16。EynshamCart。，ChristChurch，Oxford，MSS。，N。27，f74，b：
’PlacitumdeHanebergeinrecordodebancodeterminoStiTrinitatisannixliij(Edw。III)。EstquidamhamelettusvocatusTilgerdesleinfrabundosvilledeEynesham，infraquemhamelettumtaminvastisquaminterris，pratisetpasturiseiusdemhamelettiiidemJohannesSmythetomnesaliihabentcommunamcumomnibusaveriissuistanquampertinensadtenementasuaqueipsiseparatitenentinHanberge，scilicetinvastoetpasturaquolibetannopertotumannumetinterrisarabilibuspostbladamessaetasportataquousque。resemenenturetquolibettercioannotemporewarectipertotumannumeoquodomnesterraearabilesinfradictumhamelettumperduosannoscontinuosdebentseminariettercioannowarectari，etinpratispostfenumlevatumetasportatumusqueadfestumpurificacionisbeateMarie……EtdicuntquoddiversisvicibusquibuspredictusAbbasnuncquerituretc。diuerseparcelleterrarumarabiliuminhamelettopredictoquetunctemporiswarectaredebuissentperpredictumabbatemetaliosseminatefueruntperquodipsitaminparcellisillissicseminatisquetunctemporiswarectaredebueruntquaminaliisvastis，pratisetpascuishamelettipredictiincommunasuacumaueriissuisprouteisbenelicueritusifuerunt。Etpredictusabbasnoncognoscitquodterrearabilesinfrahamelettumpredictumquolibettercioannodebentwarectari，immoprotestandoquodeedemterrepertresannoscontinuosdebentseminarietquartoannowarectari。’Thecaseisarathercomplicatedone，becausethepersonsclaimingcommonarenottenantsoftheAbbotbutoftheKing。Still，theirpretensionsaregroundedonthecustomaryorderoffarminginahamletbelongingtothemanorofEynsham，andthisisthepointwhichconcernsus。CfCoramRege，Pascha，25HenryIII：’Abbas。
partitusfuitterrassuasintrespartesquaeanteapartitaefueruntinduaspartes。’SeealsoPlacit。Abbrev。153。ThecaseisquotedbyScrutton，CommonFields，57。
Someoftheseexpressionsareintcresting。BalkistheO。N。
balkr；goraisthespear。headoritslongtriangularshape，O。E。
gar，O。N。geirr。TheselinguisticaffinitieshavebeenpointedouttomebyMr。F。YorkPowell。
AlvinghamPrioryCart。，LaudMSS。642(Bodleian)，f12。CfMalmesburyCart。ii。294；Madox，HistoryoftheExchequer，258。
EynshamCart。，5，a：’I。I。virgatarius。IdemtenetunamselionemterreapudBlakelondnonmensuratam。’
DomesdayofSt。Paul’s，11：’Laurenciusdehospitaledimidiamvirgatampro40denariis；tresacrequastenuitLaurenciussineservicioinvenirinonpossunt。’
DunstablePrioryCart。，HarleianMSS。1885，f7，d。SeeAppendixxiii。
Elton，EnglishHistoricalReview，i，435。
heexpressionsarenotidentical，buttheyoughtbothtocorrespondtotheploughteam。
DomesdayofSt。Paul’s：’Maneriumistudsecundumdictumjuratorumcontinetoctohidas，ethidacontinetsexciesvigintiacras，setantiquainquisiciodixit，quodnonconsuevitcontinerenisiquaterviginti，quiapostmodumexquisitesuntterreetmensuratae。’
Inqu。postmort。30HenryIII，N。36：’ExtensiodeterrisRobertideSanctoGeorgio(incom。Lincoln。)。tenuitincapitededominoRege20bovatasterreetdimidiamproserviciosextepartisuniusfeodimilitis……EtRobertusdeDraytontenet2
bovatasetquartampartemuniusbovateterrededictoRobertoperforinsecumserviciumtantum，unde16carucateterrefaciuntfeodummilitis。’
29。Rot。Hundred。ii。631，b：’。etaddictamvillampertinentsexhidequarumquelibetcontinet6virgatasterreetquelibetvirgatacontinet30acras。’RamseySurvey，Galba，E。x。41：’Inunahydarumistarum。septemvirgatae4acrisminus。’EynshamCart。，21，a：’Etabbashabetineodemmaneriocarucatasterreetcontinent16virgatasterreindominicoetinvillenagio16
virgatasterre。’
RamseyCart。(RollsSer。)，i。354：’Aliquando48acrefaciuntvirgatametaliquandopauciores。’
GlastonburyInqu。(RoxburgheSer。)，134：’。R。deW。unamvirgatampro4solidisproomniservicioquiaterraparvaest。’
Ibid。，113：’Superhancvirgatamterrefueruntolim2domusetproduabusvirgatiscomputatafuitterrailla，sedquianonpotuerant2hominesibivivere，redacteille2virgateadunam，etsicutaudierantdicere7solidireddebantur，sednunquamhocvideruntetfacitidemservitiumquodaliifaciuntvirgarii。’
OC。PellintheTransactionsoftheCambridgeArchaeologicalSociety，vi。17sqq。，63sqq。
DuchyofLancasterCourtRolls，Ble62，N。750；3，b。BurtonCartulary，TransactionsoftheStaffordshireWilliamSaltSociety，pp。22，28。
PeterboroughCart。，CottonMSS。，Faustina，B。iii。97：
’Liberawaraestunusredditusetesttaliscondicionisquodsinonsolvatur。dupplicatiburillcrastinoetsicindies。’
BeaulieuCart。，103：’Etinveniethominemadgurgitemfaciendumetwaram。’。Rot。Hundr。，ii。323：’Tenementumquodnonesthidatumnecfeodatum。’
RamseyCart。(RollsSer。)，i。401：’TerraedeHulmononsuntdistinctaeperhydasvelpervirgatas。’413：’Nesciturquotvirgataefaciunthidam，necquotacraefaciuntvirgatam。’Cf405。
GlastonburyInqu。(RoxburgheSer。)，5：’。Nescitquantumamuntatinhida。’
RamseyCart。i。441：’Terraequaesuntextrahydametquaenondanthydagium。’。，Virgatamextrahydamfirmariusappropriavit。’324：’Ponereextrahydam。’
Ibid。473：’Villatadefendit，etc。versusRegempro10hydisetversusabbatempro11hydisetdimidia。’
ElyInqu。，CottonMSS。，Claudius，C。xi。38，b：’Plenaterraquefacit12acrasdeware。’
dicuntquodquandopredictusRobertusfueritmortuusquoddominushabebitmeliusanimalsuumproherietoetcarettamsuamferroligatam，omnespullossuos，omnesporculossuos，omnespannosSuoslaneos，omniavaSasuaargentea，aeneaetferrea。Etquodfiliussuuspostnatushabebitterramquampatersuustenuitetdabitproingressuhabendotantumquantumunusaliusextraneusetfacieteademseruilia(sic)queetpatersuusfecit，’RamseyCart。，i，372：’Eritdictaterrapostmortempatrisvelmatrisgersummatafiliojuniorivelpropinquioridesanguinesecundumconsuetudinemville。’
DuchyofLancaster，B。e62，N，750，m，2：’Siwarduscepitunamhidamcumdimidiavirgataterreetillamtenuitusqueadobitumuxorissue；posteavenitidemSiwardusetrogauitHugonemfratremsuumutauderetremanereinterrapatrissuiprenominati，quiafuitsineterra，EtidemHugosibiconcessit，saluoiuresuo，ItemSiwarduscepituxorem。dequahabuitRobertum，RadulfumetGunnildam。PostobitumdictiSiwardivenitRogerusquifuitfiliusHugonisetexigebatterramprenominatametperconsideracionemcuriefuitseisitusinpredictaterra，setquiauxordictiSiwardipauperfuit，consideratumsibifuituthaberetivacrasdepredictaterra，quantumsibicustodiret。PosteamaritatafuitetrevcrtebantpredicteacreterredictoRogeroutdejuresuopertinentesaddictamvirgatamterre，’CfQ。R。Misc，902/77，50。BlackBookofSt。Augustine’s，CottonMSS。，Faustina，A。i。
15，a：’InTanetosunt45sullung150acrereddentesgablumdenariorum。InfestoStiMartinividelicetdeunoquoquesullungredduntdeGabulo2solidos2denarios，summaquorumfacit25
libras105solidos10denariosobolum。Ipsiquitenentpredictossullungredduntinequinoctioautumpnaedeunoquoquesullungprohorsarer16den。etde150acris12den。Ipsiidemarantproanerertheinpurificacionedeunoquoquesullungunamacramet150
acris3virgatas。IpsiidemredduntinfestoStiJohannisdeunoquoquesullung2agnosseparabilesetde150acris1agnumetvalenciamdimidiiagni。lpsiidemredduntinnatalideunoquoquesullungunumferendelordei，’etc。
51。Ibid。60；SuolingadeOres：’HeredesSalomonisdeOrestenent8acras。HeredesWillelmideOrestenent12acras。Jacobustenet3acrasetdimidiamperchatam。ThomasfiliusG。deHorestenet2acras。RicardusetSalomonfiliusAugustini。etWillelmusfiliusRicarditenent2acrasetdimidiam，’etc。
Augment。Off。Misc。Books，N。57，f96，a：’JohannesBairotheredesHamoniDaniel，heredesJohannishugheleyn，heredesRobertiattemede，heredesWalterietWillelmiRametGilbertusleRometenentunumjugumetdimidiumdeCukulycumbe。’
DomesdayofStPaul’s，38sqq。Comp。RamseyCart。，i。413。
GloucesterCart。，iii。213：’RobertusAltegreue，WillelmusGodere，JohannesAbraham，IsabellarelictaLucaetenentUnamvirgatam，scilicetquilibeteorumunumquarteriumetfaciuntconjunctiminomnibussicutunusvirgatarius。’Comp。59，201。
HerefordCourtRolls(Bodleian)，3，b：’T。Hake，RicardusdePoluchulleetMurielfiliusGalfridipyonertenentunamdimidiamvirgatamterreconsuetudinarie。’
55。BurySt。Edmund’sCart。，CambridgeUniversity，G。g。iv。4。f35，a：’JohannesKnoptenetcotagiumetcontribuitherediquitenetmaiorempartemtenementorum。’
Inqu。postmort。55HenryIII，N。33：’Redditariiquivocanturself-oders。’
Euch。Q。R。Anc。Misc。CourtRolls，xxi。513/82：’Dicuntquodaliquishabensvirgatamterreetvendideritomnespartesexceptocapitatidomoetlocofocarii，tenenteslocumfocariieruntsectatorescurieetalterinon。Similiterdetenentibusdimidiamvirgatametcodsetlestoftes：sempertenenteslocumfocariicolligentfirmameteruntliberidepannagioetdealiistallagiisetalteritenentesparteseruntgeldabiles。’(CuriadeBrigstocktentadievenerisproximaantefestumSanctiAndreeApostolianno[r。r。Edw。xxvi])。
SeeHanauer，Lespaysansdel’AlsaceauMoyenAge。
DomesdayofSt。Paul’s，xv。7，。GloucesterCartulary，iii。
CartularyofChristChurch，Canterbury，Add。MSS。6759，f。21，b。
BattleCart。Augm。Off。Books，N。18，f7，a：’Aratrauertunturinterramdomini。’ElyInqu。，Claudius，C。xi。38b，86
b，etc。
ElyInqu，72b；comp。24，b。，GloucesterCart。，iii。183。
EynshamReg。，6，b：’RobertusTonytenetdedominounamvirgatamterreinbondagium。Idemsemelarabitcumvicinoadiuncto。’RamseyCart。，i。56。Comp。Q。R。Min。Acc。，Ble513，N。97：’Estimaturquodcommunitertrescustumariipossuntfacereunamcarucam(tenent20acras)。’
Rot。Hundr。，ii。461，b：’RobertusdeTonyhabetinvillenagioscil。ReginaldumToniquitenet5acras。Itemsiipsehabeatcumunovelcumduobussociisunamcarucam，arabitunamselionemterredomini。’Comp。462，a。Add。MSS。6159，f22，b：’W。J。tenetdedominoinvillenagiounummesuagiumet10
acrasterre。Etarabitcumcarucasuasivejungatsivenon4
acras。’
ElyInqu。，185，a：’。tenentdimidiumtenmanland，scilicet60acrasterre。Al。etM。eteorumparticipestenentunumtenmanland，scilicet120acrasterre。’Theexpressionmaybecorruptedfromtunmanland，orelseitmaybeamarkofabeginningofcultivationinDanishtimes。
68。Chapter-houseBooks，A。4/22，p。21：’Custumariitenent22
virgatasquasvocantwistas。’
AbingdonCart。，ii。304：’Indominiocameraesunt4hidaeUnocotsettelminus。’
GlastonburyInqu。，41：’Robertusblundustenetdimidiamvirgatameodemservicio。Hecterrasoletessedivisainduocotsetlanda，setintemporewerredeciderunt，eoexhisduabusterrisfactafuitdimidiavirgata。Siessetdivisautiliusessetdomino。
Exch。Q。R。Anc。Misc。，xxi。513/82(CuriadeBrigstock，FridayafterAnnunciation，27Edw。I)：’Illeduedimidierodeprati。pertinentadHakermannislond，etnemopotesthabereseysinanmpredictarumsinebreuiDominiRegis。’
83。GlastonburyInqu。，2：’Inmarisco110acrasterraeetquoddammolendinum，etoctodeneratasterraesecusmolendinum。’
84。Madox，Exch。，i。155，n。257：’DuodecimtamennummatasquasOrdurcustenuit。usquead10annosdebemustenere，singulisannisreddentesei12denariosadfestumStiMichaelis。’
RightsofCommonTheinfluenceofthevillagecommunityisespecially。
apparentinrespectofthatportionofthesoilwhichisusedforthesupportofcattle。Themanagementofmeadowsisveryinterestingbecauseitpresentsacloseanalogytothetreatmentofthearable，andatthesametimethecommunalfeaturesaremuchmoreclearlybroughtoutbyit。WemaytakeasaninstanceadescriptionintheEynshamSurvey。ThemeadowinShiffordisdividedintotwelvestrips，andthesearedistributedamongthelordandthetenantry，buttheyarenotapportionedtoanyoneforconstantownership。Oneyearthelordtakesallthestripsmarkedbyunevennumbers，andthenextyearhemovestothosedistinguishedbyevennumbers。(1*)Thetenantsdividetherestaccordingtosomesettledrotation。Veryoftenlotsaredrawntoindicatetheportionsoftheseveralhouseholds。(2*)Itmustbeaddedthattheprivaterightofthesingleoccupiersdoesnotextendoverthewholeyear：asinthecaseofthearableallinclosuresfallaftertheharvest，soinregardtomeadowstheseparateuse，andtheboundariesprotectingit，areupheldonlytillthemowingofthegrass：aftertheremovalofthehaythesoilrelapsesintotheconditionofundividedland。Thetimeofthe’defence’extendscommonlyto’Lammas-day’；hencetheexpression’Lammas-meadow’todesignatesuchland。Itishardlynecessarytoinsistonthegreatresemblancebetweenallthesefeaturesandthecorrespondingfactsinthearrangementofthearable。Theprincipleofdivisionissuppliedbythetendencytoassignanequalsharetoeveryholding，andthesystemofscatteredstripsfollowsasanecessaryconsequenceoftheprinciple。Theexistenceofthecommunityasahigherorganisingunitisshewnintherecurrenceofcommonuseafterthe’defence，’andinthefactthatthelordissubjectedtothecommonrotation，althoughheisallowedaprivilegedpositioninregardtoit。Theconnexioninwhichthewholeoftheserightsarisesismadeespeciallyclearbytheshiftingownershipofthestrips：privaterightappearsoncommunalground，butitisreducedtoaminimumasitwere，hasnotsettleddowntoconstantoccupation，andassumesitsdefiniteshapeundertheinfluenceoftheideaofequalapportionment。Ofcourse，bythesideofthesecommunalmeadowswefrequentlyfindothersthatwereownedinseveralty。
