第14章

类别:其他 作者:George Borrow字数:10074更新时间:19/01/07 15:19:18
\"Whynot?\"Idemanded。 \"Iamateetotaler,\"hereplied。 \"Indeed,\"saidI,andhavingshakenhimbythehand,thankedhimforhiscompanyandbiddinghimfarewell,wenton。HewasthefirstpersonIhadevermetofthefraternitytowhichhebelonged,whodidnotendeavourtomakeaparadeofhisabstinenceandself— denial。 AfterdrinkingsometolerablygoodaleinthepublichouseIagainstarted。AsIleftthevillageaclockstruckeight。Theeveningwasdelightfullycool;butitsoonbecamenearlydark。Ipassedunderhighrocks,byhousesandbygroves,inwhichnightingalesweresinging,tolistentowhoseentrancingmelodyImorethanoncestopped。Oncomingtoatown,lightedupandthrongedwithpeople,Iaskedoneofagroupofyoungfellowsitsname。 \"Bethesda,\"hereplied。 \"Ascripturalname,\"saidI。 \"Isit?\"saidhe;\"well,ifitsnameisscripturalthemannersofitspeoplearebynomeansso。\" Alittlewaybeyondthetownamancameoutofacottageandwalkedbesideme。Hehadabasketinhishand。Iquickenedmypace;buthewasatremendouswalker,andkeptupwithme。Onwewentsidebysideformorethanamilewithoutspeakingaword。Atlength,puttingoutmylegsingenuineBarclayfashion,Igotbeforehimabouttenyards,thenturningroundlaughedandspoketohiminEnglish。Hetoolaughedandspoke,butinWelsh。Wenowwentonlikebrothers,conversing,butalwayswalkingatgreatspeed。I learnedfromhimthathewasamarket—gardenerlivingatBangor,andthatBangorwasthreemilesoff。Onthestarsshiningoutwebegantotalkaboutthem。 PointingtoCharles’sWainIsaid,\"Agoodstarfortravellers。\" WhereuponpointingtotheNorthstar,hesaid: \"Iforwyrdaiawn—agoodstarformariners。\" Wepassedalargehouseonourleft。 \"Wholivesthere?\"saidI。 \"MrSmith,\"hereplied。\"ItiscalledPlasNewydd;milltirgenometto—wehaveyetanothermile。\" IntenminuteswewereatBangor。IaskedhimwheretheAlbionHotelwas。 \"Iwillshowityou,\"saidhe,andsohedid。 AswecameunderitIheardthevoiceofmywife,forshe,standingonabalconyanddistinguishingmebythelamplight,calledout。I shookhandswiththekindsix—mile—an—hourmarket—gardener,andgoingintotheinnfoundmywifeanddaughter,whorejoicedtoseeme。Wepresentlyhadtea。 CHAPTERXXVII Bangor—EdmundPrice—TheBridges—Bookselling—FuturePope— WildIrish—Southey。 BANGORisseatedonthespursofcertainhighhillsneartheMenai,astraitseparatingMonaorAngleseyfromCaernarvonshire。ItwasonceaplaceofDruidicalworship,ofwhichfact,evenwithoutthetestimonyofhistoryandtradition,thenamewhichsignifies\"uppercircle\"wouldbesufficientevidence。OnthedecayofDruidismatownspranguponthesiteandintheneighbourhoodofthe\"uppercircle,\"inwhichinthesixthcenturyaconventoruniversitywasfoundedbyDeiniol,whoeventuallybecameBishopofBangor。ThisDeiniolwasthesonofDeiniolVawr,azealousChristianprincewhofoundedtheconventofBangorIsCoed,orBangorbeneaththewoodinFlintshire,whichwasdestroyed,anditsinmatesalmosttoamanputtotheswordbyEthelbert,aSaxonking,andhisbarbarianfollowersattheinstigationofthemonkAustin,whohatedthebrethrenbecausetheyrefusedtoacknowledgetheauthorityofthePope,whosedelegatehewasinBritain。TherewereinallthreeBangors;theoneatIsCoed,anotherinPowis,andthisCaernarvonshireBangor,whichwasgenerallytermedBangorVawrorBangorthegreat。ThetwofirstBangorshavefallenintoutterdecay,butBangorVawrisstillabishop’ssee,boastsofasmallbutvenerablecathedral,andcontainsapopulationofaboveeightthousandsouls。 TwoveryremarkablemenhaveatdifferentperiodsconferredakindoflustreuponBangorbyresidinginit,Taliesinintheold,andEdmundPriceincomparativelymoderntime。Bothofthemwerepoets。Taliesinflourishedabouttheendofthefifthcentury,andforthesublimityofhisverseswasformanycenturiescalledbyhiscountrymentheBardicKing。Amongsthispiecesisonegenerallytermed\"TheProphecyofTaliesin,\"whichannouncedlongbeforeithappenedtheentiresubjugationofBritainbytheSaxons,andwhichisperhapsoneofthemoststirringpiecesofpoetryeverproduced。EdmundPriceflourishedduringthetimeofElizabeth。 HewasarchdeaconofMerionethshire,butoccasionallyresidedatBangorforthebenefitofhishealth。BesidesbeingoneofthebestWelshpoetsofhisagehewasamanofextraordinarylearning,possessingathoroughknowledgeofnolessthaneightlanguages。 Thegreaterpartofhiscompositions,howevercleverandelegant,are,itmustbeconfessed,suchasdolittlecredittothepenofanecclesiastic,beingbitterpoignantsatires,whichwerethecauseofmuchpainandmiserytoindividuals;oneofhisworks,however,isnotonlyofakindquiteconsistentwithhissacredcalling,buthasbeenasourceofconsiderableblessing。TohimtheCambrianChurchisindebtedfortheversionofthePsalms,whichforthelasttwocenturiesithasbeeninthehabitofusing。 PrevioustotheversionoftheArchdeaconatranslationofthePsalmshadbeenmadeintoWelshbyWilliamMiddleton,anofficerinthenavalserviceofQueenElizabeth,inthefour—and—twentyalliterativemeasuresoftheancientsbards。Itwaselegantandevenfaithful,butfarbeyondthecomprehensionofpeopleingeneral,andconsequentlybynomeansfittedfortheuseofchurches,thoughintendedforthatpurposebytheauthor,asincereChristian,thoughawarrior。Avoidingtheerrorintowhichhispredecessorhadfallen,theArchdeaconmadeuseofameasureintelligibletopeopleofeverydegree,inwhichalliterationisnotobserved,andwhichiscalledbytheWelshymesurcyffredin,orthecommonmeasure。Hisopinionofthefour—and—twentymeasurestheArchdeaconhasgiventotheworldinfourcowyddlinestothefollowingeffect: \"I’vereadthemaster—piecesgreatOflanguagesnolessthaneight,Butne’erhavefoundawoofofsongSostrictasthatofCambria’stongue。\" Afterbreakfastonthemorningsubsequenttomyarrival,HenriettaandIroamedaboutthetown,andthenproceededtoviewthebridgeswhichleadoverthestraittoAnglesey。One,forcommontraffic,isamostbeautifulsuspensionbridgecompletedin1820,theresultofthementalandmanuallaboursoftheingeniousTelford;theotherisatubularrailroadbridge,awonderfulstructure,nodoubt,butanythingbutgraceful。Weremainedforsometimeonthefirstbridge,admiringthescenery,andwerenotalittledelighted,aswestoodleaningovertheprincipalarch,toseeaproudvesselpassbeneathusinfullsail。 SatiatedwithgazingwepassedintoAnglesey,andmakingourwaytothetubularbridge,whichistothewestofthesuspensionone,enteredoneofitspassagesandreturnedtothemainland。 Theairwasexceedinglyhotandsultry,andoncomingtoastonebench,beneathashadywall,webothsatdown,panting,ononeendofit;aswewererestingourselves,ashabby—lookingmanwithabundleofbookscameandseatedhimselfattheotherend,placinghisbundlebesidehim;thentakingoutfromhispocketadirtyredhandkerchief,hewipedhisface,whichwasbathedinperspiration,andejaculated:\"ByJasus,itisblazinghot!\" \"Veryhot,myfriend,\"saidI;\"haveyoutravelledfarto—day?\" \"Ihavenot,yourhanner;Ihavebeenjustwalkingaboutthedirtytowntryingtosellmybooks。\" \"Haveyoubeensuccessful?\" \"Ihavenot,yourhanner;onlythreepencehaveItakenthisblessedday。\" \"Whatdoyourbookstreatof?\" \"Why,thatismorethanIcantellyourhanner;mytradeistosellthebooksnottoreadthem。Wouldyourhannerliketolookatthem?\" \"Ohdearno,\"saidI;\"Ihavelongbeentiredofbooks;Ihavehadenoughofthem。\" \"Idaresay,yourhanner;fromthestateofyourhanner’seyesI shouldsayasmuch;theylooksoweak—pickinguplearninghasruinedyourhanner’ssight。\" \"MayIask,\"saidI,\"fromwhatcountryyouare?\" \"Sureyourhannermay;anditisacivilansweryouwillgetfromMichaelSullivan。ItisfromouldIrelandIam,fromCastlebarinthecountyMayo。\" \"AndhowcameyouintoWales?\" \"Fromthehopeofbetteringmycondition,yourhanner,andafoolishhopeitwas。\" \"Youhavenotbetteredyourcondition,then?\" \"Ihavenot,yourhanner;forIsufferquiteasmuchhungerandthirstaseverIdidinouldIreland。\" \"DidyousellbooksinIreland?\" \"Ididnat,yerhanner;Imadebuttonsandclothes—thatisI piecedthem。IwasseveraltradesinouldIreland,yourhanner; butnoneofthemanswering,Icameoverhere。\" \"Whereyoucommencedbook—selling?\"saidI。 \"Ididnat,yourhanner。Ifirstsoldlaces,andthenIsoldloocifers,andthensomethingelse;IhavefollowedseveraltradesinWales,yourhanner;atlastIgotintothebook—sellingtrade,inwhichInowam。\" \"Anditanswers,Isuppose,asbadlyastheothers?\" \"Justasbadly,yourhanner;divilabitbetter。\" \"Isupposeyouneverbeg?\" \"Yourhannermaysaythat;Iwasalwaystooproudtobeg。ItisbeggingIlavestothewifeIhave。\" \"Thenyouhaveawife?\" \"Ihave,yourhanner;andadaughter,too;andagoodwifeanddaughtertheyare。WhatwouldbecomeofmewithoutthemIdonotknow。\" \"HaveyoubeenlonginWales?\" \"Notverylong,yourhanner;onlyabouttwentyyears。\" \"Doyoutravelmuchabout?\" \"AlloverNorthWales,yourhanner;tosaynothingofthesoutherncountry。\" \"IsupposeyouspeakWelsh?\" \"Notaword,yourhanner。TheWelshspeaktheirlanguagesofast,thatdivilawordcouldIevercontrivetopickup。\" \"DoyouspeakIrish?\" \"Ido,yerhanner;thatiswhenpeoplespaketomeinit。\" IspoketohiminIrish;afteralittlediscoursehesaidinEnglish: \"IseeyourhannerisaMunsterman。Ah!allthelearnedmencomesfromMunster。FatherTobancomesfromMunster。\" \"Ihaveheardofhimonceortwicebefore,\"saidI。 \"Idaresayyourhannerhas。EveryonehasheardofFatherToban; thegreatestscholarintheworld,whothey,saystandsabetterchanceofbeingmadePope,somedayorother,thananysaggartinIreland。\" \"Willyoutakesixpence?\" \"Iwill,yourhanner;ifyourhanneroffersit;butIneverbeg;I leavethatkindofworktomywifeanddaughterasIsaidbefore。\" Aftergivinghimthesixpence,whichhereceivedwithalazy\"thankyourhanner,\"Igotup,andfollowedbymydaughterreturnedtothetown。 Henriettawenttotheinn,andIagainstrolledaboutthetown。AsIwasstandinginthemiddleofoneofthebusinessstreetsI suddenlyheardaloudanddissonantgabbling,andglancingaroundbeheldanumberofwild—lookingpeople,maleandfemale。Wildlookedthemen,yetwilderthewomen。Themenwereverylightlyclad,andwereallbarefootedandbareheaded;theycarriedstoutsticksintheirhands。Thewomenwerebarefootedtoo,buthadforthemostparthead—dresses;theirgarmentsconsistedofbluecloaksandstripedginghamgowns。Allthefemaleshadcommontinarticlesintheirhandswhichtheyofferedforsalewithviolentgesturestothepeopleinthestreets,astheywalkedalong,occasionallydartingintotheshops,fromwhich,however,theywerealmostinvariablyspeedilyejectedbythestartledproprietors,withlooksofdisgustandalmosthorror。Tworagged,red—hairedladsledagauntpony,drawingacreakingcart,storedwiththesamekindofarticlesoftin,whichthewomenbore。Poorlyclad,dustyandsoiledastheywere,theyallwalkedwithafree,independent,andalmostgracefulcarriage。 \"ArethosepeoplefromIreland?\"saidItoadecent—lookingman,seeminglyamechanic,whostoodnearme,andwasalsolookingatthem,butwithanythingbutadmiration。 \"Iamsorrytosaytheyare,sir;\"saidtheman,whofromhisaccentwasevidentlyanIrishman,\"fortheyareadisgracetotheircountry。\" Ididnotexactlythinkso。Ithoughtthatinmanyrespectstheywerefinespecimensofhumanity。 \"Everyoneofthosewildfellows,\"saidItomyself,\"isworthadozenofthepoormean—spiritedbook—tramperIhavelatelybeendiscoursingwith。\" IntheafternoonIagainpassedoverintoAnglesey,butthistimenotbythebridgebutbytheferryonthenorth—eastofBangor,intendingtogotoBeaumaris,abouttwoorthreemilesdistant:anexcellentroad,ontheleftsideofwhichisahighbankfringedwithdwarfoaks,andontherighttheMenaistrait,leadstoit。 Beaumarisisatpresentawatering—place。Ononesideofit,closeuponthesea,standtheruinsofanimmensecastle,onceaNormanstronghold,butbuiltonthesiteofapalacebelongingtotheancientkingsofNorthWales,andafavouriteresidenceofthecelebratedOwainGwynedd,thefatheroftheyetmorecelebratedMadoc,theoriginaldiscovererofAmerica。Iproceededatoncetothecastle,andclamberingtothetopofoneoftheturrets,lookeduponBeaumarisBay,andthenoblerockycoastofthemainlandtothesouth—eastbeyondit,themostremarkableobjectofwhichisthegiganticPenmanMawr,whichinterpretedis\"thegreathead— stone,\"theterminationofarangeofcraggyhillsdescendingfromtheSnowdonmountains。 \"Whatabay!\"saidI,\"forbeautyitissuperiortothefar—famedoneofNaples。Aproperplaceforthekeelstostartfrom,which,unguidedbythecompass,foundtheirwayoverthemightyandmysteriousWesternOcean。\" IrepeatedalltheBardiclinesIcouldrememberconnectedwithMadoc’sexpedition,andlikewisemanyfromtheMadocofSouthey,nottheleastofBritain’sfourgreatlatterpoets,decidedlyherbestprosewriter,andprobablythepurestandmostnoblecharactertowhichshehasevergivenbirth;andthen,afteralong,lingeringlook,descendedfrommyaltitude,andreturned,notbytheferry,butbythesuspensionbridgetothemainland。 CHAPTERXXVIII RobertLleiaf—PropheticEnglyn—TheSecondSight—DuncanCampbell—Nial’sSaga—FamilyofNial—Gunnar—TheAvenger。 \"AVidirMon,crdwrMenai,Trosytraeth,ondarostrai。\" \"IwillgotothelandofMona,notwithstandingthewateroftheMenai,acrossthesand,withoutwaitingfortheebb。\" SOsangabardabouttwohundredandfortyyearsago,whostyledhimselfRobertLleiaf,ortheleastoftheRoberts。Themeaningofthecouplethasalwaysbeenconsideredtobe,anddoubtlessis,thatatimewouldcomewhenabridgewouldbebuiltacrosstheMenai,overwhichonemightpasswithsafetyandcomfort,withoutwaitingtilltheebbwassufficientlylowtopermitpeopletopassoverthetraeth,orsand,which,fromagesthemostremote,hadbeenusedasthemeansofcommunicationbetweenthemainlandandtheIsleofMonaorAnglesey。Groundingtheirhopesuponthatcouplet,peoplewerecontinuallyexpectingtoseeabridgeacrosstheMenai:morethantwohundredyears,however,elapsedbeforetheexpectationwasfulfilledbythemightyTelfordflingingoverthestraitanironsuspensionbridge,which,forgraceandbeauty,hasperhapsnorivalinEurope。 Thecoupletisaremarkableone。InthetimeofitsauthortherewasnobodyinBritaincapableofbuildingabridge,whichcouldhavestoodagainstthetremendoussurgeswhichoccasionallyvextheMenai;yetthecoupletgivesintimationthatabridgeovertheMenaitherewouldbe,whichclearlyarguesaremarkableforesightintheauthor,afeelingthatatimewouldatlengtharrivewhenthepowerofsciencewouldbesofaradvanced,thatmenwouldbeabletobridgeovertheterriblestrait。Thelengthoftimewhichintervenedbetweenthecompositionofthecoupletandthefulfilmentofthepromise,showsthatabridgeovertheMenaiwasnopontymeibion,nochildren’sbridge,noraworkforcommonmen。 Oh,surelyLleiafwasamanofgreatforesight! Amanofgreatforesight,butnothingmore;heforetoldabridgeovertheMenai,whennoonecouldhavebuiltone,abridgeoverwhichpeoplecouldpass,aye,andcartsandhorses;wewillallowhimthecreditofforetellingsuchabridge;andwhenTelford’sbridgewasflungovertheMenai,Lleiaf’scoupletwasverified。 ButsinceTelford’sanotherbridgehasbeenbuiltovertheMenai,whichenablesthingstopasswhichthebardcertainlyneverdreamtof。Heneverhintedatabridgeoverwhichthunderingtrainswoulddash,ifrequired,attherateoffiftymilesanhour;heneverhintedatsteamtravelling,orarailroadbridge,andthesecondbridgeovertheMenaiisone。 ThatLleiafwasamanofremarkableforesight,cannotbedenied,buttherearenogroundswhichentitlehimtobeconsideredapossessorofthesecondsight。Heforetoldabridge,butnotarailroadbridge;hadheforetoldarailroadbridge,orhintedatthemarvelsofsteam,hisclaimtothesecondsightwouldhavebeenincontestable。 WhatatriumphforWales;whatatriumphforbardism,ifLleiafhadeverwrittenanenglyn,orcouplet,inwhichnotabridgeforcommontraffic,butarailroadbridgeovertheMenaiwashintedat,andsteamtravellingdistinctlyforetold!Well,thoughLleiafdidnotwriteit,thereexistsintheWelshlanguageanenglyn,almostasoldasLleiaf’stime,inwhichsteamtravellinginWalesandAngleseaisforetold,andinwhich,thoughtherailroadbridgeovertheMenaiisnotexactlymentioned,itmaybeconsideredtobeincluded;sothatWalesandbardismhaveequalreasontobeproud。 Thisistheenglynalludedto:— \"Codais,ymolchaisynMon,cynnawawrCiniewa’nNghaerLleon,PrydgosberynyWerddon,PrydnawnwrthdanmawnynMon。\" TheaboveenglynwasprintedintheGreal,1792,p。316;thelanguageshowsittobeaproductionofaboutthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury。Thefollowingisnearlyaliteraltranslation:— \"IgotupinMonaassoonas’twaslight,AtnineinoldChestermybreakfastItook; InIrelandIdined,andinMona,erenight,Bytheturffiresat,inmyowninglenook。\" Now,assureasthecoupletbyRobertLleiafforetellsthatabridgewouldeventuallybebuiltoverthestrait,bywhichpeoplewouldpass,andtrafficbecarriedon,sosurelydoestheaboveenglynforeshadowthespeedbywhichpeoplewouldtravelbysteam,aspeedbywhichdistanceisalreadyallbutannihilated。AtpresentitiseasyenoughtogetupatdawnatHolyhead,thepointofAngleseythemostdistantfromChester,andtobreakfastatthatoldtownbynine;andthoughthefeathasneveryetbeenaccomplished,itwouldbequitepossible,providedproperpreparationsweremade,tostartfromHolyheadatdaybreak,breakfastatChesteratnine,orbefore,dineinIrelandattwo,andgetbackagaintoHolyheaderethesunofthelongestdayhasset。Andassurelyasthecoupletaboutthebridgearguesgreatforesightinthemanthatwroteit,sosurelydoestheenglynprovethatitsauthormusthavebeenpossessedofthefacultyofsecondsight,asnobodywithoutitcould,inthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury,whenthepowersofsteamwereunknown,havewrittenanythinginwhichtravellingbysteamissodistinctlyalludedto。 TrulysomeoldbardoftheseventeenthcenturymustinavisionofthesecondsighthaveseentherailroadbridgeacrosstheMenai,theChestertraindashingacrossit,athighrailroadspeed,andafigureexactlylikehisownseatedcomfortablyinathird—classcarriage。 Andnowafewwordsonthesecondsight,afewcalm,quietwords,inwhichthereisnottheslightestwishtodisplayeithereccentricityorbook—learning。 Thesecondsightisthepowerofseeingeventsbeforetheyhappen,orofseeingeventswhicharehappeningfarbeyondthereachofthecommonsight,orbetweenwhichandthecommonsightbarriersintervene,whichitcannotpierce。Thenumberofthosewhopossessthisgiftorpowerislimited,andperhapsnopersoneverpossesseditinaperfectdegree:somemorefrequentlyseecomingevents,orwhatishappeningatadistance,thanothers;someseethingsdimly,otherswithgreatdistinctness。Theeventsseenaresometimesofgreatimportance,sometimeshighlynonsensicalandtrivial;sometimestheyrelatetothepersonwhoseesthem,sometimestootherpeople。Thisisallthatcanbesaidwithanythinglikecertaintywithrespecttothenatureofthesecondsight,afacultyforwhichthereisnoaccounting,which,wereitbetterdeveloped,mightbetermedthesixthsense。 Thesecondsightisconfinedtonoparticularcountry,andhasatalltimesexisted。Particularnationshaveobtainedacelebrityforitforatime,whichtheyhaveafterwardslost,thecelebritybeingtransferredtoothernations,whowerepreviouslynotnotedforthefaculty。TheJewswereatonetimeparticularlycelebratedforthepossessionofthesecondsight;theyarenolongerso。ThepowerwasatonetimeverycommonamongsttheIcelandersandtheinhabitantsoftheHebrides,butitissonolonger。ManyandextraordinaryinstancesofthesecondsighthavelatelyoccurredinthatpartofEnglandgenerallytermedEastAnglia,whereinformertimesthepowerofthesecondsightseldommanifesteditself。 Therearevariousbooksinexistenceinwhichthesecondsightistreatedoformentioned。Amongstothersthereisonecalled\"Martin’sDescriptionoftheWesternIslesofScotland,\"publishedintheyear1703,whichisindeedthebookfromwhichmostwritersinEnglish,whohavetreatedofthesecondsight,havederivedtheirinformation。Theauthorgivesvariousanecdotesofthesecondsight,whichhehadpickedupduringhisvisitstothoseremoteislands,whichuntilthepublicationofhistourwerealmostunknowntotheworld。ItwillnotbeamisstoobserveherethatthetermsecondsightisofLowlandScotchorigin,andfirstmadeitsappearanceinprintinMartin’sbook。TheGaelictermforthefacultyistaibhsearachd,theliteralmeaningofwhichiswhatisconnectedwithaspectralappearance,therootofthewordbeingtaibhse,aspectralappearanceorvision。 ThenthereistheHistoryofDuncanCampbell。ThefatherofthispersonwasanativeofShetland,who,beingshipwreckedonthecoastofSwedishLapland,andhospitablyreceivedbythenatives,marriedawomanofthecountry,bywhomhehadDuncan,whowasborndeafanddumb。OnthedeathofhismotherthechildwasremovedbyhisfathertoScotland,wherehewaseducatedandtaughttheuseofthefingeralphabet,bymeansofwhichpeopleareenabledtoholddiscoursewitheachother,withoutmovingthelipsortongue。ThisalphabetwasoriginallyinventedinScotland,andatthepresentdayismuchinusethere,notonlyamongstdumbpeople,butmanyothers,whoemployitasasilentmeansofcommunication。NothingismoreusualthantoseepassengersinacommonconveyanceinScotlanddiscoursingwiththeirfingers。Duncanatanearlyperiodgaveindicationsofpossessingthesecondsight。AftervariousadventureshecametoLondon,whereformanyyearshepractisedasafortune—teller,pretendingtoanswerallquestions,whetherrelatingtothepastorthefuture,bymeansofthesecondsight。 Therecanbenodoubtthatthismanwastoacertainextentanimpostor;nopersonexistshavingathoroughknowledgeeitherofthepastorfuturebymeansofthesecondsight,whichonlyvisitsparticularpeoplebyfitsandstarts,andwhichisquiteindependentofindividualwill;butitisequallycertainthathedisclosedthingswhichnopersoncouldhavebeenacquaintedwithwithoutvisitationsofthesecondsight。HispapersfellintothehandsofDefoe,whowroughtthemupinhisownpeculiarmanner,andgavethemtotheworldunderthetitleoftheLifeofMrDuncanCampbell,theDeafandDumbGentleman:withanappendixcontainingmanyanecdotesofthesecondsightfromMartin’stour。