第28章

类别:其他 作者:Henry David Thoreau字数:5950更新时间:18/12/27 09:08:02
Canusethishorse,goat,wolf,andev’rybeast,Andisnotasshimselftoalltherest! Elsemannotonlyistheherdofswine,Buthe’sthosedevilstoowhichdidinclineThemtoaheadlongrage,andmadethemworse。“ Allsensualityisone,thoughittakesmanyforms;allpurityisone。Itisthesamewhetheramaneat,ordrink,orcohabit,orsleepsensually。Theyarebutoneappetite,andweonlyneedtoseeapersondoanyoneofthesethingstoknowhowgreatasensualistheis。Theimpurecanneitherstandnorsitwithpurity。Whenthereptileisattackedatonemouthofhisburrow,heshowshimselfatanother。Ifyouwouldbechaste,youmustbetemperate。Whatischastity?Howshallamanknowifheischaste?Heshallnotknowit。Wehaveheardofthisvirtue,butweknownotwhatitis。Wespeakconformablytotherumorwhichwehaveheard。Fromexertioncomewisdomandpurity;fromslothignoranceandsensuality。Inthestudentsensualityisasluggishhabitofmind。Anuncleanpersonisuniversallyaslothfulone,onewhositsbyastove,whomthesunshinesonprostrate,whoreposeswithoutbeingfatigued。Ifyouwouldavoiduncleanness,andallthesins,workearnestly,thoughitbeatcleaningastable。Natureishardtobeovercome,butshemustbeovercome。WhatavailsitthatyouareChristian,ifyouarenotpurerthantheheathen,ifyoudenyyourselfnomore,ifyouarenotmorereligious?Iknowofmanysystemsofreligionesteemedheathenishwhosepreceptsfillthereaderwithshame,andprovokehimtonewendeavors,thoughitbetotheperformanceofritesmerely。 Ihesitatetosaythesethings,butitisnotbecauseofthesubject——Icarenothowobscenemywordsare——butbecauseI cannotspeakofthemwithoutbetrayingmyimpurity。Wediscoursefreelywithoutshameofoneformofsensuality,andaresilentaboutanother。Wearesodegradedthatwecannotspeaksimplyofthenecessaryfunctionsofhumannature。Inearlierages,insomecountries,everyfunctionwasreverentlyspokenofandregulatedbylaw。NothingwastootrivialfortheHindoolawgiver,howeveroffensiveitmaybetomoderntaste。Heteacheshowtoeat,drink,cohabit,voidexcrementandurine,andthelike,elevatingwhatismean,anddoesnotfalselyexcusehimselfbycallingthesethingstrifles。 Everymanisthebuilderofatemple,calledhisbody,tothegodheworships,afterastylepurelyhisown,norcanhegetoffbyhammeringmarbleinstead。Weareallsculptorsandpainters,andourmaterialisourownfleshandbloodandbones。Anynoblenessbeginsatoncetorefineaman’sfeatures,anymeannessorsensualitytoimbrutethem。 JohnFarmersatathisdooroneSeptemberevening,afterahardday’swork,hismindstillrunningonhislabormoreorless。 Havingbathed,hesatdowntore-createhisintellectualman。Itwasarathercoolevening,andsomeofhisneighborswereapprehendingafrost。Hehadnotattendedtothetrainofhisthoughtslongwhenheheardsomeoneplayingonaflute,andthatsoundharmonizedwithhismood。Stillhethoughtofhiswork;buttheburdenofhisthoughtwas,thatthoughthiskeptrunninginhishead,andhefoundhimselfplanningandcontrivingitagainsthiswill,yetitconcernedhimverylittle。Itwasnomorethanthescurfofhisskin,whichwasconstantlyshuffledoff。Butthenotesoftheflutecamehometohisearsoutofadifferentspherefromthatheworkedin,andsuggestedworkforcertainfacultieswhichslumberedinhim。Theygentlydidawaywiththestreet,andthevillage,andthestateinwhichhelived。Avoicesaidtohim—— Whydoyoustayhereandlivethismeanmoilinglife,whenagloriousexistenceispossibleforyou?Thosesamestarstwinkleoverotherfieldsthanthese——Buthowtocomeoutofthisconditionandactuallymigratethither?Allthathecouldthinkofwastopractisesomenewausterity,tolethisminddescendintohisbodyandredeemit,andtreathimselfwitheverincreasingrespect。 BruteNeighborsSometimesIhadacompanioninmyfishing,whocamethroughthevillagetomyhousefromtheothersideofthetown,andthecatchingofthedinnerwasasmuchasocialexerciseastheeatingofit。 Hermit。Iwonderwhattheworldisdoingnow。Ihavenotheardsomuchasalocustoverthesweet-fernthesethreehours。Thepigeonsareallasleepupontheirroosts——noflutterfromthem。 Wasthatafarmer’snoonhornwhichsoundedfrombeyondthewoodsjustnow?ThehandsarecomingintoboiledsaltbeefandciderandIndianbread。Whywillmenworrythemselvesso?Hethatdoesnoteatneednotwork。Iwonderhowmuchtheyhavereaped。WhowouldlivetherewhereabodycanneverthinkforthebarkingofBose? Andoh,thehousekeeping!tokeepbrightthedevil’sdoor-knobs,andscourhistubsthisbrightday!Betternotkeepahouse。Say,somehollowtree;andthenformorningcallsanddinner-parties!Onlyawoodpeckertapping。Oh,theyswarm;thesunistoowarmthere;theyareborntoofarintolifeforme。Ihavewaterfromthespring,andaloafofbrownbreadontheshelf——Hark!Iheararustlingoftheleaves。Isitsomeill-fedvillagehoundyieldingtotheinstinctofthechase?orthelostpigwhichissaidtobeinthesewoods,whosetracksIsawaftertherain?Itcomesonapace;mysumachsandsweetbrierstremble——Eh,Mr。Poet,isityou?Howdoyouliketheworldto-day? Poet。Seethoseclouds;howtheyhang!That’sthegreatestthingIhaveseento-day。There’snothinglikeitinoldpaintings,nothinglikeitinforeignlands——unlesswhenwewereoffthecoastofSpain。That’satrueMediterraneansky。Ithought,asI havemylivingtoget,andhavenoteatento-day,thatImightgoa-fishing。That’sthetrueindustryforpoets。ItistheonlytradeIhavelearned。Come,let’salong。 Hermit。Icannotresist。Mybrownbreadwillsoonbegone。I willgowithyougladlysoon,butIamjustconcludingaseriousmeditation。IthinkthatIamneartheendofit。Leavemealone,then,forawhile。Butthatwemaynotbedelayed,youshallbediggingthebaitmeanwhile。Anglewormsarerarelytobemetwithintheseparts,wherethesoilwasneverfattenedwithmanure;theraceisnearlyextinct。Thesportofdiggingthebaitisnearlyequaltothatofcatchingthefish,whenone’sappetiteisnottookeen;andthisyoumayhavealltoyourselftoday。Iwouldadviseyoutosetinthespadedownyonderamongtheground-nuts,whereyouseethejohnswortwaving。IthinkthatImaywarrantyouonewormtoeverythreesodsyouturnup,ifyoulookwellinamongtherootsofthegrass,asifyouwereweeding。Or,ifyouchoosetogofarther,itwillnotbeunwise,forIhavefoundtheincreaseoffairbaittobeverynearlyasthesquaresofthedistances。 Hermitalone。Letmesee;wherewasI?MethinksIwasnearlyinthisframeofmind;theworldlayaboutatthisangle。ShallI gotoheavenora-fishing?IfIshouldsoonbringthismeditationtoanend,wouldanothersosweetoccasionbelikelytooffer?I wasasnearbeingresolvedintotheessenceofthingsaseverIwasinmylife。Ifearmythoughtswillnotcomebacktome。Ifitwoulddoanygood,Iwouldwhistleforthem。Whentheymakeusanoffer,isitwisetosay,Wewillthinkofit?Mythoughtshaveleftnotrack,andIcannotfindthepathagain。WhatwasitthatI wasthinkingof?Itwasaveryhazyday。IwilljusttrythesethreesentencesofConfutsee;theymayfetchthatstateaboutagain。 Iknownotwhetheritwasthedumpsorabuddingecstasy。Mem。 Thereneverisbutoneopportunityofakind。 Poet。Hownow,Hermit,isittoosoon?Ihavegotjustthirteenwholeones,besideseveralwhichareimperfectorundersized;buttheywilldoforthesmallerfry;theydonotcoverupthehooksomuch。Thosevillagewormsarequitetoolarge;ashinermaymakeamealoffonewithoutfindingtheskewer。 Hermit。Well,then,let’sbeoff。ShallwetotheConcord? There’sgoodsportthereifthewaterbenottoohigh。 Whydopreciselytheseobjectswhichwebeholdmakeaworld? Whyhasmanjustthesespeciesofanimalsforhisneighbors;asifnothingbutamousecouldhavefilledthiscrevice?IsuspectthatPilpay&Co。haveputanimalstotheirbestuse,fortheyareallbeastsofburden,inasense,madetocarrysomeportionofourthoughts。 Themicewhichhauntedmyhousewerenotthecommonones,whicharesaidtohavebeenintroducedintothecountry,butawildnativekindnotfoundinthevillage。Isentonetoadistinguishednaturalist,anditinterestedhimmuch。WhenIwasbuilding,oneofthesehaditsnestunderneaththehouse,andbeforeIhadlaidthesecondfloor,andsweptouttheshavings,wouldcomeoutregularlyatlunchtimeandpickupthecrumbsatmyfeet。Itprobablyhadneverseenamanbefore;anditsoonbecamequitefamiliar,andwouldrunovermyshoesandupmyclothes。Itcouldreadilyascendthesidesoftheroombyshortimpulses,likeasquirrel,whichitresembledinitsmotions。Atlength,asIleanedwithmyelbowonthebenchoneday,itranupmyclothes,andalongmysleeve,androundandroundthepaperwhichheldmydinner,whileIkeptthelatterclose,anddodgedandplayedatbopeepwithit;andwhenatlastIheldstillapieceofcheesebetweenmythumbandfinger,itcameandnibbledit,sittinginmyhand,andafterwardcleaneditsfaceandpaws,likeafly,andwalkedaway。 Aphoebesoonbuiltinmyshed,andarobinforprotectioninapinewhichgrewagainstthehouse。InJunethepartridge(Tetraoumbellus),whichissoshyabird,ledherbroodpastmywindows,fromthewoodsinthereartothefrontofmyhouse,cluckingandcallingtothemlikeahen,andinallherbehaviorprovingherselfthehenofthewoods。Theyoungsuddenlydisperseonyourapproach,atasignalfromthemother,asifawhirlwindhadsweptthemaway,andtheysoexactlyresemblethedriedleavesandtwigsthatmanyatravelerhasplacedhisfootinthemidstofabrood,andheardthewhiroftheoldbirdassheflewoff,andheranxiouscallsandmewing,orseenhertrailherwingstoattracthisattention,withoutsuspectingtheirneighborhood。Theparentwillsometimesrollandspinroundbeforeyouinsuchadishabille,thatyoucannot,forafewmoments,detectwhatkindofcreatureitis。Theyoungsquatstillandflat,oftenrunningtheirheadsunderaleaf,andmindonlytheirmother’sdirectionsgivenfromadistance,norwillyourapproachmakethemrunagainandbetraythemselves。Youmayeventreadonthem,orhaveyoureyesonthemforaminute,withoutdiscoveringthem。Ihaveheldtheminmyopenhandatsuchatime,andstilltheironlycare,obedienttotheirmotherandtheirinstinct,wastosquattherewithoutfearortrembling。Soperfectisthisinstinct,thatonce,whenIhadlaidthemontheleavesagain,andoneaccidentallyfellonitsside,itwasfoundwiththerestinexactlythesamepositiontenminutesafterward。 Theyarenotcallowliketheyoungofmostbirds,butmoreperfectlydevelopedandprecociouseventhanchickens。Theremarkablyadultyetinnocentexpressionoftheiropenandsereneeyesisverymemorable。Allintelligenceseemsreflectedinthem。Theysuggestnotmerelythepurityofinfancy,butawisdomclarifiedbyexperience。Suchaneyewasnotbornwhenthebirdwas,butiscoevalwiththeskyitreflects。Thewoodsdonotyieldanothersuchagem。Thetravellerdoesnotoftenlookintosuchalimpidwell。Theignorantorrecklesssportsmanoftenshootstheparentatsuchatime,andleavestheseinnocentstofallapreytosomeprowlingbeastorbird,orgraduallyminglewiththedecayingleaveswhichtheysomuchresemble。Itissaidthatwhenhatchedbyahentheywilldirectlydisperseonsomealarm,andsoarelost,fortheyneverhearthemother’scallwhichgathersthemagain。Theseweremyhensandchickens。 Itisremarkablehowmanycreatureslivewildandfreethoughsecretinthewoods,andstillsustainthemselvesintheneighborhoodoftowns,suspectedbyhuntersonly。Howretiredtheottermanagestolivehere!Hegrowstobefourfeetlong,asbigasasmallboy,perhapswithoutanyhumanbeinggettingaglimpseofhim。Iformerlysawtheraccooninthewoodsbehindwheremyhouseisbuilt,andprobablystillheardtheirwhinneringatnight。 CommonlyIrestedanhourortwointheshadeatnoon,afterplanting,andatemylunch,andreadalittlebyaspringwhichwasthesourceofaswampandofabrook,oozingfromunderBrister’sHill,halfamilefrommyfield。Theapproachtothiswasthroughasuccessionofdescendinggrassyhollows,fullofyoungpitchpines,intoalargerwoodabouttheswamp。There,inaverysecludedandshadedspot,underaspreadingwhitepine,therewasyetaclean,firmswardtositon。Ihaddugoutthespringandmadeawellofcleargraywater,whereIcoulddipupapailfulwithoutroilingit,andthitherIwentforthispurposealmosteverydayinmidsummer,whenthepondwaswarmest。Thither,too,thewoodcockledherbrood,toprobethemudforworms,flyingbutafootabovethemdownthebank,whiletheyraninatroopbeneath;butatlast,spyingme,shewouldleaveheryoungandcircleroundandroundme,nearerandnearertillwithinfourorfivefeet,pretendingbrokenwingsandlegs,toattractmyattention,andgetoffheryoung,whowouldalreadyhavetakenuptheirmarch,withfaint,wirypeep,singlefilethroughtheswamp,asshedirected。OrIheardthepeepoftheyoungwhenIcouldnotseetheparentbird。Theretootheturtledovessatoverthespring,orflutteredfromboughtoboughofthesoftwhitepinesovermyhead;ortheredsquirrel,coursingdownthenearestbough,wasparticularlyfamiliarandinquisitive。Youonlyneedsitstilllongenoughinsomeattractivespotinthewoodsthatallitsinhabitantsmayexhibitthemselvestoyoubyturns。 Iwaswitnesstoeventsofalesspeacefulcharacter。OnedaywhenIwentouttomywood-pile,orrathermypileofstumps,I