第71章

类别:其他 作者:William James字数:5754更新时间:18/12/21 17:13:49
DialecticallymindedreadersofthisfarragowillatleastrecognizetheregionofthoughtofwhichMr。Clarkwrites,asfamiliar。Inhislatestpamphlet,“Tennyson’sTrancesandtheAnaestheticRevelation。”Mr。Blooddescribesitsvalueforlifeasfollows:—— “TheAnaestheticRevelationistheInitiationofManintotheImmemorialMysteryoftheOpenSecretofBeing,revealedastheInevitableVortexofContinuity。Inevitableistheword。Itsmotiveisinherent——itiswhathastobe。Itisnotforanyloveorhate,norforjoynorsorrow,norgoodnorill。End,beginning,orpurpose,itknowsnotof。 “Itaffordsnoparticularofthemultiplicityandvarietyofthingsbutitfillsappreciationofthehistoricalandthesacredwithasecularandintimatelypersonalilluminationofthenatureandmotiveofexistence,whichthenseemsreminiscent——asifitshouldhaveappeared,orshallyetappear,toeveryparticipantthereof。 “Althoughitisatfirststartlinginitssolemnity,itbecomesdirectlysuchamatterofcourse——soold-fashioned,andsoakintoproverbsthatitinspiresexultationratherthanfear,andasenseofsafety,asidentifiedwiththeaboriginalandtheuniversal。Butnowordsmayexpresstheimposingcertaintyofthepatientthatheisrealizingtheprimordial,AdamicsurpriseofLife。 “Repetitionoftheexperiencefindsiteverthesame,andasifitcouldnotpossiblybeotherwise。Thesubjectresumeshisnormalconsciousnessonlytopartiallyandfitfullyrememberitsoccurrence,andtotrytoformulateitsbafflingimport——withonlythisconsolatoryafterthought:thathehasknowntheoldesttruth,andthathehasdonewithhumantheoriesastotheorigin,meaning,ordestinyoftherace。Heisbeyondinstructionin’spiritualthings。’ “Thelessonisoneofcentralsafety:theKingdomiswithin。 Alldaysarejudgmentdays:buttherecanbenoclimactericpurposeofeternity,noranyschemeofthewhole。Theastronomerabridgestherowofbewilderingfiguresbyincreasinghisunitofmeasurement:somaywereducethedistractingmultiplicityofthingstotheunityforwhicheachofusstands。 “ThishasbeenmymoralsustenancesinceIhaveknownofit。InmyfirstprintedmentionofitIdeclared:’Theworldisnomorethealienterrorthatwastaughtme。Spurningthecloud-grimedandstillsultrybattlementswhencesolatelyJehovanthundersboomed,mygraygullliftsherwingagainstthenightfall,andtakesthedimleagueswithafearlesseye。’Andnow,aftertwenty-sevenyearsofthisexperience,thewingisgrayer,buttheeyeisfearlessstill,whileIrenewanddoublyemphasizethatdeclaration。Iknow——ashavingknown——themeaningofExistence:thesanecentreoftheuniverse——atoncethewonderandtheassuranceofthesoul——forwhichthespeechofreasonhasasyetnonamebuttheAnaestheticRevelation。”——Ihaveconsiderablyabridgedthequotation。 Thishasthegenuinereligiousmysticring!IjustnowquotedJ。 A。Symonds。Healsorecordsamysticalexperiencewithchloroform,asfollows:—— ’Afterthechokingandstiflinghadpassedaway,Iseemedatfirstinastateofutterblankness;thencameflashesofintenselight,alternatingwithblackness,andwithakeenvisionofwhatwasgoingonintheroomaroundme,butnosensationoftouch。I thoughtthatIwasneardeath;when,suddenly,mysoulbecameawareofGod,whowasmanifestlydealingwithme,handlingme,sotospeak,inanintensepersonalpresentreality。Ifelthimstreaminginlikelightuponme……IcannotdescribetheecstasyIfelt。Then,asIgraduallyawokefromtheinfluenceoftheanaesthetics,theoldsenseofmyrelationtotheworldbegantoreturn,thenewsenseofmyrelationtoGodbegantofade。I suddenlyleapttomyfeetonthechairwhereIwassitting,andshriekedout,’Itistoohorrible,itistoohorrible,itistoohorrible,’meaningthatIcouldnotbearthisdisillusionment。 ThenIflungmyselfontheground,andatlastawokecoveredwithblood,callingtothetwosurgeons(whowerefrightened),’Whydidyounotkillme?Whywouldyounotletmedie?’Onlythinkofit。TohavefeltforthatlongdatelessecstasyofvisiontheveryGod,inallpurityandtendernessandtruthandabsolutelove,andthentofindthatIhadafterallhadnorevelation,butthatIhadbeentrickedbytheabnormalexcitementofmybrain。 “Yet,thisquestionremains,Isitpossiblethattheinnersenseofrealitywhichsucceeded,whenmyfleshwasdeadtoimpressionsfromwithout,totheordinarysenseofphysicalrelations,wasnotadelusionbutanactualexperience?IsitpossiblethatI,inthatmoment,feltwhatsomeofthesaintshavesaidtheyalwaysfelt,theundemonstrablebutirrefragablecertaintyofGod?” Op。cit。,pp。78-80,abridged。Isubjoin,alsoabridgingit,anotherinterestinganaestheticrevelationcommunicatedtomeinmanuscriptbyafriendinEngland。Thesubject,agiftedwoman,wastakingetherforasurgicaloperation。 “IwonderedifIwasinaprisonbeingtortured,andwhyI rememberedhavinghearditsaidthatpeople’learnthroughsuffering,’andinviewofwhatIwasseeing,theinadequacyofthissayingstruckmesomuchthatIsaid,aloud,’tosufferIS tolearn。’ “WiththatIbecameunconsciousagain,andmylastdreamimmediatelyprecededmyrealcomingto。Itonlylastedafewseconds,andwasmostvividandrealtome,thoughitmaynotbeclearinwords。 “AgreatBeingorPowerwastravelingthroughthesky,hisfootwasonakindoflightningasawheelisonarail,itwashispathway。Thelightningwasmadeentirelyofthespiritsofinnumerablepeopleclosetooneanother,andIwasoneofthem。 Hemovedinastraightline,andeachpartofthestreakorflashcameintoitsshortconsciousexistenceonlythathemighttravel。IseemedtobedirectlyunderthefootofGod,andI thoughthewasgrindinghisownlifeupoutofmypain。ThenI sawthatwhathehadbeentryingwithallhismighttodowastoCHANGEHISCOURSE,toBENDthelineoflightningtowhichhewastied,inthedirectioninwhichhewantedtogo。Ifeltmyflexibilityandhelplessness,andknewthathewouldsucceed。Hebendedme,turninghiscornerbymeansofmyhurt,hurtingmemorethanIhadeverbeenhurtinmylife,andattheacutestpointofthis,ashepassed,ISAW。IunderstoodforamomentthingsthatIhavenowforgotten,thingsthatnoonecouldrememberwhileretainingsanity。Theanglewasanobtuseangle,andIrememberthinkingasIwokethathadhemadeitarightoracuteangle,Ishouldhavebothsufferedand’seen’stillmore,andshouldprobablyhavedied。 “HewentonandIcameto。Inthatmomentthewholeofmylifepassedbeforeme,includingeachlittlemeaninglesspieceofdistress,andIUNDERSTOODthem。THISwaswhatithadallmeant,THISwasthepieceofworkithadallbeencontributingtodo。I didnotseeGod’spurpose,Ionlysawhisintentnessandhisentirerelentlessnesstowardshismeans。Hethoughtnomoreofmethanamanthinksofhurtingacorkwhenheisopeningwine,orhurtingacartridgewhenheisfiring。Andyet,onwaking,myfirstfeelingwas,anditcamewithtears,’Dominenonsumdigna,’forIhadbeenliftedintoapositionforwhichIwastoosmall。IrealizedthatinthathalfhourunderetherIhadservedGodmoredistinctlyandpurelythanIhadeverdoneinmylifebefore,orthanIamcapableofdesiringtodo。Iwasthemeansofhisachievingandrevealingsomething,Iknownotwhatortowhom,andthat,totheexactextentofmycapacityforsuffering。 “Whileregainingconsciousness,Iwonderedwhy,sinceIhadgonesodeep,IhadseennothingofwhatthesaintscalltheLOVEofGod,nothingbuthisrelentlessness。AndthenIheardananswer,whichIcouldonlyjustcatch,saying,’KnowledgeandLoveareOne,andtheMEASUREissuffering’——Igivethewordsastheycametome。WiththatIcamefinallyto(intowhatseemedadreamworldcomparedwiththerealityofwhatIwasleaving),andIsawthatwhatwouldbecalledthe’cause’ofmyexperiencewasaslightoperationunderinsufficientether,inabedpushedupagainstawindow,acommoncitywindowinacommoncitystreet。 IfIhadtoformulateafewofthethingsIthencaughtaglimpseof,theywouldrunsomewhatasfollows:—— “Theeternalnecessityofsufferinganditseternalvicariousness。Theveiledandincommunicablenatureoftheworstsufferings;——thepassivityofgenius,howitisessentiallyinstrumentalanddefenseless,moved,notmoving,itmustdowhatitdoes;——theimpossibilityofdiscoverywithoutitsprice;——finally,theexcessofwhatthesuffering’seer’orgeniuspaysoverwhathisgenerationgains。(Heseemslikeonewhosweatshislifeouttoearnenoughtosaveadistrictfromfamine,andjustashestaggersback,dyingandsatisfied,bringingalacofrupeestobuygrainwith,Godliftsthelacaway,droppingONErupee,andsays,’Thatyoumaygivethem。 Thatyouhaveearnedforthem。TherestisforME。’)Iperceivedalsoinawaynevertobeforgotten,theexcessofwhatweseeoverwhatwecandemonstrate。 “Andsoon!——thesethingsmayseemtoyoudelusions,ortruisms; butformetheyaredarktruths,andthepowertoputthemintoevensuchwordsasthesehasbeengivenmebyanetherdream。” Withthiswemakeconnectionwithreligiousmysticismpureandsimple。Symonds’squestiontakesusbacktothoseexampleswhichyouwillremembermyquotinginthelectureontheRealityoftheUnseen,ofsuddenrealizationoftheimmediatepresenceofGod。 Thephenomenoninoneshapeoranotherisnotuncommon。 “Iknow。”writesMr。Trine,“anofficeronourpoliceforcewhohastoldmethatmanytimeswhenoffduty,andonhiswayhomeintheevening,therecomestohimsuchavividandvitalrealizationofhisonenesswiththisInfinitePower,andthisSpiritofInfinitePeacesotakesholdofandsofillshim,thatitseemsasifhisfeetcouldhardlykeeptothepavement,sobuoyantandsoexhilarateddoeshebecomebyreasonofthisinflowingtide。”[236] InTunewiththeInfinite,p。 Certainaspectsofnatureseemtohaveapeculiarpowerofawakeningsuchmysticalmoods。[237]MostofthestrikingcaseswhichIhavecollectedhaveoccurredoutofdoors。Literaturehascommemoratedthisfactinmanypassagesofgreatbeauty——thisextract,forexample,fromAmiel’sJournalIntime:—— ThelargerGodmaythenswallowupthesmallerone。ItakethisfromStarbuck’smanuscriptcollection:—— “IneverlosttheconsciousnessofthepresenceofGoduntilI stoodatthefootoftheHorseshoeFalls,Niagara。ThenIlosthimintheimmensityofwhatIsaw。Ialsolostmyself,feelingthatIwasanatomtoosmallforthenoticeofAlmightyGod。” IsubjoinanothersimilarcasefromStarbuck’scollection:—— “InthattimetheconsciousnessofGod’snearnesscametomesometimes。IsayGod,todescribewhatisindescribable。A presence,Imightsay,yetthatistoosuggestiveofpersonality,andthemomentsofwhichIspeakdidnotholdtheconsciousnessofapersonality,butsomethinginmyselfmademefeelmyselfapartofsomethingbiggerthanI,thatwascontrolling。Ifeltmyselfonewiththegrass,thetrees,birds,insects,everythinginNature。Iexultedinthemerefactofexistence,ofbeingapartofitall——thedrizzlingrain,theshadowsoftheclouds,thetree-trunks,andsoon。Intheyearsfollowing,suchmomentscontinuedtocome,butIwantedthemconstantly。Iknewsowellthesatisfactionoflosingselfinaperceptionofsupremepowerandlove,thatIwasunhappybecausethatperceptionwasnotconstant。”Thecasesquotedinmythirdlecture,pp。65,66,69,arestillbetteronesofthistype。Inheressay,TheLossofPersonality,inTheAtlanticMonthly(vol。lxxxv。p。195),MissEthelD。Pufferexplainsthatthevanishingofthesenseofself,andthefeelingofimmediateunitywiththeobject,isduetothedisappearance,intheserapturousexperiences,ofthemotoradjustmentswhichhabituallyintermediatebetweentheconstantbackgroundofconsciousness(whichistheSelf)andtheobjectintheforeground,whateveritmaybe。Imustreferthereadertothehighlyinstructivearticle,whichseemstometothrowlightuponthepsychologicalconditions,thoughitfailstoaccountfortheraptureortherevelation-valueoftheexperienceintheSubject’seyes。 “ShallIeveragainhaveanyofthoseprodigiousreverieswhichsometimescametomeinformerdays?Oneday,inyouth,atsunrise,sittingintheruinsofthecastleofFaucigny;andagaininthemountains,underthenoondaysun,aboveLavey,lyingatthefootofatreeandvisitedbythreebutterflies;oncemoreatnightupontheshinglyshoreoftheNorthernOcean,mybackuponthesandandmyvisionrangingthroughtheMilkyWay;——suchgrandandspacious,immortal,cosmogonicreveries,whenonereachestothestars,whenoneownstheinfinite!Momentsdivine,ecstatichours;inwhichourthoughtfliesfromworldtoworld,piercesthegreatenigma,breatheswitharespirationbroad,tranquil,anddeepastherespirationoftheocean,sereneandlimitlessasthebluefirmament;……instantsofirresistibleintuitioninwhichonefeelsone’sselfgreatastheuniverse,andcalmasagod。Whathours,whatmemories! Thevestigestheyleavebehindareenoughtofilluswithbeliefandenthusiasm,asiftheywerevisitsoftheHolyGhost。”[238]