第4章

类别:其他 作者:Morgan Callaway字数:24141更新时间:19/01/03 14:06:53
Notabreath’stimeforasking;aneye-glancerevealsallthetaleuntold。[61] TheyfollowmadHamishafarupthecragtowardthesea,Andtheladycries:\"Clansmen,runforafee!—— YoncastleandlandstothetwofirsthandsthatshallhookhimandholdFastHamishbackfromthebrink!\"——andevershefliesupthesteep,Andtheclansmenpant,andtheysweat,andtheyjostleandstrain。 But,mother,’tisvain;but,father,’tisvain; SternHamishstandsboldonthebrink,anddanglesthechildo’erthedeep。 Nowafaintnessfallsonthementhatrun,andtheyallstandstill。 AndthewifepraysHamishasifhewereGod,onherknees,Crying:\"Hamish!OHamish!butplease,butplease[71] Fortosparehim!\"andHamishstilldanglesthechild,withawaveringwill。 Onasuddenheturns;withasea-hawkscream,andagibe,andasong,Cries:\"So;Iwillspareyethechildif,insightofyeall,TenblowsonMaclean’sbarebackshallfall,Andyereckonnostrokeifthebloodfollownotatthebiteofthethong!\" ThenMacleanhesethardlyhistoothtohislipthathistoothwasred,Breathedshortforaspace,said:\"Nay,butitnevershallbe! Letmehurloffthedamnablehoundinthesea!\" Butthewife:\"CanHamishgofishusthechildfromthesea,ifdead? \"Sayyea!——LetthemlashME,Hamish?\"——\"Nay!\"—— \"Husband,thelashingwillheal;[81] But,oh,whowillhealmethebonnysweetbairninhisgrave? Couldyecurememyheartwiththedeathofaknave? Quick!Love!Iwillbarethee——so——kneel!\"ThenMaclean’ganslowlytokneelWithneveraword,tillpresentlydownwardhejerkedtotheearth。 Thenthehenchman——hethatsmoteHamish——wouldtrembleandlag; \"Strike,hard!\"quothHamish,fullstern,fromthecrag; Thenhestruckhim,and\"One!\"sangHamish,anddancedwiththechildinhismirth。 AndnomanspakebesideHamish;hecountedeachstrokewithasong。 Whenthelaststrokefell,thenhemovedhimapacedowntheheight,Andheheldforththechildintheheartachingsight[91] Ofthemother,andlookedallpitifulgrave,asrepentingawrong。 Andthereasthemotherlyarmsstretchedoutwiththethanksgivingprayer—— Andthereasthemothercreptupwithafearfulswiftpace,Tillherfingernighfeltofthebairnie’sface—— InaflashfierceHamishturnedroundandliftedthechildintheair,Andsprangwiththechildinhisarmsfromthehorribleheightinthesea,Shrillscreeching,\"Revenge!\"inthewind-rush;andpallidMaclean,Age-feeblewithangerandimpotentpain,Crawleduponthecrag,andlayflat,andlockedholdofdeadrootsofatree—— Andgazedhungrilyo’er,andthebloodfromhisbackdrip-drippedinthebrine,[101] Andasea-hawkflungdownaskeletonfishasheflew,Andthemotherstaredwhiteonthewasteofblue,Andthewinddroveacloudtoseaward,andthesunbegantoshine。 ____ Baltimore,1878。 Notes:TheRevengeofHamishForanappreciationofthisfinepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xlv,xlvii[PartIV],Mr。J。R。Tait,afriendwithwhomMr。Lanierdiscussed`TheRevengeofHamish’,kindlywritesmethattheauthortooktheplotfromWilliamBlack’snovel,`MacleodofDare’。 Inchapteriii。Macleod,ofCastleDare,Mull,tellsthestorytohisLondonentertainer;but,asthestoryofthenovelisidenticalwiththatofthepoem,itneednotbegivenhere。 Thenovel,Ishouldadd,givesthenameofthechieftainonly,though,asithasaHamishinanotherconnection,itdoubtlessgaveLanierthisnameforthehenchman。PrevioustothereceptionofMr。Tait’sletterIsupposedthatLanierhadborrowedhisplotfromapoembyCharlesMackay,`Maclaine’sChild,ALegendofLochbuy,Mull’,whichinplotisidenticalwithLanier’spoem,exceptthattheformerbeginswiththespeechofthefloggedhenchman,herenamedEvan,andendsbytellingusthatthebodieswerefoundandthatofEvanwashangedonagallows-tree。Thepoemistoolongforquotation,butmaybefoundinanyeditionofMackayorinGarrett’s`OneHundredChoiceSelections: NumberNine’(Phila。,1887)。 17。TheMacleans,forcenturiesoneofthemostpowerfulofScottishclans,havesincethefourteenthcenturylivedinMull,oneofthelargestoftheHebridesIslands。ThetwoleadingbranchesoftheclanweretheMacleansofDowartandtheMacleansofLochbuy,bothtakingtheirnamesfromtheseatsoftheircastles。TheLochbuyfamilynowspellsitsnameMacLAINE。ForadetailedhistoryoftheclanseeKeltie’s`HistoryoftheScottishHighlands,HighlandClans’,etc。 (London,1885)。InterestingbooksaboutMullandtheHebridesare: Johnson’s`AJourneytotheHebrides’andRobertBuchanan’s`TheHebridIsles’ (London,1883)。Instructive,too,isCummin’s`AroundMull’ (`TheAtlanticMonthly’,16。11-19,167-176,July,August,1865)。 TheMarshesofGlynnGloomsofthelive-oaks,beautiful-braidedandwoven[1] Withintricateshadesofthevinesthatmyriad-clovenClambertheforksofthemultiformboughs,—— Emeraldtwilights,—— Virginalshylights,Wroughtoftheleavestoalluretothewhisperofvows,WhenloverspacetimidlydownthroughthegreencolonnadesOfthedimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,Oftheheavenlywoodsandglades,Thatruntotheradiantmarginalsand-beachwithinThewidesea-marshesofGlynn;——[11] Beautifulglooms,softdusksinthenoon-dayfire,—— Wildwoodprivacies,closetsoflonedesire,Chamberfromchamberpartedwithwaveringarrasofleaves,—— Cellsforthepassionatepleasureofprayertothesoulthatgrieves,Purewithasenseofthepassingofsaintsthroughthewood,Coolforthedutifulweighingofillwithgood;—— Obraideddusksoftheoakandwovenshadesofthevine,Whiletheriotousnoon-daysunoftheJune-daylongdidshineYeheldmefastinyourheartandIheldyoufastinmine; Butnowwhenthenoonisnomore,andriotisrest,[21] Andthesunisa-waitattheponderousgateoftheWest,Andtheslantyellowbeamdownthewood-aisledothseemLikealaneintoheaventhatleadsfromadream,—— Ay,now,whenmysoulalldayhathdrunkenthesouloftheoak,Andmyheartisateasefrommen,andthewearisomesoundofthestrokeOfthescytheoftimeandthetroweloftradeislow,Andbeliefovermastersdoubt,andIknowthatIknow,Andmyspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,ThatthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynnWillworkmenofearlikethefeartheyhavewroughtmeofyore[31] Whenlengthwasfatigue,andwhenbreadthwasbutbitternesssore,AndwhenterrorandshrinkinganddrearyunnamablepainDrewovermeoutofthemercilessmilesoftheplain,—— Oh,now,unafraid,IamfaintofaceThevastsweetvisageofspace。 TotheedgeofthewoodIamdrawn,Iamdrawn,Wherethegraybeachglimmeringruns,asabeltofthedawn,ForameteandamarkTotheforest-dark:—— So:[41] Affablelive-oak,leaninglow,—— Thus——withyourfavor——soft,withareverenthand,(Notlightlytouchingyourperson,Lordoftheland!) Bendingyourbeautyaside,withastepIstandOnthefirm-packedsand,FreeByaworldofmarshthatbordersaworldofsea。 SinuoussouthwardandsinuousnorthwardtheshimmeringbandOfthesand-beachfastensthefringeofthemarshtothefoldsoftheland。 Inwardandoutwardtonorthwardandsouthwardthebeach-lineslingerandcurl[51] Asasilver-wroughtgarmentthatclingstoandfollowsthefirmsweetlimbsofagirl。 Vanishing,swerving,evermorecurvingagainintosight,Softlythesand-beachwaversawaytoadimgrayloopingoflight。 Andwhatifbehindmetowestwardthewallofthewoodsstandshigh? Theworldlieseast:howample,themarshandtheseaandthesky! Aleagueandaleagueofmarsh-grass,waist-high,broadintheblade,Green,andallofaheight,andunfleckedwithalightorashade,Stretchleisurelyoff,inapleasantplain,Totheterminalblueofthemain。 Oh,whatisabroadinthemarshandtheterminalsea?[61] SomehowmysoulseemssuddenlyfreeFromtheweighingoffateandthesaddiscussionofsin,BythelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynn。 Yemarshes,howcandidandsimpleandnothing-withholdingandfreeYepublishyourselvestotheskyandofferyourselvestothesea! Tolerantplains,thatsuffertheseaandtherainsandthesun,YespreadandspanlikethecatholicmanwhohathmightilywonGodoutofknowledgeandgoodoutofinfinitepainAndsightoutofblindnessandpurityoutofastain。 Asthemarsh-hensecretlybuildsonthewaterysod,[71] BeholdIwillbuildmeanestonthegreatnessofGod: IwillflyinthegreatnessofGodasthemarsh-henfliesInthefreedomthatfillsallthespace’twixtthemarshandtheskies: Bysomanyrootsasthemarsh-grasssendsinthesodIwillheartilylaymea-holdonthegreatnessofGod: Oh,liketothegreatnessofGodisthegreatnesswithinTherangeofthemarshes,theliberalmarshesofGlynn。 Andthesealendslarge,asthemarsh:lo,outofhisplentytheseaPoursfast:fullsoonthetimeoftheflood-tidemustbe: Lookhowthegraceoftheseadothgo[81] AboutandaboutthroughtheintricatechannelsthatflowHereandthere,Everywhere,Tillhiswatershavefloodedtheuttermostcreeksandthelow-lyinglanes,Andthemarshismeshedwithamillionveins,ThatlikeaswithrosyandsilveryessencesflowIntherose-and-silvereveningglow。 Farewell,mylordSun! Thecreeksoverflow:athousandrivuletsrun’Twixttherootsofthesod;thebladesofthemarsh-grassstir;[91] Passethahurryingsoundofwingsthatwestwardwhirr; Passeth,andallisstill;andthecurrentsceasetorun; Andtheseaandthemarshareone。 Howstilltheplainsofthewatersbe! Thetideisinhisecstasy。 Thetideisathishighestheight: Anditisnight。 AndnowfromtheVastoftheLordwillthewatersofsleepRollinonthesoulsofmen,Butwhowillrevealtoourwakingken[101] TheformsthatswimandtheshapesthatcreepUnderthewatersofsleep? AndIwouldIcouldknowwhatswimmethbelowwhenthetidecomesinOnthelengthandthebreadthofthemarvellousmarshesofGlynn。 ____ Baltimore,1878。 Notes:TheMarshesofGlynnAlthoughDr。Callawaynotedinhisprefacetheimportanceofthispoem,hedidnotincludeitforlackofspace。Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatwhenhepublishedthese\"SelectedPoems\"in1895,\"TheMarshesofGlynn\"hadnotyetachieveditslaterprominenceasthegreatestofSidneyLanier’spoems——asnowseemstobetheopinion。 ThesettingofthepoemisthesaltmarshessurroundingthecoastalcityofBrunswick,Georgia,whichisinGlynnCounty——anareawelldeservingofthefameLanierhasgivenit——anditwasintendedasoneinstallmentinaseriesof\"HymnsoftheMarshes\",ofwhichfourpoemswerecompleted。 Thetextistakenfromthe1916editionof\"PoemsofSidneyLanier\"。 WilliamHayesWardwroteofthispoem:\"HownaturallyhislargefaithinGodfindsexpressioninhis`MarshesofGlynn’。\" EdwinMims,inhisbiographyofSidneyLanier,concludesbyquotingthispoem。 Hewrites: \"Hisbestpoemsmovetothecadenceofatune……Sometimes,asinthe`MarshesofGlynn’andinthebestpartsof`Sunrise’,thereisacosmicrhythmthatislikeuntotherhythmicbeatingoftheheartofGod,ofwhichPoeandLanierhavewritteneloquently。\" Andlatercontinues: \"Indeed,ifonehadtorelyupononepoemtokeepalivethefameofLanier,hecouldsingleout`TheMarshesofGlynn’withassurancethatthereissomethingsoindividualandoriginalaboutit,andthat,atthesametime,thereissucharollandrangeofverseinit,thatitwillsurelylivenotonlyinAmericanpoetrybutinEnglish。 Heretheimaginationhastakentheplaceoffancy,theefforttodogreatthingsendsinvictory,andthemelodyofthepoemcorrespondstotheexaltedthought。Ithasallthestrongpointsof`Sunrise’,withbutfewofitslimitations。ThereissomethingofWhitman’svirileimaginationandEmerson’shighspiritualitycombinedwiththehauntingmelodyofPoe’sbestwork。Writtenin1878,whenLanierwasinthefullexerciseofallhispowers,itisthebestexpressionofhisgeniusandoneofthefewgreatAmericanpoems。 \"Thebackgroundofthepoem——asof`Sunrise’——istheforest,thecoastandthemarshesnearBrunswick,Georgia。EarlyinlifeLanierhadbeenthrilledbythiswonderfulnaturalscenery,andlatervisitshadthemorepowerfullyimpressedhisimagination。 HeisthepoetofthemarshesassurelyasBryantisoftheforests,orWordsworthofthemountains。 \"Thepoetrepresentshimselfashavingspentthedayintheforestandcomingatsunsetintofullviewofthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshes。Thegloomsofthelive-oaksandtheemeraldtwilightsofthe`dimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,’ havebeenasarefugefromtheriotousnoon-daysun。Morethanthat,inthewildwoodprivaciesandclosetsoflonedesirehehasknownthepassionatepleasureofprayerandthejoyofelevatedthought。 Hisspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,——heisreadyforwhatWordsworthcallsa`god-likehour’。\" Mr。CallawayalsotreatsthepoeminPartIIIofthe`Introduction’。 RemonstranceOpinion,letmealone:Iamnotthine。[1] PrimCreed,withcategoricpoint,forbearTofeaturememyLordbyruleandline。 ThoucanstnotmeasureMistressNature’shair,Notonesweetinch:nay,ifthysightissharp,Would’stcountthestringsuponanangel’sharp? Forbear,forbear。 OhletmelovemyLordmorefathomdeepThanthereislinetosoundwith:letmeloveMyfellownotasmenthatmandateskeep: Yea,allthat’slovable,below,above,[11] Thatletmelovebyheart,byheart,because(Freefromthepenalpressureofthelaws) Ifinditfair。 ThetearsIweepbydayandbitternight,Opinion!forthysolesaltvintagefall。 ——AsmornbymornIrisewithfreshdelight,Timethroughmycasementcheerilydothcall,\"Natureisnew,’tisbirthdayeveryday,Comefeastwithme,letnomansaymenay,Whate’erbefall。\"[21] SofareIforthtofeast:IsitbesideSomebrotherbright:but,eregood-morrow’spassed,BurlyOpinionwedginginhathcried,\"Thoushaltnotsitbyus,tobreakthyfast,SavetoourRubricthousubscribeandswear—— `Religionhathblueeyesandyellowhair’: She’sSaxon,all。\" Then,harda-hungeredformybrother’sgraceTillwell-nighfaintoswearhisfolly’strue,InsaddissentIturnmylongingface[31] Tohimthatsitsontheleft:\"Brother,——withyou?\" ——\"Nay,notwithme,savethousubscribeandswear`Religionhathblackeyesandravenhair’: Noughtelseistrue。\" DebarredofbanquetsthatmyheartcouldmakeWitheverymanoneverydayoflife,Ihomewardturn,myfiresofpaintoslakeIndeependearmentsofaworshipedwife。 \"Ilovetheewell,dearLove,\"quothshe,\"andyetWouldthatthycreedwithminecompletelymet,[41] Asone,nottwo。\" Assassin!Thief!Opinion,’tisthywork。 ByChurch,bythrone,byhearth,byeverygoodThat’sintheTownofTime,Iseetheelurk,Ande’ersomeshadowstayswherethouhaststood。 Thouhand’stsweetSocrateshishemlocksour; Thousav’stBarabbasinthathideoushour,Andstabb’stthegoodDelivererChrist;thourack’stthesoulsofmen; Thoutossestgirlstolionsandboystoflames;[51] Thouhew’stCrusaderdownbySaracen; Thoubuildestclosetsfullofsecretshames; Indifferentcruel,thoudostblowtheblazeRoundRidleyorServetus;allthydaysSmellscorched;Iwould——Thoubase-bornAccidentoftimeandplace—— BigotPretenderuntoJudgment’sthrone—— Bastard,thatclaimestwithacunningfaceThoserightsthetrue,trueSonofMandothownByLove’sauthority——thouRebelcold[61] Atheadofcivilwarsandquarrelsold—— ThouKnifeonathrone—— Iwouldthouleft’stmefree,tolivewithlove,Andfaith,thatthroughtheloveoflovedothfindMyLord’sdearpresenceinthestarsabove,Theclodsbelow,thefleshwithout,themindWithin,thebread,thetear,thesmile。 Opinion,damnedIntriguer,graywithguile,Letmealone。 ____ Baltimore,1878-9。 Notes:RemonstranceThisisthefirstandthegreatestofthe`Street-cries’: seetheintroductorynoteto`LifeandSong’。 Foraninterpretationofthepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xxix[PartIII],xlv,xlvii[PartIV]。 26,33。Amusingillustrationsofsuchintolerancemaybefoundin`Jack-knifeandBrambles’(Nashville,1893),byBishopAtticusG。Haygood,oftheMethodistChurch,South。Onebrother,wearetold(p。278),objectedtohearingBishopHaygoodin1859becauseofhiswearingabeard; whileanother(p。281),alonginthethirties,votedagainstlicensingBishopGeorgeF。Piercebecausehishairwas\"combedbackfromhisforehead\"! 46。ForanaccountofSocrates,theGreekphilosopher,poisonedin399B。C。,seeXenophon’s`Memorabilia’andPlato’sdialogues。 47。SeeSt。Matthew27:20。 54。FortheburningofNicholasRidley,anEnglishBishop,onOctober16,1555,seeGreen’s`ShorterHistoryofEngland’。 MichaelServetus,aSpanishscientificandtheologicalwriter,wasburnedasahereticatGeneva,October27,1553。 OppositionOffret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[1] Complainnomore;forthese,Oheart,DirecttherandomofthewillAsrhymesdirecttherageofart。 Thelute’sfixtfret,thatrunsathwartThestrainandpurposeofthestring,ForgovernanceandniceconsortDothbarhiswillfulwavering。 Thedarkhathmanydearavails; Thedarkdistilsdivinestdews; Thedarkisrichwithnightingales,[11] Withdreams,andwiththeheavenlyMuse。 Bleedingwiththornsofpettystrife,I’llease(asloversdo)mysmartWithsonnetstomyladyLifeWritredinissuesfromtheheart。 WhatgracemayliewithinthechillOffavorfrozenfastinscorn! WhenGood’sa-freeze,wecallitIll! ThisrosyTimeisglacier-born。 Offret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[21] Complainthounot,Oheart;fortheseBank-inthecurrentofthewillTouses,arts,andcharities。 ____ Baltimore,1879-80。 Notes:OppositionAsanintroductiontothispoemIquoteasentencefromDr。Gates’sexcellentessay:\"Aswelookatthecircumstancesofhislife,letuscarrywithusthestrainsofthispoem,whichinterpretstheuseofcrosses,interferences,andattemptedthwartingsofone’spurpose; fortheethicalvalueofLanier’slifeandwritingscanbefullyunderstoodonlybyrememberinghowmuchheovercameandhowheroicallyhepersistedinmanlyworkinhischosenartthroughyearsofsuchbrokenhealthaswouldhavedrivenmostmentotheinert,self-indulgentlifeofaninvalid。 Thesuperbpowerofwillwhichhedisplayedisalessonasvaluableasthenoblepoemswhichitillustratesandenforces。\" MarshSong——AtSunsetOverthemonstrousshamblingsea,[1] OvertheCalibansea,BrightAriel-cloud,thoulingerest: Ohwait,ohwait,inthewarmredWest,—— ThyProsperoI’llbe。 Overthehumpedandfishysea,OvertheCalibansea,OcloudintheWest,likeathoughtintheheartOfpardon,loosethywing,andstart,Anddoagraceforme。 Overthehugeandhuddlingsea,[11] OvertheCalibansea,BringhithermybrotherAntonio,——Man,—— Myinjurer:nightbreakstheban; Brother,Ipardonthee。 ____ Baltimore,1879-80。 Notes:MarshSong——AtSunsetAtthefirstreading,nodoubt,thissongappearsindistinct,thoughpoetical。 Onasecondreading,however,withShakespeare’s`Tempest’freshinmind,itseems,asitis,highlyartistic;andwewonderatthehappyusemadeoftheShakespeareancharacters:thegracious,forgivingProspero,therightfulDukeofMilan;Antonio,hisusurpingbrother,forgivennotwithstanding;Caliban,thesavage,deformed,fish-likeslave; andAriel,theministeringspiritoftheair。 With`AtSunset’compareLanier’s`EveningSong’,anotherandamoreagreeablesunsetpicture。 ABalladofTreesandtheMasterIntothewoodsmyMasterwent,[1] Cleanforspent,forspent。 IntothewoodsmyMastercame,Forspentwithloveandshame。 ButtheolivestheywerenotblindtoHim,ThelittlegrayleaveswerekindtoHim: Thethorn-treehadamindtoHimWhenintothewoodsHecame。 OutofthewoodsmyMasterwent,AndHewaswellcontent。 OutofthewoodsmyMastercame,[11] Contentwithdeathandshame。 WhenDeathandShamewouldwooHimlast,FromunderthetreestheydrewHimlast: ’TwasonatreetheyslewHim——lastWhenoutofthewoodsHecame。 ____ Baltimore,November,1880。 Notes:ABalladofTreesandtheMasterInthe`Introduction’(p。xxxiff。[PartIII])IhavetriedtoshowtheintensityandthebreadthofLanier’sloveofnatureingeneral。 PresidentGatesgivesaseparatesectiontoLanier’sloveoftreesandplant-life;and,afterquotingsomelinesonthesoothingandinspiringcompanionshipoftrees,thusspeaksofourBallad:\"Thisministrationoftreestoamindandheart`forspentwithshameandgrief’findsitsculminationinthepatheticlinesuponthatolive-gardennearJerusalem,whichtothoseofuswhohavesatwithinitsshademustalwaysseemthemostsacredspotonearth。 Thealmostmysticexaltationofthepowerofpoeticsympathywhichinspiredtheseintenselines,`IntotheWoodsmyMasterwent’,mayimpairtheirreligiouseffectformanydevoutsouls。 Buttomanyothersthisshortpoemwillexpressmostwonderfullythatessentialhuman-heartednessintheSonofMan,ourDivineSaviour,whichmadeHimonewithusinHisneedofthequiet,sympatheticministrationsofnature——perhapstheheartofthereasonwhythisolive-grovewas`theplacewhereHewaswonttogo’forprayer。\" SeeSt。Luke22:39。 ForLanier’sotherpoemsonChristsee`Introduction’,p。xxxviif。[PartIII]。 SunriseInmysleepIwasfainoftheirfellowship,fain[1] Ofthelive-oak,themarsh,andthemain。 Thelittlegreenleaveswouldnotletmealoneinmysleep; Up-breathedfromthemarshes,amessageofrangeandofsweep,Interwovenwithwafturesofwildsea-liberties,drifting,Camethroughthelappedleavessifting,sifting,Cametothegatesofsleep。 Thenmythoughts,inthedarkofthedungeon-keepOftheCastleofCaptiveshidintheCityofSleep,Upstarted,bytwosandbythreesassembling: Thegatesofsleepfella-trembling[11] Likeasthelipsofaladythatforthfalter\"yes\",Shakenwithhappiness: Thegatesofsleepstoodwide。 Ihavewaked,Ihavecome,mybeloved!Imightnotabide: Ihavecomeerethedawn,Obeloved,mylive-oaks,tohideInyourgospellingglooms,——tobeAsaloverinheaven,themarshmymarshandtheseamysea。 Tellme,sweetburly-bark’d,man-bodiedTreeThatminearmsinthedarkareembracing,dostknowFromwhatfountarethesetearsatthyfeetwhichflow?[21] Theyrisenotfromreason,butdeeperinconsequentdeeps。 Reason’snotonethatweeps。 WhatlogicofgreetingliesBetwixtdearover-beautifultreesandtherainoftheeyes? Ocunninggreenleaves,littlemasters!likeasyeglossAllthedull-tissueddarkwithyourluminousdarksthatembossThevagueblacknessofnightintopatternandplan,So,(ButwouldIcouldknow,butwouldIcouldknow,) Withyourquestionembroid’ringthedarkofthequestionofman,——[31] So,withyoursilencespurflingthissilenceofmanWhilehiscrytothedeadforsomeknowledgeisundertheban,Undertheban,—— So,yehavewroughtmeDesignsonthenightofourknowledge,——yea,yehavetaughtme,So,Thathaplyweknowsomewhatmorethanweknow。 Yelispers,whisperers,singersinstorms,Yeconsciencesmurmuringfaithsunderforms,Yeministersmeetforeachpassionthatgrieves,[41] Friendly,sisterly,sweetheartleaves,Oh,rainmedownfromyourdarksthatcontainmeWisdomsyewinnowfromwindsthatpainme,—— Siftdowntremorsofsweet-within-sweetThatadvisemeofmorethantheybring,——repeatMethewoods-smellthatswiftlybutnowbroughtbreathFromtheheaven-sidebankoftheriverofdeath,—— Teachmethetermsofsilence,——preachmeThepassionofpatience,——siftme,——impeachme,—— Andthere,ohthere[51] Asyehangwithyourmyriadpalmsupturnedintheair,Praymeamyriadprayer。 Mygossip,theowl,——isitthouThatoutoftheleavesofthelow-hangingbough,AsIpasstothebeach,artstirred? Dumbwoods,haveyeutteredabird?…… ReverendMarsh,low-couchedalongthesea,Oldchemist,raptinalchemy,Distillingsilence,——lo,Thatwhichourfather-agehaddiedtoknow——[61] Themenstruumthatdissolvesallmatter——thouHastfoundit:forthissilence,fillingnowTheglobedclarityofreceivingspace,Thissolvesusall:man,matter,doubt,disgrace,Death,love,sin,sanity,Mustinyonsilenceclearsolutionlie。 Tooclear!Thatcrystalnothingwho’llperuse? Theblackestnightcouldbringusbrighternews。 YetpreciousqualitiesofsilencehauntRoundthesevastmargins,ministrant。[71] Oh,ifthysoul’satlattergaspforspace,WithtryingtobreathenobiggerthanthyraceJusttobefellow’d,whenthatthouhastfoundNomanwithroom,orgraceenoughofboundToentertainthatNewthoutell’st,thouart,—— ’Tishere,’tisherethoucanstunhandthyheartAndbreatheitfree,andbreatheitfree,Byrangymarsh,inlonesea-liberty。 Thetide’satfull:themarshwithfloodedstreamsGlimmers,alimpidlabyrinthofdreams。[81] EachwindingcreekingraveentrancementliesArhapsodyofmorning-stars。TheskiesShinescantwithoneforkedgalaxy,—— Themarshbragsten:loopedonhisbreasttheylie。 Oh,whatifasoundshouldbemade! Oh,whatifaboundshouldbelaidTothisbow-and-stringtensionofbeautyandsilencea-spring,—— Tothebendofbeautythebow,ortheholdofsilencethestring! Ifearme,IfearmeyondomeofdiaphanousgleamWillbreakasabubbleo’er-blowninadream,——[91] Yondomeoftoo-tenuoustissuesofspaceandofnight,Over-weightedwithstars,over-freightedwithlight,Over-satedwithbeautyandsilence,willseemButabubblethatbrokeinadream,Ifaboundofdegreetothisgracebelaid,Orasoundoramotionmade。 Butno:itismade:list!somewhere,——mystery,where? Intheleaves?intheair? Inmyheart?isamotionmade: ’Tisamotionofdawn,likeaflickerofshadeonshade。[101] Intheleaves’tispalpable:lowmultitudinousstirringUpwindsthroughthewoods;thelittleones,softlyconferring,Havesettledmylord’stobelookedfor;so;theyarestill; Buttheairandmyheartandtheeartharea-thrill,—— Andlookwherethewildducksailsroundthebendoftheriver,—— AndlookwhereapassionateshiverExpectantisbendingthebladesOfthemarsh-grassinserialshimmersandshades,—— Andinvisiblewings,fastfleeting,fastfleeting,Arebeating[111] Thedarkoverheadasmyheartbeats,——andsteadyandfreeIstheebb-tideflowingfrommarshtosea—— (Runhome,littlestreams,Withyourlapfulsofstarsanddreams),—— Andasailorunseenishoistinga-peak,Forlist,downtheinshorecurveofthecreekHowmerrilyfluttersthesail,—— Andlo,intheEast!WilltheEastunveil? TheEastisunveiled,theEasthathconfessedAflush:’tisdead;’tisalive:’tisdead,eretheWest[121] Wasawareofit:nay,’tisabiding,’tisunwithdrawn: Haveacare,sweetHeaven!’TisDawn。 Nowadreamofaflamethroughthatdreamofaflushisuprolled: Tothezenithascending,adomeofundazzlinggoldIsbuilded,inshapeasabee-hive,fromoutofthesea: Thehiveisofgoldundazzling,butoh,theBee,Thestar-fedBee,thebuild-fireBee,OfdazzlinggoldisthegreatSun-BeeThatshallflashfromthehive-holeoverthesea。 Yetnowthedew-drop,nowthemorninggray,[131] ShalllivetheirlittlelucidsoberdayErewiththesuntheirsoulsexhaleaway。 NowineachpettiestpersonalsphereofdewThesumm’dmornshinescompleteasintheblueBigdew-dropofallheaven:withtheselitshrinesO’er-silveredtothefarthestsea-confines,ThesacramentalmarshonepiousplainOfworshiplies。Peacetotheante-reignOfMaryMorning,blissfulmothermild,Mindedofnoughtbutpeace,andofachild。[141] NotslowerthanMajestymoves,forameanandameasureOfmotion,——notfasterthandatelessOlympianleisureMightpacewithunblownamplegarmentsfrompleasuretopleasure,—— Thewave-serratesea-rimsinksunjarring,unreeling,Foreverrevealing,revealing,revealing,Edgewise,bladewise,halfwise,wholewise,——’tisdone! Good-morrow,lordSun! Withseveralvoice,withascriptionone,ThewoodsandthemarshandtheseaandmysoulUntothee,whencetheglitteringstreamofallmorrowsdothroll,[151] Crygoodandpast-goodandmostheavenlymorrow,lordSun。 OArtisanborninthepurple,——WorkmanHeat,—— ParterofpassionateatomsthattravailtomeetAndbemixedinthedeath-coldoneness,——innermostGuestAtthemarriageofelements,——fellowofpublicans,——blestKingintheblouseofflame,thatloiteresto’erTheidleskiesyetlaborestfastevermore,—— Thou,inthefineforge-thunder,thou,inthebeatOftheheartofaman,thouMotive,——LaborerHeat: Yea,Artist,thou,ofwhoseartyonsea’sallnews,[161] Withhisinshoregreensandmanifoldmid-seablues,Pearl-glint,shell-tint,ancientestperfectesthuesEvershamingthemaidens,——lilyandroseConfessthee,andeachmildflamethatglowsIntheclarifiedvirginalbosomsofstonesthatshine,Itisthine,itisthine: Thouchemistofstorms,whetherdrivingthewindsa-swirlOra-flickerthesubtileressencespolarthatwhirlInthemagnetearth,——yea,thouwithastormforaheart,Rentwithdebate,many-spottedwithquestion,part[171] Frompartoftsundered,yeteveraglobedlight,Yetevertheartist,evermorelargeandbrightThantheeyeofamanmayavailof:——manifoldOne,Imustpassfromthyface,ImustpassfromthefaceoftheSun: OldWantisawakeandagog,everywrinklea-frown; Theworkermustpasstohisworkintheterribletown: ButIfearnot,nay,andIfearnotthethingtobedone; IamstrongwiththestrengthofmylordtheSun: Howdark,howdarksoevertheracethatmustneedsberun,IamlitwiththeSun。[181] Oh,neverthemast-highrunoftheseasOftrafficshallhidethee,Neverthehell-coloredsmokeofthefactoriesHidethee,Neverthereekofthetime’sfen-politicsHidethee,Andevermyheartthroughthenightshallwithknowledgeabidethee,Andeverbydayshallmyspirit,asonethathathtriedthee,Labor,atleisure,inart,——tillyonderbesidetheeMysoulshallfloat,friendSun,[191] Thedaybeingdone。 ____ Baltimore,December,1880。 Notes:SunriseInthewordsofMrs。Lanier,\"`Sunrise’,Mr。Lanier’slatestcompletedpoem,waswrittenwhilehissunoflifeseemedfairlyatthesetting,andthehandwhichfirstpencilleditslineshadnotstrengthtocarrynourishmenttothelips。\"See`Introduction’,p。xviii[PartI]。 Lanierhastwootherpoemsonthesametheme,bothshort: `ASunriseSong’and`BetweenDawnandSunrise’(enteredunder`MarshHymns’)。 Asalreadypointedout(`Introduction’,pp。xxxi[PartIII],xlvii[PartIV]),`Sunrise’showsinapowerfulwaythedelicacyandthecomprehensivenessofLanier’slovefornature。True,asIhaveelsewherestated(`Introduction’,p。xlvi[PartIV]),thepoemhassomeseriouslimitations,moreIthinkthanhas`TheMarshesofGlynn’;but,despiteitsshortcomings,`Sunrise’isfromanabsolutestand-pointagreatpoem; while,ifweconsiderthecircumstancesunderwhichitwasproduced,itis,inthewordsofProfessorKent,\"aworld-marvel\"。 AsidefromthenumerousunapproachablesnatchesinShakespeare,* IknowofnothingonthesubjectinEnglishliteraturecomparableto`Sunrise’。Mr。W。W。Story’s`Sunrise’isperhapstheclosestparallel,andyetitisfarinferiortoLanier’s,aseveryreaderofthetwowilladmit。Ifonewishestomakefurthercomparisons,hemayfindsunrisepoemsinthefollowingauthors: Blake,Cowper,Emerson,Hood,Keats,Longfellow,Southey,Thompson,Willis,etc。Imayaddthataninteresting,thoughsuperficialarticleon`ThePoetryofSunriseandSunset’maybefoundin`Chambers’sEdinburghJournal’,22,234,October7,1854。 —— *AmongothersImaycitethefollowingpassages: \"Hark!hark!thelarkatheaven’sgatesings,\" in`Cymbeline’,2,3; \"ButlookthemorninrussetmantlecladWalkso’erthedewofyonhigheasternhill,\" in`Hamlet’,1,1; \"Night’scandlesareburntout,andjocunddayStandstiptoeonthemistymountain-tops,\" in`RomeoandJuliet’,3,5;and\"FullmanyagloriousmorninghaveIseen\"etc。,`Sonnetxxxiii’。 —— 3,13-14。See`Introduction’,p。xxxii[PartIII],andcomparel。26。 39-53。See`Introduction’,p。xxxiii[PartIII]。 42。IhadmadethecomparisonbetweenLanierandSt。FrancisbeforereadingDr。Gates’sessayonLanier,andwasdelightedtofindmyjudgmentconfirmedbysocompetentacritic。Dr。Gatesisquiteemphatic: \"SinceSt。Francis,nosoulhasseemedsoheavilyoverchargedwiththisfeelingofbrotherhoodforallcreatedthings。\" `TheCanticleoftheSun’,otherwiseknownas`TheSongoftheCreatures’,maybefoundinmetricalforminMrs。Oliphant’slifeofSt。Francis(NewYork,1870)andinproseinSabatier’s(Scribners,NewYork,1894)。 54。Lanierhasan`OwlagainstRobin’。 57。See`Introduction’,p。xli[PartIV]。 80-85。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。 86-152。See`Introduction’,p。xlvii[PartIV]。Mr。F。F。Brownesaysthatinlyricsweetnessll。86-97recallthebestofKeatsandShelley。 114-115。See`Introduction’,p。xliv[PartIV]。 127。Lanierhasapoementitled`TheBee’。 134-136。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。 181。CompareMrs。Easter’stribute,`LitwiththeSun’。 189-192。See`Introduction’,p。xxi[PartI],andcompareCowdin’stribute,`HopesetandSunrise’,andtheclosingstanzaofHamlinGarland’s: \"Whileheart’sbloodebbedateverybreathHepassedlife’shead-landbleakanddun,FlewthroughthewesterngateofDeathAndtookhisplacebesidethesun。\" BibliographyI。CollectedProseWorksTiger-lilies:ANovel。16mo,pp。v,252。Hurd&Houghton,NewYork,1867。 Outofprint。 Florida:ItsScenery,Climate,andHistory。12mo,pp。336。 J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1876。 TheBoy’sFroissart。BeingSirJohnFroissart’sChroniclesofAdventure,Battle,andCustominEngland,France,Spain,etc。EditedforBoys。 Crown8vo,pp。xxviii,422。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1878。 TheScienceofEnglishVerse。Crown8vo,pp。xv,315。 CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。 TheBoy’sKingArthur。BeingSirThomasMalory’sHistoryofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xlviii,404。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。 TheBoy’sMabinogion。BeingtheEarliestWelshTalesofKingArthurinthefamousRedBookofHergest。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxiv,378。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1881。 TheBoy’sPercy。BeingOldBalladsofWar,Adventure,andLove,fromBishopThomasPercy’sReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry。 EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxxii,442。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1882。 TheEnglishNovelandthePrinciplesofitsDevelopment。Crown8vo,pp。293。 CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1883。 II。CollectedPoeticalWorksPoems。Pp。94。J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1877。 Contained`ToCharlotteCushman’(dedication),`Corn’,`TheSymphony’,`ThePsalmoftheWest’,`InAbsence’,`Acknowledgment’,`Betrayal’,`SpecialPleading’,`ToCharlotteCushman’,`Rose-morals’,`To————withaRose’。 PoemsofSidneyLanier,EditedbyhisWife,withaMemorialbyWilliamHayesWard。NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,1884,252pp。,12mo。 III。UncollectedProsePiecesThreeWaterfalls:`Scott’sMagazine’(Atlanta,Ga。),August,September,1867。 AddressbeforetheFurlowMasonicFemaleCollege(Ga。),June30,1869: `Catalogue’oftheCollegefor1869。 ConfederateMemorialAddressatMacon,Ga。,April26,1870: `MaconDailyTelegraph’ofApril27,1870,andreprintedinsameforApril27,1887。 RetrospectsandProspects:`SouthernMagazine’(Baltimore)8。283-290,446-456,March,April,1871。 Nature-Metaphors:`SouthernMagazine’10。172-182,February,1872。 SanAntoniodeBexar:`SouthernMagazine’13。83-99,138-152,July,August,1873。 Peace:`SouthernMagazine’15。406-410,October,1874。 ReviewofHayne’sPoems:`SouthernMagazine’,1874。 TheOcklawahainMay:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Philadelphia)16。403-413,October,1875。 St。AugustineinApril:`Lippincott’sMagazine’16。537-550,November,1875。 SketchesofIndia,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’17。37-51,172-183,283-301,409-427,January-April,1876。 DefenceofCentennialCantata:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。 MusicalFestivalinBaltimore:`TheSun’(Baltimore),May28,29,30,1878。 CriticismofRubinstein’sOceanSymphony:`TheSun’(Baltimore),January31,1880。 TheStoryofaProverb:`Lippincott’sMagazine’23。109-113,January,1879。 LettertoMr。J。F。D。Lanier,abankerofNewYork,givinganaccountoftheLaniersinEuropeandoftheircomingtoAmerica: privatelyprinted,Baltimore,April2,1879,pp。17。 AFairyTaleforGrownPeople:`St。NicholasMagazine’,1879。 TheOrchestraofTo-day:`Scribner’sMonthly’(NewYork)19。897-904,April,1880。 TheNewSouth:`Scribner’sMonthly’20。840-851。October,1880。 Bob:`TheIndependent’(NewYork)34。1-3,August3,1882。 MoralPurposeinArt:`TheCenturyMagazine’(NewYork)4。131-137,May,1883。 TwoLetterstoBayardTaylor:Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’(Boston,1884),vol。ii。,677,693-94。 TheLegendofSt。Leonor,aFragmentfromanUnfinishedLectureon\"TheRelationsofPoetryandScience\":`TheIndependent’37。1627,December17,1885。 TheHappySoul’sAddresstotheDeadBody,fromShakespeareCourseofLectures:`TheIndependent’,1886。 AGreatManWanted,ExtractfromLetterofNovember15,1874,toJudgeL。E。Bleckley,ofGeorgia:`TheAcorn’(Towson,Md。),June,1887; reprintedin`TheCritic’(NewYork)7。309,June18,1887。 FromBacontoBeethoven,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’ 41。643-655,May,1888。 ChaucerandShakespeare:`TheIndependent’43。1337-1338,1371-1372,September10and17,1891。 ChaucerandShakespeareCompared:`TheIndependent’43。1401-1402,September24,1891。 WhatIKnowaboutFlowers,aS。S。addressdeliveredabout1868,butfirstpublishedin`TheSunday-schoolTimes’(Philadelphia)33。739,November21,1891。 HowtoReadChaucer:`TheIndependent’43。1748,November26,1891。 Blood-redFlowerofWar,anextractfrom`Tiger-lilies’(pp。115-121): `TheSundayNews’(Baltimore),November27,1892。 LetterstoMr。andMrs。GibsonPeacock,fromJanuary26,1875,toJune1,1880,editedbyWm。R。Thayer:`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston) 74。14-28,181-193,July,August,1894。 IV。UncollectedPoemsLaughterintheSenate:`TheRoundTable’(NewYork),1868。 CivilRights:`TheHerald’(Atlanta,Ga。),1874。 SongsAgainstDeath(fivestanzas,thelastfragmentary): `TheCenturyMagazine’10。377,July,1886。 OneinTwo:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。 TwoinOne:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。 To\"TheWhiteFlower\"ofTheEnglishNovel,writtenin1878,butprintedin1890byL。Prang(Boston)onanillustratedChristmasCard。 OntheReceiptofaJarofMarmalade,writtenforMrs。C。N。Hawkinsin1877,butprintedinherhusband’spaper,`TheNewCastle(Va。)Record’,April11,1891。 TheLord’sRomanceofTime,anOutline:`Sunday-schoolTimes’ (Philadelphia),1892。 ToLucie,writtenonSt。Valentine’sDay,1880,publishedin`FromDixie’,Richmond,Va。,1893。 V。PoemsinAnthologiesBlackman,O。:see`Lawrence,W。M。’ Hutchinson,EllenM。:see`Stedman,E。C。’ Lawrence(W。M。)andBlackman(O。):`TheRiversideSongBook’(Boston,1893) has`BabyCharley’(p。91)and`MaytheMaiden’(p。97),bothsettomusic。 Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’(NewYork,1894) has`LifeandSong’,`Nirvana’,`BalladofTreesandtheMaster’,and`Sunrise’。 Roberts,C。G。D。:`PoemsofWildLife’(London,1888) has`TheRevengeofHamish’(pp。57-62)。 Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’(NewYork,1891) gives(pp。131-145)`Sunrise’,`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’,anextractfrom`TheSymphony’,and`TheCrystal’。 Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`ALibraryofAmericanLiterature’ (NewYork,1891)gives(vol。x。,pp。145-151)`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`TheMocking-bird’,`TheRevengeofHamish’,`NightandDay’,andaportrait。 VI。Criticisms*ofLanier’sLifeandWorks*Unlessthetitleofthecriticismisgiven,thearticletreatsLanier’slifeandworksingeneral。Exceptinspecialcasesnoaccountismadeofarticlesinthedailypapers。——Forbrevity’ssakeIciteunderthisheadthemusiccomposedforseveralofLanier’spoems。 AmericanYouth(Chicago):3。102。 Appleton’sAnnualCyclopaedia(NewYork):1881,p。685:`Obituary’。 Black,G。D。:`TheAntiochian’(YellowSprings,O。)2:4。4-6,February,1886。 Black,G。D。:`Belford’sMagazine’(Chicago)6。187-190,January,1891。 Blackman,O。:see`Lawrence’under`V’。 Boykin,LauretteN。:`HomeLifeofSidneyLanier’,Atlanta,Ga。,1889,12pp。 Browne,F。F。:`TheDial’(Chicago)5。244-246,January,1885。 Browne,Wm。H。:`MemorialAddress’beforetheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,October22,1881,8pp。Privatelyprinted。 Browne,Wm。H。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ ofOctober19,1890。 Browne,Wm。H。:`FromDixie’(Richmond,Va。,1893),pp。40-51。 Buck,Dudley:MusictoLanier’s`CentennialCantata’。 NewYork:G。Schirmer,1876。 Buck,Dudley:`Sunset’,musictoLanier’s`EveningSong’。 NewYork:G。Schirmer,1877。 Buckham,J。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)19。56-57,February18,1888。 Burton,R。E。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`TheCritic’(NewYork),9。63-64,February11,1888; alsoinGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’,pp。47-50。 Burton,RichardE。:`LanierBibliography’,inGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),pp。51-56。 Calvert,G。H。:`TheGoldenAge’,June12,1875。 Carmichael,Mary:`AMaySong’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’。 London:Stanley,Lucas,Weber&Co。,1889。 CenturyMagazine(NewYork):1。475,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’。 Chamberlain,D。H。:`TheNewEnglander’(NewHaven,Conn。)44。227-238,March,1885。 Coleman,C。W。,Jr。:`HomesofSomeSouthernAuthorsIV。’,`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)8。343-344。 Critic,The(NewYork):3。3-4,January3,1885:`Poems’; 9。97,February28,1888:`ProfessorJ。H。Gilmore’sLectureonLanier’; 9。224,May5,1888;9。245,May19,1888;15。130,March7,1891; 16。197,October17,1891:`Poems’(ed。of1891);20。95,August5,1893: `ProfessorW。D。McClintock’sLectureonLanier’。 Cummings,MissM。A。:`CatholicMirror’(Baltimore),May7,1892。 Dewey,T。E。:`AddressbeforetheKansasAcademyofLanguageandLiterature’,atBakerUniversity,Baldwin,April7,1892,34pp。 Dial,The(Chicago):2。182-3,December,1881:`Boy’sMabinogion’; 3。176,December,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;4。40,June,1883。 Fiske,John:see`Wilson,J。G。’ Gates,M。E。:`SidneyLanier’sMoralEarnestness’,`TheCritic’3。227,May9,1885,asquotedfromtheRutgersCollege`Targum’。 Gates,M。E。:`PresbyterianReview’(NewYork),8。669-701,October,1887; alsoinpamphletform;summarizedinSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’ (pp。635-644)。 Gates,M。E。:`OntheEthicalInfluenceofLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。31-36。 Gilder,R。W。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。27-29。 Gilman,D。C。:`OurContinent’(Chicago),February,1882。 Gilman,D。C。(ed。):`AMemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),52pp。 Gilman,D。C。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Gosse,Edmund:`QuestionsatIssue’,London,1893,pp。78-81。 Hankins,V。W。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。),2。760-61,May,1887。 Harper’sMagazine(NewYork):54。617,March,1877:`Poems’(1877ed。); 60。474,February,1880:`Boy’sFroissart’;61。796-97,October,1880: `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;62。315,January,1881:`Boy’sKingArthur’; 64。316,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’;66。316,January,1883: `Boy’sPercy’;67。798-99,October,1883:`TheEnglishNovel’。 Harris,JoelChandler:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ ofSeptember12,1881。 Harris,J。C。:`LetteratUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Hawthorne(J。)andLemmon(L。):`AmericanLiterature’,Boston,1893,pp。276-77。 Hayne,PaulH。:`APoet’sLetterstoaFriend’,`TheCritic’5。77-78,89-90,February13,20,1886。 Higginson,T。W。:`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)7。416-418,April,1887。 Higginson,T。W。:`WomenandMen’,Boston,1888,chap。58。 Hill,Mrs。K。:`Marie’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’,Riga,P。Neldner,1891。 Hill,W。B。:`AddressinPresentingBustofthePoettoCityofMacon,Ga。’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Hubner,Chas。W。:`TheAmerican’,Atlanta,Ga。,November29,1888。 Kent,C。W。:`AStudyofLanier’sPoems,inPublicationsoftheModernLanguageAssociation’(Baltimore)7:2。33-63,April-June,1892。 Kirk,J。F。:`ASupplementtoAllibone’sDictionaryofEnglishLiterature’ (Philadelphia),1891,vol。ii。,973,hasabriefsketchofLanier。 Kirkus,Wm。:`AmericanLiteraryChurchman’,October,1881。 Lanier,Charles:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Lanier,Clifford:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Lawrence,W。M。:seeunder`V’。 Lemmon,L。:see`Hawthorne’。 Lind,W。Murdoch:`SidneyLanier’sLibrary’,`TheDailyNews’(Baltimore),July24,1892。 Link,S。A。:`NewEnglandMagazine’(Boston)10。14-19,March,1894。 LiteraryWorld,The(Boston):6。116,January,1876:`Florida’; 7。103,December,1876:`Poems’(Lippincotted。);11。227,July3,1880: `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;11。441,December4,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’; 12。215,June18,1881:`Florida’;12。449,December3,1881: `Boy’sMabinogion’;14。204-205,June30,1883:`EnglishNovel’; 16。40-41,February7,1885:`Poems’;16。350-352,April10,1885:`Poems’。 Lowell,JamesRussell:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,p。25。 Macmechan,A。:`TheVarsity’(Toronto),March3,1888。 Marble,E。:`CottageHearth’(Boston),4。141-142,June,1877。 Morris,H。S。:`ThePoetryofS。L。’,`TheAmerican’(Philadelphia),No。393,pp。284-285,February18,1888。 Nation,The(NewYork):31。310-311,October28,1880: `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;33。216,September15,1881; 33。994,November17,1881;35。468,November30,1882:`Boy’sPercy’; 37。38,July12,1883:`EnglishNovel’;39。528,December18,1884:`Poems’; 46。51-52,February9,1888;53。297,October15,1891:`Poems’(1891ed。)。 Newell,A。C。:`Lanier’sLifeatOglethorpeCollege’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofFebruary27,1894。 NewEnglander(NewHaven,Conn。):39。566,July,1880: `ScienceofEnglishVerse’。 Penn,A。:`S。L。ontheEnglishNovel’,`CenturyMagazine’,5。957-958,April,1884。 Pitts,W。A。:`WoffordCollegeJournal’(Spartanburg,S。C。)4。307-312,June,1893。 Poet-lore(Philadelphia):2。303,1890;3。369,1891。 Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’,NewYork,1894,hasashortSketchofLanier。 Richardson,CharlesF。:`AmericanLiterature’(1607-1885),2vols。,NewYork,1889-1891;vol。2。231-2,242,398。 Roberts,Chas。G。D。:`St。John(N。B。)Globe’,April25,1885。 Roberts,Chas。G。D。(ed。):`PoemsofWildLife’,London,1888,hasashortsketchofLanier。 Roberts,C。G。D。:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Rutherford,Mildred:`AmericanAuthors’,Atlanta,Ga。,1894,pp。368-375。 Scott,W。J。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,5。157-171,October,1888。 Scribner’sMonthly(NewYork):20。473-4,July,1880: `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;21。322,December,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’。 Semple,PattyB。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville)2。661-7,April,1887。 Sladen,Douglas:`SomeYoungerAmericanPoetsI。’,`TheIndependent’ (NewYork)42。806,June12,1890。 Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。xxvi-xxviii,635-655:aslightlyexpandedformofthepreceding。 See,too,`Gates’and`Turnbull’。 Sladen,Douglas:`TheAmericanRossetti’,`LiteraryWorld’(London),pp。378-9,November17,1893。 Smyth,A。H。:`AmericanLiterature’,Philadelphia,1889,p。132。 Spann,Minnie:`SidneyLanier’sYouth,S。L。’sManhood’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。800,821-2,June21,28,1894。 Spectator,The(London):65。828-9,December6,1890。 Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,pp。12-14ofBrowne’s`MemorialAddress’。 Stedman,E。C。:`TheCritic’(NewYork),1。298,1881。 Stedman,E。C。:`PoetsofAmerica’,Boston,1885,pp。449-451。 Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。25-27。 Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`LibraryofAmericanLiterature’ (NewYork,1891),vol。xi。,542,givesbriefsketchesofSidneyandCliffordLanier。 Stoddard,F。H。:`ReviewofTheEnglishNovel’,`NewEnglander’ (NewHaven,Conn。)43。97-104,January,1884。 Tabb,J。B。:`SidneyLanier’sLastLines’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ ofOctober19,1890。 Tait,JohnR。:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Phila。)40。723-724,November,1887。 Taylor,Bayard:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。 Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’,vol。2。669-723,hasseverallettersfromB。T。toS。L。 Thayer,W。R。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),1883;March,1884; June12,1884;December18,1884;1886:`Stedman’sPoetsofAmerica’。 Thayer,W。R。:`TheAmerican’(Phila。)December20,1884;February18,1888。 Thayer,W。R。(ed。):`LettersofSidneyLanier’[toMr。andMrs。 GibsonPeacock],`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)74。14-28,181-193,JulyandAugust,1894。 Tolman,A。H。:`Lanier’sScienceofEnglishVerse’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。37-45。 Travelers’Record,The(Hartford,Conn。):October,1885: `OwlagainstRobin’。 Turnbull,Mrs。Lawrence:`TheCatholicMan:AStudy’,Boston,1890,gives,inPaul,thepoet,animaginativestudyofthecharacterofMr。Lanier,withwhomtheauthorwasintimatelyacquaintedandtowhomshewasdevoted。 Turnbull,FranceseL。(=Mrs。LawrenceT。):`SidneyLanier:AStudy’,inSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。645-655。 Urban,Francis:MusictoLanier’s`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’。 Baltimore:OttoSutro&Co。,1886。 VonSturmer,H。H。:`ASoldier-poet’,`Excelsior’(Barbados)1。233-236,October,1890。 Walker,Geo。W。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Macon,Ga。) 7。193-206,April,1885。 Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanieronMoralPurposeinArt’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),May3,1883。 Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanier,Poet’,`CenturyMagazine’5。816-821,April,1884。 Ward,Wm。Hayes:`Memorial’,prefixedto`PoemsofSidneyLanier’,editedbyhiswife,pp。xi-xl。 Warner,CharlesDudley:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Washington,HughV。:`AddressonAcceptingtheBustofLanierfortheCityofMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ ofOctober19,1890。 West,CharlesN。:`AddressbeforetheGeorgiaHistoricalSociety’,Savannah,December5,1887,25pp。 Wilkinson,W。C。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),September,1886。 Wilson,Heileman:`Fetter’sSouthernMagazine’(Louisville,Ky。)2。11-15,February,1893。 Wilson(J。G。)andFiske(J。),eds。:`Appleton’sCyclopaediaofAmericanBiography’,NewYork,1888,vol。iii。,613,hasbriefsketchesofS。andC。Lanier。 Wray,J。E。:`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,16。157-163,April,1894。 VII。PoeticalTributesAndrews,MaudeAnnulet:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)18。184,June11,1887。 Barbe,Waiteman:inhis`AshesandIncense’,Philadelphia,1892。 Burroughs,Ellen:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)21。40,February1,1890。 Burton,RichardE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,p。12。 Clark,SimeonTupper:`TheBuffalo(N。Y。)Courier’,November,1881。 Colquitt,MelR。:`ThePeriod’,Atlanta,Ga。 Cowdin,JasperBarnett:`HopesetandSunrise’,`SouthernBivouac’ (Louisville,Ky。)1。614-615,March,1886。 Cummings,James:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。13-17。 Dandridge,Danske:inher`JoyandOtherPoems’,NewYorkandLondon,1888。 Easter,MargueriteE。:inher`ClytieandOtherPoems’,Boston,1891。 Edwards,HarryS。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。 Garland,Hamlin:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。759,May,1887。 Gates,Mrs。MerrillE。:`HomeJournal’(NewYork),April16,1890。 Hayne,PaulHamilton:`ThePoleofDeath’,in`Poems’(Boston,1882),p。322。 Hayne,Wm。H。:`PoemfortheUnveilingoftheBustofS。L。atMacon,Ga。,October17,1890’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890; `SidneyLanier’,inhis`SylvanLyricsandOtherVerses’(NewYork),1893。 Hubner,CharlesW。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofSeptember12,1881。 Lanier,Clifford:`Acknowledgment,ToallwholoveS。L。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),April9,1885。 Reese,LizetteWoodworth:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。488,January,1887;`WithaCopyofLanier’sPoems’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork) 44。322,March3,1892。 Roberts,CharlesG。D。:`TotheMemoryofS。L。’,inhis`InDiversTones’,Boston,1886,pp。95-96;`OnReadingthePoemsofS。L。’,ib。,p。97; `ForaBustofL。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)43。625,April30,1891。 Scollard,Clinton:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston),vol。18,May14,1886。 Tabb,JohnB。:`ToSidneyLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,p。11; `SidneyLanier’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890; `GreetingtoS。L。’,in`TheTimes-Democrat’(NewOrleans)ofDecember,1891,andquotedbySpannin`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。822,June28,1894。 Thomas,EdithM。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。22-23。 Turnbull,FranceseE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。18-21。