrust，Iwasaccustomedtoruboverthe，gravenpartswithoil。Butonexaminingtheplateafteroneof，suchintervals，Ifoundthattheoilhadbecomeadarksticky，substanceextremelydifficulttogetout。Itriedtopickitout，withaneedle，butfoundthatitwouldalmosttakeasmuchtimeas，toengravethepartsafresh。Iwasingreatdespairatthis，but，atlengthhitupontheexpedientofboilingitinwatercontaining，soda，andafterwardsrubbingtheengravedpartswithatooth-brush;
andtomydelightfoundtheplansucceededperfectly。Mygreatest，difficultiesnowover，patienceandperseverancewereallthatwere，neededtobringmylabourstoasuccessfulissue。Ihadneither，advicenorassistancefromanyoneinfinishingtheplate。If，therefore，theworkpossessanymerit，Icanclaimitasmyown;
andifinitsaccomplishmentIhavecontributedtoshowwhatcanbe，donebyperseveringindustryanddetermination，itisallthe，honourIwishtolayclaimto。”
Itwouldbebesideourpurposetoenteruponanycriticismof“The，Forge“asanengraving;itsmeritshavingbeenalreadyfully，recognisedbytheartjournals。Theexecutionoftheworkoccupied，Sharples’sleisureeveninghoursduringaperiodoffiveyears;and，itwasonlywhenhetooktheplatetotheprinterthatheforthe，firsttimesawanengravedplateproducedbyanyotherman。To，thisunvarnishedpictureofindustryandgenius，weaddoneother，trait，anditisadomesticone。”Ihavebeenmarriedseven，years，“sayshe，“andduringthattimemygreatestpleasure，after，Ihavefinishedmydailylabouratthefoundry，hasbeentoresume，mypencilorgraver，frequentlyuntilalatehouroftheevening，mywifemeanwhilesittingbymysideandreadingtomefromsome，interestingbook，“-asimplebutbeautifultestimonytothe，thoroughcommonsenseaswellasthegenuineright-heartednessof，thismostinterestinganddeservingworkman。
Thesameindustryandapplicationwhichwehavefoundtobe，necessaryinordertoacquireexcellenceinpaintingandsculpture，areequallyrequiredinthesisterartofmusic-theonebeingthe，poetryofformandcolour，theotherofthesoundsofnature。
Handelwasanindefatigableandconstantworker;hewasnevercast，downbydefeat，buthisenergyseemedtoincreasethemorethat，adversitystruckhim。Whenapreytohismortificationsasan，insolventdebtor，hedidnotgivewayforamoment，butinoneyear，producedhis’Saul，’’Israel，’themusicforDryden’s’Ode，’his，’TwelveGrandConcertos，’andtheoperaof’JupiterinArgos，’
amongthefinestofhisworks。Ashisbiographersaysofhim，“He，bravedeverything，and，byhisunaidedself，accomplishedthework，oftwelvemen。”
Haydn，speakingofhisart，said，“Itconsistsintakingupa，subjectandpursuingit。”，“Work，“saidMozart，“ismychief，pleasure。”，Beethoven’sfavouritemaximwas，“Thebarriersarenot，erectedwhichcansaytoaspiringtalentsandindustry，’Thusfar，andnofarther。’“WhenMoschelessubmittedhisscoreof’Fidelio’
forthepianofortetoBeethoven，thelatterfoundwrittenatthe，bottomofthelastpage，“Finis，withGod’shelp。”，Beethoven，immediatelywroteunderneath，“Oman！helpthyself！”Thiswasthe，mottoofhisartisticlife。JohnSebastianBachsaidofhimself，“Iwasindustrious;whoeverisequallysedulous，willbeequally，successful。”，ButthereisnodoubtthatBachwasbornwitha，passionformusic，whichformedthemainspringofhisindustry，and，wasthetruesecretofhissuccess。Whenamereyouth，hiselder，brother，wishingtoturnhisabilitiesinanotherdirection，destroyedacollectionofstudieswhichtheyoungSebastian，being，deniedcandles，hadcopiedbymoonlight;provingthestrongnatural，bentoftheboy’sgenius。OfMeyerbeer，Baylethuswrotefrom，Milanin1820：-“Heisamanofsometalent，butnogenius;he，livessolitary，workingfifteenhoursadayatmusic。”，Years，passed，andMeyerbeer’shardworkfullybroughtouthisgenius，as，displayedinhis’Roberto，’’Huguenots，’’Prophete，’andother，works，confessedlyamongstthegreatestoperaswhichhavebeen，producedinmoderntimes。
AlthoughmusicalcompositionisnotanartinwhichEnglishmenhave，asyetgreatlydistinguishedthemselves，theirenergieshavingfor，themostparttakenotherandmorepracticaldirections，wearenot，withoutnativeillustrationsofthepowerofperseveranceinthis，specialpursuit。Arnewasanupholsterer’sson，intendedbyhis，fatherforthelegalprofession;buthisloveofmusicwasso，great，thathecouldnotbewithheldfrompursuingit。While，engagedinanattorney’soffice，hismeanswereverylimited，but，togratifyhistastes，hewasaccustomedtoborrowaliveryandgo，intothegalleryoftheOpera，thenappropriatedtodomestics。
Unknowntohisfatherhemadegreatprogresswiththeviolin，and，thefirstknowledgehisfatherhadofthecircumstancewaswhen，accidentallycallingatthehouseofaneighbouringgentleman，to，hissurpriseandconsternationhefoundhissonplayingtheleading，instrumentwithapartyofmusicians。Thisincidentdecidedthe，fateofArne。Hisfatherofferednofurtheroppositiontohis，wishes;andtheworldtherebylostalawyer，butgainedamusician，ofmuchtasteanddelicacyoffeeling，whoaddedmanyvaluable，workstoourstoresofEnglishmusic。
